Klawdziy Duzh-Dushewski

Kłaŭdzij Sciapanavič Duž-Dušeŭski (Belarusian: Клаўдзій Сцяпанавіч Дуж-Душэўскі, Lithuanian: Klaudijus Dušauskas-Duž, Russian: Клавдий Степанович Дуж-Душевский; 27 March 1891 – 25 February 1959) was a Belarusian civil engineer, architect, diplomat and journalist. He is believed to be the creator of the Flag of Belarus in 1917.

Klawdzi Duzh-Dushewski
Born	(1891-03-27)27 March 1891 Hlybokaye, Vilna Governorate, Russian Empire
Died	25 February 1959(1959-02-25) (aged 67) Vilnius, Lithuanian SSR, Soviet Union
Resting place	Petrašiūnai Cemetery, Kaunas
Nationality	Belarusian
Education	Petersburg Mining Institute Civil Engineer: University of Lithuania (faculty reorganized in Kaunas University of Technology)
Occupation(s)	civil engineer, architect, diplomat and journalist
Known for	Designing the first flag of Belarus Protecting Jews in World War II

The flag of Belarus presumably designed by Duzh-Dushewski

Klawdziy Duzh-Dushewski with Kastus Yezavitaw, December 1919 in Riga

Grave of Klawdziy Duzh-Dushewski in Kaunas

Life

Duzh-Dushewski was born into an impoverished family of the Lithuanian nobility. In 1912 he graduated the Vilnius non-classical secondary school where he had joined the Belarusian national movement. In 1912–1918 Duzh-Dushewski studied in the Saint Petersburg Mining Institute. Being in St. Petersburg, he also took part in Belarusian social life. For instance, he was editor of the Belarusian magazine Ranica.^{[citation needed]}

In 1917 he joined the Belarusian Socialist Assembly. In 1918 he worked at the Refugee Assistance Department of the Belarusian National Committee in St. Petersburg. At that time, according to his own memories, he created the draft of the white-red-white flag of Belarus that was very quickly adopted by the Belarusian national movement throughout the European part of the former Russian Empire and later adopted as the state flag of the Belarusian Democratic Republic.

In 1919 he moved to Vilnius. In autumn 1919 he was appointed diplomatic representative of the Belarusian Democratic Republic in the Baltic states. In early 1921 he was arrested by Polish authorities.^{[citation needed]}

After that he emigrated to Lithuania and settled in Kaunas. In the 1920s–1930s he worked for several ministries there. In 1927 he graduated from the University of Lithuania in Kaunas as Civil Engineer. He also edited several Belarusian newspapers in Lithuania.^{[citation needed]}

In 1940 he was arrested by the Soviets who had occupied Lithuania. In August 1943 he was arrested by the Nazis for hiding Jews. He was put into the Pravieniškės labor camp.^[1] On April 13, 2004, Duzh-Dushewski was posthumously awarded the Cross of Rescue of the Perishing by the President of Lithuania. This happened at the request of the Jewish community of Lithuania for his service to the community during the war.^[2][3]

In 1944–1946 he worked at the Kaunas University.^[4]

In 1952 he was arrested and sentenced to 25 years of concentration camps for being an "active Belarusian nationalist".^[5] He was freed in 1955 and worked for an architectural institute until his death a few years later.^[6]

References

1. Клавдий-строитель
2. Apdovanotų asmenų duomenų bazė
3. «Мы заўсёды будзем яму ўдзячныя». Як стваральнік бел-чырвона-белага сьцяга ўратаваў габрэйскую дзяўчынку ад Галакосту
4. Душэўскі (Дуж-Душэўскі) Клаўдзій Сцяпанавіч (in Belarusian)
5. RFE/RL, Імёны Свабоды. Клаўдзі Дуж-Душэўскі
6. Иоффе, Эммануил Григорьевич (2018). "К. С. Душевский о белорусско-польских отношениях в 1920—1921 гг" (PDF). Белорусско-российские отношения на современном этапе: состояние и перспективы развития (in Russian): 148–151. Retrieved 25 August 2020.

External links

• Arche, Дзяржаўная сымболіка Беларускай Народнай Рэспублікі^{[permanent dead link]}
• Nasha Niva,
• RFE/RL, Імёны Свабоды. Клаўдзі Дуж-Душэўскі