A kora-kora or kora kora or coracora is a traditional canoe from the Maluku (Moluccas) Islands, Indonesia. They are naval boat for carrying men on raids for plunder or for slaves. In Maritime Southeast Asia, raiding for slaves was an honourable way of making a living, and the kora kora was needed for defence against raids as well as for forays.[1] Large kora-kora is called juanga or joanga.[2]
Kora-kora fleet from Ternate and Tidore bound for Ambon. 1817.
The origin of the name is unknown, but it has been proposed that it may have been derived from the Arabic "قُرقور" qorqora, the plural of qarâqir,[3] meaning "large merchant ship". It is also likely that the origin of the names are native, with the meaning lost through time, as other Austronesian vessels with no contact with Arab traders also bear similar names like the Ivatankarakuhan and the Marshallesekorkor.[4][5] The term may also comes from Spanish or Portuguesecarraca, but in the oldest Portuguese and Spanish accounts of the Moluccas reports caracora, coracora, carcoa, but never carraca. De Morga not only says expressly that it is a word used by the Tagalog people of Mindoro, Marinduque, and Luzon, but that it is also a true Malayo-Polynesian word: In the Malay Peninsula: kolek (a small fishing boat); Amboina: kolekole, Mota (Banks Islands): kora, San Cristoval (South Solomons): ora.[6]
Descriptionsedit
A Dutch kora-kora with mainsail.
It is approximately ten metres long and very narrow,[7] quite open, very low, and weighs about four tons.[8] It had outriggers of bamboo about five feet off each side, which supported a bamboo platform extending the whole length of the vessel.[8] On the extreme outside of this sit the twenty rowers (overall it needs 40 paddlers),[8][9] while within was a convenient passage fore and aft. The middle portion of the boat is covered with a thatch-house, in which baggage and passengers are stowed. The gunwale is not more than a foot above water, and suffer the great top and side weight.[8]
This boat is used for both trade and warfare. Bigger kora-koras were used as war vessels during the war with the Dutch in the Banda Islands during the 17th century. Since ancient times the steerer and paddlers of these traditional Moluccan rowing boats yelled "MenaMuria", to synchronise their strokes during off shore expeditions. This literally means 'Front - Back', but is also translated to "I go - We follow" or "One for all - All for One".
Some of the bigger rowing boats could have over 100 rowers and when used on the maritime war path, during for instance a so-called hongitocht (war expeditions for the Dutch East India Company during the 17th century), the approach of the kora kora struck fear in the hearts of the villagers from the attacked coastal village.[10]
According to Robert Dick-Read, every leader in the Maluku region has its own ship, the leader's status depends on the number of slaves, who come from a distant island, which he captures and collects. Each ship is rowed by 300 rowers, supported by men armed with spears, blowgun, arrows, and swords in a higher fighting platform called balai. The vessel has two steering wheels on the side, a tall pole in the stern and bow that decorated with ribbons. In the past, these poles were adorned with conquered enemy heads.[11]
^Instituut voor Nederlandse Geschiedenis - VOC-Glossarium bezocht 5 juli 2008
^Charles P.G. Scott (1896). "The Malayan Words in English (First Part)". Journal of the American Oriental Society. 17: 93–144.
^Raymond Arveiller (1999). Max Pfister (ed.). Addenda au FEW XIX (Orientalia). Beihefte zur Zeitschrift für romanische Philologie. Vol. 298. Max Niemeyer. p. 174. ISBN9783110927719.
^Folkard, H. C. (1901). The Sailing Boat 5th edition. London: Edward Stanford.
^Dick-Read, Robert (2008). Penjelajah Bahari: pengaruh peradaban Nusantara di Afrika. PT Mizan Publika. p. 67.
^Budi, Candra Setia (2019). "5 Fakta di Balik Jatuhnya Wahana Kora-kora, 1 Orang Tewas hingga Operator Ditetapkan Tersangka". Kompas.com. Retrieved 11 February 2021. "Wahana Kora-kora" (Kora-kora attraction) refers to a swinging ship ride.
Further readingedit
The Lashed-lug Boat of the Eastern Archipelagoes, the Alcina MS and the Lomblen Whaling Boats. By G. Adrian Horridge. Greenwich, London: National Maritime Museum. Maritime Monographs and Reports No. 54, 1982. Illustrations, Notes, References.
December 15, 2023
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A kora kora or kora kora or coracora is a traditional canoe from the Maluku Moluccas Islands Indonesia They are naval boat for carrying men on raids for plunder or for slaves In Maritime Southeast Asia raiding for slaves was an honourable way of making a living and the kora kora was needed for defence against raids as well as for forays 1 Large kora kora is called juanga or joanga 2 Kora kora fleet from Ternate and Tidore bound for Ambon 1817 Contents 1 Etymology 2 Descriptions 3 In popular culture 4 Gallery 5 See also 6 References 7 Further readingEtymology editThe origin of the name is unknown but it has been proposed that it may have been derived from the Arabic ق رقور qorqora the plural of qaraqir 3 meaning large merchant ship It is also likely that the origin of the names are native with the meaning lost through time as other Austronesian vessels with no contact with Arab traders also bear similar names like the Ivatan karakuhan and the Marshallese korkor 4 5 The term may also comes from Spanish or Portuguese carraca but in the oldest Portuguese and Spanish accounts of the Moluccas reports caracora coracora carcoa but never carraca De Morga not only says expressly that it is a word used by the Tagalog people of Mindoro Marinduque and Luzon but that it is also a true Malayo Polynesian word In the Malay Peninsula kolek a small fishing boat Amboina kolekole Mota Banks Islands kora San Cristoval South Solomons ora 6 Descriptions edit nbsp A Dutch kora kora with mainsail It is approximately ten metres long and very narrow 7 quite open very low and weighs about four tons 8 It had outriggers of bamboo about five feet off each side which supported a bamboo platform extending the whole length of the vessel 8 On the extreme outside of this sit the twenty rowers overall it needs 40 paddlers 8 9 while within was a convenient passage fore and aft The middle portion of the boat is covered with a thatch house in which baggage and passengers are stowed The gunwale is not more than a foot above water and suffer the great top and side weight 8 This boat is used for both trade and warfare Bigger kora koras were used as war vessels during the war with the Dutch in the Banda Islands during the 17th century Since ancient times the steerer and paddlers of these traditional Moluccan rowing boats yelled Mena Muria to synchronise their strokes during off shore expeditions This literally means Front Back but is also translated to I go We follow or One for all All for One Some of the bigger rowing boats could have over 100 rowers and when used on the maritime war path during for instance a so called hongitocht war expeditions for the Dutch East India Company during the 17th century the approach of the kora kora struck fear in the hearts of the villagers from the attacked coastal village 10 According to Robert Dick Read every leader in the Maluku region has its own ship the leader s status depends on the number of slaves who come from a distant island which he captures and collects Each ship is rowed by 300 rowers supported by men armed with spears blowgun arrows and swords in a higher fighting platform called balai The vessel has two steering wheels on the side a tall pole in the stern and bow that decorated with ribbons In the past these poles were adorned with conquered enemy heads 11 In popular culture editKora Kora a swinging ship ride in Dunia Fantasi theme park at Ancol Dreamland Jakarta is named after the canoe and become the metonym of any such ride in Indonesia 12 Gallery edit nbsp King of Ternate s kora kora with 7 cannons The king s luxury bed can be seen nbsp A kora kora from Halmahera Maluku Islands c 1920 with a tanja sail nbsp 1863 illustration of a kora kora warship in Maluku nbsp A 1726 depiction of a large kora kora from Nusa LautSee also edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Kora kora Orembai Karakoa similar warships from the Philippines Borobudur ship Pinisi Kakap Culture of IndonesiaReferences edit Horridge 1982 p 36 Horridge 1982 p 37 and 70 Instituut voor Nederlandse Geschiedenis VOC Glossarium bezocht 5 juli 2008 Charles P G Scott 1896 The Malayan Words in English First Part Journal of the American Oriental Society 17 93 144 Raymond Arveiller 1999 Max Pfister ed Addenda au FEW XIX Orientalia Beihefte zur Zeitschrift fur romanische Philologie Vol 298 Max Niemeyer p 174 ISBN 9783110927719 Folkard H C 1901 The Sailing Boat 5th edition London Edward Stanford in Dutch National archive permanent dead link a b c d Authorama Archived from the original on 2008 06 08 Retrieved 2007 11 30 Spice Islands voyage Clive Moore New Guinea Crossing Boundaries and History University of Hawai i Press Honolulu pp 97 98 Dick Read Robert 2008 Penjelajah Bahari pengaruh peradaban Nusantara di Afrika PT Mizan Publika p 67 Budi Candra Setia 2019 5 Fakta di Balik Jatuhnya Wahana Kora kora 1 Orang Tewas hingga Operator Ditetapkan Tersangka Kompas com Retrieved 11 February 2021 Wahana Kora kora Kora kora attraction refers to a swinging ship ride Further reading editThe Lashed lug Boat of the Eastern Archipelagoes the Alcina MS and the Lomblen Whaling Boats By G Adrian Horridge Greenwich London National Maritime Museum Maritime Monographs and Reports No 54 1982 Illustrations Notes References Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Kora kora amp oldid 1156041737, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
