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Kōshirō Onchi

March 13, 2024

Kōshirō Onchi (恩地 孝四郎, Onchi Kōshirō, 2 July 1891 – 3 June 1955), born in Tokyo, was a Japanese print-maker. He was the father of the sōsaku-hanga movement in twentieth century Japan, and a photographer. His work was part of the painting event in the art competition at the 1932 Summer Olympics.[1]

Kōshirō Onchi
恩地 孝四郎
Born(1891-07-02)2 July 1891
Tokyo, Empire of Japan
Died3 June 1955(1955-06-03) (aged 63)
Tokyo, Japan
NationalityJapanese
StyleSōsaku-hanga

Biography edit

Onchi came from an aristocratic family that had close connections with the imperial family. As a child, he received the same kind of education that a prince received.[citation needed] Onchi was trained in both traditional calligraphy and modern western art. After contacts with Takehisa Yumeji in 1909,[2] between 1910 and 1915, he studied oil painting and sculpture at the Tokyo School of Fine Arts (東京美術学校, Tōkyō Bijutsu Gakkō). In 1912, he founded the print and poetry magazine called "Tsukubae".

Onchi was also a book designer in the early days when it was impossible for sōsaku-hanga artists to survive by just doing creative prints. He designed over 1000 books in his career.[citation needed] In 1928 he joined with seven other sōsaku hanga artists to work on the 100 Views of New Tokyo series, to which he contributed thirteen prints. He was described as having the most "forceful personality" of the group, with the "widest intellectual interests and the deepest intellectual convictions."[3]

In 1939, he founded the First Thursday Society (一木会, Ichimokukai), which was crucial to the postwar revival of the sōsaku-hanga movement. The society held artist gatherings once a month in Onchi’s house. Members such as Gen Yamaguchi (1896–1976) and Sekino Jun'ichirō (1914–1988) discussed subjects of prints. The American connoisseurs Ernst Hacker, William Hartnett and Oliver Statler also attended. The First Thursday Collection (一木集, Ichimoku-shū), a collection of prints by members to circulate to each other, was produced in 1944. Through the First Thursday Society, Onchi provided aspiring young artists with resources and comradeship during the war years when resources were scarce and censorship severe. After the war, he emerged as the leader of the sōsaku-hanga movement that flourished in the international art scene.

Style and technique edit

Onchi's prints range from early representational to postwar abstract prints. As an early advocate of the sōsaku-hanga movement, Onchi believed that artistic creation originates from the self. He was more interested in expressing subjective emotions through abstract prints than in replicating images and forms in the objective world. His prints evoke lyrical and poetic mood. He said:

Art is not to be understood by the mind but by the heart. If we go back to its origin, painting is expressed in color and form by the heart, and it should never be limited to a world of reflected forms captured by visual sense. Therefore, expression of the heart through color and forms separated from color and form in the real world is that true realm of painting. I will for the time call this type of work the 'lyrique'.[citation needed]

Onchi innovated by incorporating fabrics, string, paper blocks, fish fins, and leaves in his prints.

  •  
    Portrait of Sakutarō Hagiwara, woodblock print, 1943
  •  
    Fool, 1914
  •  
    Before the Mirror, 1928
  •  
    Tokyo Station, between 1928 and 1932
  •  
    Cherry Blossom Time, 1946
  •  
    Lyric No. 23, 1952

Photography edit

From around 1932, Onchi worked on the design of a number of books about photography published by Genkōsha (玄光社) and Ars. He also became interested in photography. Through the 1930s and 1940s, Onchi worked in the spirit of shinkō shashin. He worked on plants, animals and objets, and also created photograms.[2]

Onchi was sent to China in 1939 and later the same year returned to Tokyo and had an exhibition of his Chinese works.[2]

Onchi exhibited his photograms in 1951 but otherwise dropped out of photography. He died in Tokyo on 3 June 1955.[2]

Collections edit

Onchi's works are held in several museums worldwide, including the National Museum of Modern Art, Tokyo,[4] the National Museum of Modern Art, Kyoto,[4] the University of Michigan Museum of Art,[5] the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston,[6] the Smart Museum of Art,[7] the British Museum,[8] the Museum of Modern Art,[9] the Portland Art Museum,[10] the Saint Louis Art Museum,[11] the Brooklyn Museum,[12] the Worcester Art Museum,[13] the Harvard Art Museums,[14] and the Art Gallery of New South Wales.[15]

Notes edit

  1. ^ "Kōshirō Onchi". Olympedia. Retrieved 2 August 2020.
  2. ^ a b c d Jinbo, "Onchi Kōshirō".
  3. ^ Austin, James B. (1966). "Shin Tokyo Hyakkei: The Eastern Capital Revisited by the Modern Print Artists". Ukiyo-e Art a Journal of the Japan Ukiyo-e Society (14).
  4. ^ a b "The Independent Administrative Institution National Museum of Art - Collections". search.artmuseums.go.jp. Retrieved 2021-02-19.
  5. ^ "Exchange: Family of the Mountain". exchange.umma.umich.edu. Retrieved 2021-02-19.
  6. ^ "Diving". collections.mfa.org. Retrieved 2021-02-19.
  7. ^ "Onchi Koshiro". smartcollection.uchicago.edu. Retrieved 2021-02-19.
  8. ^ "illustrated book; print | British Museum". The British Museum. Retrieved 2021-02-19.
  9. ^ "Koshiro Onchi. Plate (folio 7, recto) from Umi no dowa. 1934 | MoMA". The Museum of Modern Art. Retrieved 2021-02-19.
  10. ^ "Onchi Kōshirō". portlandartmuseum.us. Retrieved 2021-02-19.
  11. ^ "Impression of a Violinist (Portrait of Suwa Nejiko)". Saint Louis Art Museum. Retrieved 2021-02-19.
  12. ^ "Brooklyn Museum". www.brooklynmuseum.org. Retrieved 2021-02-19.
  13. ^ "Fable of the Sea (Umi no dowa)". worcester.emuseum.com. Retrieved 2021-02-19.
  14. ^ Harvard. "From the Harvard Art Museums' collections Portrait of the Artist Onchi Kōshirō". harvardartmuseums.org. Retrieved 2021-02-19.
  15. ^ "A face, 1914 by Onchi Kōshirō". www.artgallery.nsw.gov.au. Retrieved 2021-02-19.

References edit

  • Jinbo Kyōko (神保京子). "Onchi Kōshirō". In Nihon shashinka jiten (日本写真家事典) / 328 Outstanding Japanese Photographers. Tokyo: Tankōsha, 2000. ISBN 4-473-01750-8. (in Japanese)
  • Swinton, Elizabeth de Sabato. The Graphic Art of Onchi Kôshirô: Innovation and Tradition. New York: Garland Press, 1986.

External links edit

  • Onchi's works at Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco
  • Biography at British Museum

March 13, 2024
kōshirō, onchi, 恩地, 孝四郎, onchi, kōshirō, july, 1891, june, 1955, born, tokyo, japanese, print, maker, father, sōsaku, hanga, movement, twentieth, century, japan, photographer, work, part, painting, event, competition, 1932, summer, olympics, 恩地, 孝四郎born, 1891,. Kōshirō Onchi 恩地 孝四郎 Onchi Kōshirō 2 July 1891 3 June 1955 born in Tokyo was a Japanese print maker He was the father of the sōsaku hanga movement in twentieth century Japan and a photographer His work was part of the painting event in the art competition at the 1932 Summer Olympics 1 Kōshirō Onchi恩地 孝四郎Born 1891 07 02 2 July 1891Tokyo Empire of JapanDied3 June 1955 1955 06 03 aged 63 Tokyo JapanNationalityJapaneseStyleSōsaku hanga Contents 1 Biography 2 Style and technique 3 Photography 4 Collections 5 Notes 6 References 7 External linksBiography editOnchi came from an aristocratic family that had close connections with the imperial family As a child he received the same kind of education that a prince received citation needed Onchi was trained in both traditional calligraphy and modern western art After contacts with Takehisa Yumeji in 1909 2 between 1910 and 1915 he studied oil painting and sculpture at the Tokyo School of Fine Arts 東京美術学校 Tōkyō Bijutsu Gakkō In 1912 he founded the print and poetry magazine called Tsukubae Onchi was also a book designer in the early days when it was impossible for sōsaku hanga artists to survive by just doing creative prints He designed over 1000 books in his career citation needed In 1928 he joined with seven other sōsaku hanga artists to work on the 100 Views of New Tokyo series to which he contributed thirteen prints He was described as having the most forceful personality of the group with the widest intellectual interests and the deepest intellectual convictions 3 In 1939 he founded the First Thursday Society 一木会 Ichimokukai which was crucial to the postwar revival of the sōsaku hanga movement The society held artist gatherings once a month in Onchi s house Members such as Gen Yamaguchi 1896 1976 and Sekino Jun ichirō 1914 1988 discussed subjects of prints The American connoisseurs Ernst Hacker William Hartnett and Oliver Statler also attended The First Thursday Collection 一木集 Ichimoku shu a collection of prints by members to circulate to each other was produced in 1944 Through the First Thursday Society Onchi provided aspiring young artists with resources and comradeship during the war years when resources were scarce and censorship severe After the war he emerged as the leader of the sōsaku hanga movement that flourished in the international art scene Style and technique editOnchi s prints range from early representational to postwar abstract prints As an early advocate of the sōsaku hanga movement Onchi believed that artistic creation originates from the self He was more interested in expressing subjective emotions through abstract prints than in replicating images and forms in the objective world His prints evoke lyrical and poetic mood He said Art is not to be understood by the mind but by the heart If we go back to its origin painting is expressed in color and form by the heart and it should never be limited to a world of reflected forms captured by visual sense Therefore expression of the heart through color and forms separated from color and form in the real world is that true realm of painting I will for the time call this type of work the lyrique citation needed Onchi innovated by incorporating fabrics string paper blocks fish fins and leaves in his prints nbsp Portrait of Sakutarō Hagiwara woodblock print 1943 nbsp Fool 1914 nbsp Before the Mirror 1928 nbsp Tokyo Station between 1928 and 1932 nbsp Cherry Blossom Time 1946 nbsp Lyric No 23 1952Photography editFrom around 1932 Onchi worked on the design of a number of books about photography published by Genkōsha 玄光社 and Ars He also became interested in photography Through the 1930s and 1940s Onchi worked in the spirit of shinkō shashin He worked on plants animals and objets and also created photograms 2 Onchi was sent to China in 1939 and later the same year returned to Tokyo and had an exhibition of his Chinese works 2 Onchi exhibited his photograms in 1951 but otherwise dropped out of photography He died in Tokyo on 3 June 1955 2 Collections editOnchi s works are held in several museums worldwide including the National Museum of Modern Art Tokyo 4 the National Museum of Modern Art Kyoto 4 the University of Michigan Museum of Art 5 the Museum of Fine Arts Boston 6 the Smart Museum of Art 7 the British Museum 8 the Museum of Modern Art 9 the Portland Art Museum 10 the Saint Louis Art Museum 11 the Brooklyn Museum 12 the Worcester Art Museum 13 the Harvard Art Museums 14 and the Art Gallery of New South Wales 15 Notes edit Kōshirō Onchi Olympedia Retrieved 2 August 2020 a b c d Jinbo Onchi Kōshirō Austin James B 1966 Shin Tokyo Hyakkei The Eastern Capital Revisited by the Modern Print Artists Ukiyo e Art a Journal of the Japan Ukiyo e Society 14 a b The Independent Administrative Institution National Museum of Art Collections search artmuseums go jp Retrieved 2021 02 19 Exchange Family of the Mountain exchange umma umich edu Retrieved 2021 02 19 Diving collections mfa org Retrieved 2021 02 19 Onchi Koshiro smartcollection uchicago edu Retrieved 2021 02 19 illustrated book print British Museum The British Museum Retrieved 2021 02 19 Koshiro Onchi Plate folio 7 recto from Umi no dowa 1934 MoMA The Museum of Modern Art Retrieved 2021 02 19 Onchi Kōshirō portlandartmuseum us Retrieved 2021 02 19 Impression of a Violinist Portrait of Suwa Nejiko Saint Louis Art Museum Retrieved 2021 02 19 Brooklyn Museum www brooklynmuseum org Retrieved 2021 02 19 Fable of the Sea Umi no dowa worcester emuseum com Retrieved 2021 02 19 Harvard From the Harvard Art Museums collections Portrait of the Artist Onchi Kōshirō harvardartmuseums org Retrieved 2021 02 19 A face 1914 by Onchi Kōshirō www artgallery nsw gov au Retrieved 2021 02 19 References editJinbo Kyōko 神保京子 Onchi Kōshirō In Nihon shashinka jiten 日本写真家事典 328 Outstanding Japanese Photographers Tokyo Tankōsha 2000 ISBN 4 473 01750 8 in Japanese Swinton Elizabeth de Sabato The Graphic Art of Onchi Koshiro Innovation and Tradition New York Garland Press 1986 External links editOnchi s works at Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco Biography at British Museum Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Kōshirō Onchi amp oldid 1162853004, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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