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Balyan family

January 01, 1970

The Balyan family (Armenian: Պալեաններ; Turkish: Balyan ailesi) was a prominent Armenian[1] family in the Ottoman Empire of court architects in the service of Ottoman sultans and other members of the Ottoman dynasty during the 18th and 19th centuries. For five generations, they designed and constructed numerous major buildings in the Ottoman Empire, including palaces, mansions, konaks, kiosks, yalis, mosques, churches, and various public buildings, mostly in Constantinople (present-day Istanbul).

Graves of the Balyan family in the Armenian cemetery on Nuh Kuyusu Caddesi, Bağlarbaşı, Üsküdar, Istanbul.
Recently renovated graves of the Balyan family in the Armenian cemetery in Üsküdar, Istanbul.

Ancestors edit

Bali the Mason edit

Bali or Balen the Mason (Turkish: Meremmetçi Bali Kalfa or Meremmetçi Balen Kalfa), a masonry craftsman from the Belen village of Karaman in central Anatolia, was the founder of the dynasty. He moved to Istanbul, where he learned of an Armenian palace architect of Sultan Mehmed IV (1648–1687), whom he met and replaced, being Armenian himself. When Bali died in 1725, his son Magar took his place as architect at the sultan's court.

Magar the Architect edit

Magar the Architect (Turkish: Mimar Magar) was charged with important projects and was consequently frequently promoted to higher ranks. However, as a result of a denunciation, he was driven away from the court of Sultan Mahmud I (1730–1754) to exile in the eastern Anatolian town of Bayburt. There, Magar taught his elder son Krikor architecture before being pardoned and returning to Istanbul. Following his retirement, his son Krikor took over his position. Magar's second son Senekerim collaborated with his brother Krikor. Magar died in Bayburt.

Family tree edit

Members edit

 
 
 
 
Built by Ottoman sultans Abdülmecid and Abdülaziz, the 19th-century Dolmabahçe, Çırağan, Beylerbeyi and Küçüksu palaces on the European and Asian shores of the Bosporus were designed by members of the Armenian Balyan family of court architects.[2]

Krikor Balyan edit

Krikor Balyan (Armenian: Գրիգոր Պալեան, also known as Krikor Amira Balyan; 1764–1831) was the first member of the family to use the surname Balyan. He was called Baliyan or Balyan after his grandfather and later adopted this as the family name Balyan. He was the son-in-law of Mason Minas and father-in-law of Ohannes Amira Severyan, both of whom were palace architects. Krikor received his credential of architecture from Sultan Abdul Hamid I (r. 1774–87). He became unofficial advisor to Sultan Selim III (r. 1789–1807), and was close to Sultan Mahmud II (r. 1808–1839). He was exiled in 1820 to Kayseri in central Anatolia, because of his involvement in a dispute between Gregorian and Catholic Armenians. He was pardoned and allowed to return to Istanbul shortly after a friend of his in the palace, Amira Bezjian.

Krikor died in 1831 after serving the empire during the reigns of four sultans, Abdul Hamid I (r. 1774–87), Selim III (r. 1789–1807), Mustafa IV (r. 1807–8)), and Mahmud II (r. 1808–39). His young and inexperienced son Garabet Amira succeeded him.

Krikor's major works include

Senekerim Balyan edit

Senekerim Balyan (Armenian: Սենեքերիմ Պալեան; 1768–1833) was the son of Architect Magar and the younger brother of Krikor Balyan. He worked together with his brother, but remained in the background. He rebuilt the Beyazit Fire Tower, which had been constructed in wood in 1826 by his brother Krikor, but destroyed after a fire. He died in Jerusalem and was buried in the Armenian church yard.

Senekerim's works include the Beyazıt Fire Tower (1828) and the Surp Asdvadzazdin Armenian Church in Ortaköy (1824).

Garabet Amira Balyan edit

Garabet Amira Balyan (Armenian: Կարապետ Պալեան; 1800–1866) was born in Constantinople. At his father's death, he was very young and not experienced enough to take over his father's position by himself. Thus he served alongside his uncle-in-law Mason Ohannes Serveryan. Garabet served during the reigns of Mahmud II (1808–1839), Abdul Mecid I (1839–1861), and Abdulaziz (1861–1876), and constructed numerous buildings in Istanbul. The best known of his works is Dolmabahçe Palace, which he built in collaboration with his son Nigoğayos.[3] Another notable architectural work of his is Beylerbeyi Palace, which was built in cooperation with his other son Sarkis.

Garabet Balyan was also active in the Armenian community's educational and administrative matters and carried out research work on Armenian architecture. His four sons, Nigoğayos, Sarkis, Hagop, and Simon, succeeded him after he died of a heart attack in 1866 while conversing with friends.[4]

 
Dolmabahçe Palace
 
Ortaköy Mosque in front of the Bosphorus Bridge

Garabet's notable works:

  • Dolmabahçe Palace, with Nigoğayos Balyan (1848–56)[5]
  • New Çırağan Palace
  • Yeşilköy Hünkar Kiosk
  • Old Yıldız Palace
  • Ortaköy Mosque, with Nigoğayos Balyan (1854)
  • Nusretiye Clock Tower (1848)
  • Beşiktaş Soorp Asdvadzazin Armenian Church (1834)
  • Kuruçeşme Soorp Nişan Armenian Church (1834)
  • Beyoğlu Soorp Yerrortutyun Church (1838)
  • Kumkapı Soorp Asdvadzazin Church
  • Academy of Fine Arts (former cannon foundry) building in Tophane
  • Fındıklı Cemile and Münire Sultan Palaces (1856–1859; today Mimar Sinan University)
  • İzmit Hünkar Palace
  • Academy of War
  • Mausoleum of Mahmut II with fountain (1840)
  • Bakırköy textile factory
  • Beykoz tannery (1842)
  • Hereke textile factory (1843)
  • Armenian hospital (1832–1834)

Nigoğayos Balyan edit

 
Nigoğayos Balyan (1826–1858)

Nigoğayos Balyan (Armenian: Նիկողայոս Պալեան; also known as Nigoğos Balyan; 1826–1858) was the first son of Garabet Armira Balyan. In 1843, he was sent to Paris together with his brother Sarkis to study architecture at the Collège Sainte-Barbe de Paris. Due to an illness, however, he and his brother had to return to Istanbul in 1845. Working alongside his father Garabet, Nigoğayos gained experience. He was appointed arts advisor to Sultan Abdulmecid I (1839–1861). He founded also a school for domestic architects in order to teach Western architecture.

Nigoğayos worked together with his father on the building of Dolmabahçe Palace (1842–1856). He participated in the preparations for the Armenian National Constitution.[6] Nigoğayos died in Istanbul in 1858 of typhoid fever at the age of 32.

Nigoğayos's notable works:

  • Küçük Mecidiye Mosque (1843)
  • Ihlamur Pavilion (1849)
  • Dolmabahçe Mosque, aka Bezm-i Alem Valide Sultan Mosque (1852–1854)
  • Adile Sultan Pavilion, Validebağ (1853)
  • Ortaköy Mosque, together with Garabet Amira Balyan (1854)
  • Küçüksu Pavilion, aka Göksu Pavilion (1857)
  • Armenian Hospital

Sarkis Balyan edit

 
Sarkis Balyan (1835–1899)

Sarkis Balyan (Armenian: Սարգիս Պալեան; 1835–1899) was the second son of Garabet Balyan. In 1843, he followed his elder brother Nigoğayos to Paris. He had to return to Istanbul in 1845 due to an illness of his brother. In 1847, Sarkis went to Paris again to attend Collège Sainte-Barbe de Paris, which he finished after three years. Later, he studied at the Academy of Fine Arts.

After returning to Istanbul, Sarkis began working alongside his father and his brother Nigoğayos. Following the deaths of these two, he continued his work with the younger brother Hagop. Sarkis won greater fame than Hagop because he constructed the structures his brother designed. Sarkis is also known as the designer of many buildings.

Known as a fast worker, his professional life was interrupted by the death of brother Hagop in 1875 and by Abdülhamid II's accession to the throne (1876–1909). Due to political accusations, he was forced into exile in Europe for 15 years, but eventually returned to Turkey through the intercession of Hagop Kazazian Pasha on his behalf.[7]

His most important work is the Valide Sultan Kiosk. Interested in all branches of the fine arts, Sarkis supported Armenian writers, musicians, and particularly theater actors. He was also a member of the Armenian Patriarchate's Assembly. He was awarded the title Ser Mimar (Chief Architect of Ottoman Empire).

 
Beylerbeyi Palace

Sarkis's notable works:

Hagop Balyan edit

Hagop Balyan (Armenian: Հակոբ Պալեան; 1838–1875) was the third son of Garabet Balyan. He worked alongside his brother Sarkis on various projects in Istanbul. Hagop died in Paris in 1875 at the age of 37; he was buried in the Père Lachaise Cemetery.

Simon Balyan edit

Simon Balyan (Armenian: Սիմոն Պալեան; 1848–1894) was the youngest son of Garabet Balyan. He was also an architect.

Levon Balyan edit

Levon Balyan (Armenian: Լեւոն Պալեան; 1855–1925) was the son of Nigoğayos Balyan. He attended Collège Sainte-Barbe in Paris in 1869.

Buildings and structures edit

Buildings and structures designed and constructed by Balyan family members:[9]

Royal residences

Religious buildings

Public buildings

Production facilities

See also edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Balyan family.

References edit

  1. ^ Robinson, Francis (1996). The Cambridge Illustrated History of the Islamic World. Cambridge University Press. p.286; "In Istanbul they were propagated in buildings designed for the Ottoman sultans by the Armenian Balyan family of architects..."
  2. ^ "Continuity and Change in Nineteenth-Century Istanbul: Sultan Abdulaziz and the Beylerbeyi Palace", Filiz Yenisehirlioglu, Islamic Art in the 19th Century: Tradition, Innovation, And Eclecticism, 65.
  3. ^ Continuity and Change in Nineteenth-Century Istanbul:Sultan Abdulaziz and the Beylerbeyi Palace, Filiz Yenisehirlioglu, Islamic Art in the 19th Century: Tradition, Innovation, And Eclecticism, ed. Doris Behrens-Abouseif, Stephen Vernoit, (Brill, 2006), 65.
  4. ^ [1] Turkis Cultural Foundation, Garabed Amira Balyan
  5. ^ Continuity and Change in Nineteenth-Century Istanbul:Sultan Abdulaziz and the Beylerbeyi Palace, Filiz Yenisehirlioglu, Islamic Art in the 19th Century: Tradition, Innovation, And Eclecticism, 65.
  6. ^ Nalbandian, Louise (1963). The Armenian revolutionary movement; the development of Armenian political parties through the nineteenth century (3. pr ed.). Berkeley: University of California Press. p. 47. ISBN 0520009142.
  7. ^ Pamukciyan, Kevork (2003). Ermeni Kaynaklarından Tarihe Katkılar IV - Biyografileriyle Ermeniler. Istanbul: Aras Yayıncılık. p. 97. ISBN 975-7265-54-5.
  8. ^ "A beautiful mosque and the dark period of the Armenian genocide". The Independent. 15 October 2016. Retrieved 26 January 2021.
  9. ^ [2] Turkish Cultural Foundation
  • Finkel, Caroline, Osman's Dream (Basic Books, 2005), 57: "Istanbul was only adopted as the city's official name in 1930 ...".
  • Göyünç, Nejat, at the Wayback Machine (archived 22 March 2003) (Turkish National Assembly, n.d.).

January 01, 1970
balyan, family, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, news, newspapers, books, scholar, jstor, 2024, learn. This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Balyan family news newspapers books scholar JSTOR May 2024 Learn how and when to remove this message The Balyan family Armenian Պալեաններ Turkish Balyan ailesi was a prominent Armenian 1 family in the Ottoman Empire of court architects in the service of Ottoman sultans and other members of the Ottoman dynasty during the 18th and 19th centuries For five generations they designed and constructed numerous major buildings in the Ottoman Empire including palaces mansions konaks kiosks yalis mosques churches and various public buildings mostly in Constantinople present day Istanbul Graves of the Balyan family in the Armenian cemetery on Nuh Kuyusu Caddesi Baglarbasi Uskudar Istanbul Recently renovated graves of the Balyan family in the Armenian cemetery in Uskudar Istanbul Contents 1 Ancestors 1 1 Bali the Mason 1 2 Magar the Architect 2 Family tree 3 Members 3 1 Krikor Balyan 3 2 Senekerim Balyan 3 3 Garabet Amira Balyan 3 4 Nigogayos Balyan 3 5 Sarkis Balyan 3 6 Hagop Balyan 3 7 Simon Balyan 3 8 Levon Balyan 4 Buildings and structures 5 See also 6 ReferencesAncestors editBali the Mason edit Bali or Balen the Mason Turkish Meremmetci Bali Kalfa or Meremmetci Balen Kalfa a masonry craftsman from the Belen village of Karaman in central Anatolia was the founder of the dynasty He moved to Istanbul where he learned of an Armenian palace architect of Sultan Mehmed IV 1648 1687 whom he met and replaced being Armenian himself When Bali died in 1725 his son Magar took his place as architect at the sultan s court Magar the Architect edit Magar the Architect Turkish Mimar Magar was charged with important projects and was consequently frequently promoted to higher ranks However as a result of a denunciation he was driven away from the court of Sultan Mahmud I 1730 1754 to exile in the eastern Anatolian town of Bayburt There Magar taught his elder son Krikor architecture before being pardoned and returning to Istanbul Following his retirement his son Krikor took over his position Magar s second son Senekerim collaborated with his brother Krikor Magar died in Bayburt Family tree editBali Balen 1725 Magar Krikor Balyan 1764 1831 Senekerim Balyan 1768 1833 Garabet Amira Balyan 1800 1866 Nigogayos Balyan 1826 1858 Levon Balyan 1855 Sarkis Balyan 1835 1899 Hagop Balyan 1838 1875 Simon Balyan 1848 1894 Members edit nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp Built by Ottoman sultans Abdulmecid and Abdulaziz the 19th century Dolmabahce Ciragan Beylerbeyi and Kucuksu palaces on the European and Asian shores of the Bosporus were designed by members of the Armenian Balyan family of court architects 2 Krikor Balyan edit Krikor Balyan Armenian Գրիգոր Պալեան also known as Krikor Amira Balyan 1764 1831 was the first member of the family to use the surname Balyan He was called Baliyan or Balyan after his grandfather and later adopted this as the family name Balyan He was the son in law of Mason Minas and father in law of Ohannes Amira Severyan both of whom were palace architects Krikor received his credential of architecture from Sultan Abdul Hamid I r 1774 87 He became unofficial advisor to Sultan Selim III r 1789 1807 and was close to Sultan Mahmud II r 1808 1839 He was exiled in 1820 to Kayseri in central Anatolia because of his involvement in a dispute between Gregorian and Catholic Armenians He was pardoned and allowed to return to Istanbul shortly after a friend of his in the palace Amira Bezjian Krikor died in 1831 after serving the empire during the reigns of four sultans Abdul Hamid I r 1774 87 Selim III r 1789 1807 Mustafa IV r 1807 8 and Mahmud II r 1808 39 His young and inexperienced son Garabet Amira succeeded him Krikor s major works include Sarayburnu Palace burned 1875 Besiktas Palace Ciragan Palace burned by Janissaries Arnavutkoy Valide Sultan Palace Defterdar Sultan Palace Aynalikavak Pavilion Tophane Nusretiye Mosque 1823 1826 Taksim Military Barracks Selimiye Barracks 1800 burnt 1806 Davutpasa Barracks 1826 1827 Beyoglu Barracks Istanbul Mint Valide Dam Topuzlu Dam Senekerim Balyan edit Senekerim Balyan Armenian Սենեքերիմ Պալեան 1768 1833 was the son of Architect Magar and the younger brother of Krikor Balyan He worked together with his brother but remained in the background He rebuilt the Beyazit Fire Tower which had been constructed in wood in 1826 by his brother Krikor but destroyed after a fire He died in Jerusalem and was buried in the Armenian church yard Senekerim s works include the Beyazit Fire Tower 1828 and the Surp Asdvadzazdin Armenian Church in Ortakoy 1824 Garabet Amira Balyan edit Garabet Amira Balyan Armenian Կարապետ Պալեան 1800 1866 was born in Constantinople At his father s death he was very young and not experienced enough to take over his father s position by himself Thus he served alongside his uncle in law Mason Ohannes Serveryan Garabet served during the reigns of Mahmud II 1808 1839 Abdul Mecid I 1839 1861 and Abdulaziz 1861 1876 and constructed numerous buildings in Istanbul The best known of his works is Dolmabahce Palace which he built in collaboration with his son Nigogayos 3 Another notable architectural work of his is Beylerbeyi Palace which was built in cooperation with his other son Sarkis Garabet Balyan was also active in the Armenian community s educational and administrative matters and carried out research work on Armenian architecture His four sons Nigogayos Sarkis Hagop and Simon succeeded him after he died of a heart attack in 1866 while conversing with friends 4 nbsp Dolmabahce Palace nbsp Ortakoy Mosque in front of the Bosphorus Bridge Garabet s notable works Dolmabahce Palace with Nigogayos Balyan 1848 56 5 New Ciragan Palace Yesilkoy Hunkar Kiosk Old Yildiz Palace Ortakoy Mosque with Nigogayos Balyan 1854 Nusretiye Clock Tower 1848 Besiktas Soorp Asdvadzazin Armenian Church 1834 Kurucesme Soorp Nisan Armenian Church 1834 Beyoglu Soorp Yerrortutyun Church 1838 Kumkapi Soorp Asdvadzazin Church Academy of Fine Arts former cannon foundry building in Tophane Findikli Cemile and Munire Sultan Palaces 1856 1859 today Mimar Sinan University Izmit Hunkar Palace Academy of War Mausoleum of Mahmut II with fountain 1840 Bakirkoy textile factory Beykoz tannery 1842 Hereke textile factory 1843 Armenian hospital 1832 1834 Nigogayos Balyan edit nbsp Nigogayos Balyan 1826 1858 Nigogayos Balyan Armenian Նիկողայոս Պալեան also known as Nigogos Balyan 1826 1858 was the first son of Garabet Armira Balyan In 1843 he was sent to Paris together with his brother Sarkis to study architecture at the College Sainte Barbe de Paris Due to an illness however he and his brother had to return to Istanbul in 1845 Working alongside his father Garabet Nigogayos gained experience He was appointed arts advisor to Sultan Abdulmecid I 1839 1861 He founded also a school for domestic architects in order to teach Western architecture Nigogayos worked together with his father on the building of Dolmabahce Palace 1842 1856 He participated in the preparations for the Armenian National Constitution 6 Nigogayos died in Istanbul in 1858 of typhoid fever at the age of 32 Nigogayos s notable works Kucuk Mecidiye Mosque 1843 Ihlamur Pavilion 1849 Dolmabahce Mosque aka Bezm i Alem Valide Sultan Mosque 1852 1854 Adile Sultan Pavilion Validebag 1853 Ortakoy Mosque together with Garabet Amira Balyan 1854 Kucuksu Pavilion aka Goksu Pavilion 1857 Armenian Hospital Sarkis Balyan edit nbsp Sarkis Balyan 1835 1899 Sarkis Balyan Armenian Սարգիս Պալեան 1835 1899 was the second son of Garabet Balyan In 1843 he followed his elder brother Nigogayos to Paris He had to return to Istanbul in 1845 due to an illness of his brother In 1847 Sarkis went to Paris again to attend College Sainte Barbe de Paris which he finished after three years Later he studied at the Academy of Fine Arts After returning to Istanbul Sarkis began working alongside his father and his brother Nigogayos Following the deaths of these two he continued his work with the younger brother Hagop Sarkis won greater fame than Hagop because he constructed the structures his brother designed Sarkis is also known as the designer of many buildings Known as a fast worker his professional life was interrupted by the death of brother Hagop in 1875 and by Abdulhamid II s accession to the throne 1876 1909 Due to political accusations he was forced into exile in Europe for 15 years but eventually returned to Turkey through the intercession of Hagop Kazazian Pasha on his behalf 7 His most important work is the Valide Sultan Kiosk Interested in all branches of the fine arts Sarkis supported Armenian writers musicians and particularly theater actors He was also a member of the Armenian Patriarchate s Assembly He was awarded the title Ser Mimar Chief Architect of Ottoman Empire nbsp Beylerbeyi Palace Sarkis s notable works Beylerbeyi Palace with his father Garabet Balyan 1861 1865 Besiktas Makruhyan Armenian Primary School 1866 dedicated to the memory of his young died wife Makruhi Malta Pavilion 1870 Ciragan Palace 1863 1871 Valide Mosque with brother Hagop Balyan 1871 Zeytinburnu Gunpowder Factory 1874 Besiktas Akaretler 138 Terraced Houses construction begun in 1874 Esma Sultan Mansion Ortakoy 1875 Adile Sultan Palace Kandilli 1876 Dolmabahce Clock Tower 1895 Ministry of War today the main building of Istanbul Technical University Imperial School of Medicine today Galatasaray High School Macka Arsenal today the Faculty of Mining Istanbul Technical University Baltalimani Coastal Palace Old kiosk on Galatasaray islet Holy Mother of God cathedral in Aintab currently the Liberation Mosque 8 Hagop Balyan edit Hagop Balyan Armenian Հակոբ Պալեան 1838 1875 was the third son of Garabet Balyan He worked alongside his brother Sarkis on various projects in Istanbul Hagop died in Paris in 1875 at the age of 37 he was buried in the Pere Lachaise Cemetery Simon Balyan edit Simon Balyan Armenian Սիմոն Պալեան 1848 1894 was the youngest son of Garabet Balyan He was also an architect Levon Balyan edit Levon Balyan Armenian Լեւոն Պալեան 1855 1925 was the son of Nigogayos Balyan He attended College Sainte Barbe in Paris in 1869 Buildings and structures editBuildings and structures designed and constructed by Balyan family members 9 Royal residences Dolmabahce Palace 1848 56 Beylerbeyi Palace burnt by Janissaries rebuilt 1861 1865 Ciragan Palace 1863 1871 Topkapi Palace Sarayburnu Palace burnt in 1875 Besiktas Palace Valide Sultan Palace Arnavutkoy Defterdar Sultan Palace Adile Sultan Palace Kandilli 1876 Eyup Twin Palaces Salipazari Palace Yildiz Palace Findikli Cemile and Munire Sultan Palaces 1856 59 Izmit Hunkar Palace Baltalimani Coastal Palace Aynalikavak Palace Esma Sultan Mansion 1875 Adile Sultan Pavilion Validebag 1853 Ihlamur Pavilion 1849 Kucuksu Goksu Pavilion 1857 Malta Kiosk Sultan Mahmud I Kiosk Yesilkoy Hunkar Kiosk Old kiosk on Galatasaray islet Religious buildings Tophane Nusretiye Mosque 1823 26 Ortakoy Mosque 1852 1854 Dolmabahce Mosque Bezm i Alem Valide Sultan Mosque 1852 54 Aksaray Valide Mosque 1871 Uskudar Surp Hac Armenian Church Kayseri Surp Krikor Lusavoric Armenian Church Besiktas Surp Nisan Armenian Church 1834 Ortakoy Surp Asdvadzadzin Armenian Church 1824 Kurucesme Surp Nisan Armenian Church Bandirma Armenian Church Beyoglu Surp Yerrortutyun Church 1838 Kumkapi Surp Asdvadzadzin Patriarchal Church Mausoleum of Sultan Mahmud II 1840 Mausoleum of Sultan Abdulmecit I Mausoleum of Sultan Abdulaziz Public buildings Istanbul Mint Selimiye Barracks 1800 Davutpasa Barracks 1826 1827 Beyoglu Barracks Macka Arsenal Ministry of War Academy of War Palace School of Medicine Academy of Fine Arts Besiktas Makruhyan Armenian Primary School 1866 Beyazit Tower 1828 Dolmabahce Clock Tower 1895 Nusretiye Clock Tower 1848 Topuzlu Dam Valide Dam Besiktas Akaretler 138 Terraced Houses 1874 Surp Prgic Armenian National Hospital 1827 1834 Production facilities Zeytinburnu iron works Izmit textile factory Hereke textile factory 1843 Bakirkoy textile factory Beykoz tannery Zeytinburnu gunpowder factory 1874 See also edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Balyan family Ottoman architectureReferences edit Robinson Francis 1996 The Cambridge Illustrated History of the Islamic World Cambridge University Press p 286 In Istanbul they were propagated in buildings designed for the Ottoman sultans by the Armenian Balyan family of architects Continuity and Change in Nineteenth Century Istanbul Sultan Abdulaziz and the Beylerbeyi Palace Filiz Yenisehirlioglu Islamic Art in the 19th Century Tradition Innovation And Eclecticism 65 Continuity and Change in Nineteenth Century Istanbul Sultan Abdulaziz and the Beylerbeyi Palace Filiz Yenisehirlioglu Islamic Art in the 19th Century Tradition Innovation And Eclecticism ed Doris Behrens Abouseif Stephen Vernoit Brill 2006 65 1 Turkis Cultural Foundation Garabed Amira Balyan Continuity and Change in Nineteenth Century Istanbul Sultan Abdulaziz and the Beylerbeyi Palace Filiz Yenisehirlioglu Islamic Art in the 19th Century Tradition Innovation And Eclecticism 65 Nalbandian Louise 1963 The Armenian revolutionary movement the development of Armenian political parties through the nineteenth century 3 pr ed Berkeley University of California Press p 47 ISBN 0520009142 Pamukciyan Kevork 2003 Ermeni Kaynaklarindan Tarihe Katkilar IV Biyografileriyle Ermeniler Istanbul Aras Yayincilik p 97 ISBN 975 7265 54 5 A beautiful mosque and the dark period of the Armenian genocide The Independent 15 October 2016 Retrieved 26 January 2021 2 Turkish Cultural Foundation Finkel Caroline Osman s Dream Basic Books 2005 57 Istanbul was only adopted as the city s official name in 1930 Goyunc Nejat Turkish Armenian Cultural Relations at the Wayback Machine archived 22 March 2003 Turkish National Assembly n d Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Balyan family amp oldid 1222676066 Krikor Balyan, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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