A binary explosive or two-component explosive is an explosive consisting of two components, neither of which is explosive by itself, which have to be mixed in order to become explosive. Examples of common binary explosives include Oxyliquit (liquid oxygen/combustible powder), ANFO (ammonium nitrate/fuel oil), Kinestik (ammonium nitrate/nitromethane), Tannerite and ammonal (ammonium nitrate/aluminum), and FIXOR (nitroethane/physical sensitizer).
Binary explosives are often used in commercial applications because of their greater handling safety.[1]
In the United States, in states where a stricter rule is not in place (see below), ATF regulations allow the components of some binary explosives to be legally purchased, when neither one is an explosive by itself.[2] ATF advises: "Persons manufacturing explosives for their own personal, non-business use only (e.g., personal target practice) are not required to have a Federal explosives license or permit." A prohibited person (a person barred by federal law from buying or owning a firearm) cannot legally possess mixed explosives. Explosives for lawful target practice must be used once mixed: any transport, storage or commercial use of mixed explosives falls under federal explosives laws,[3] and cannot be transported in mixed form without following strict regulations including insurance, packaging, signage on the transport vehicle, storage magazines, etc.
Various regulations also govern the storage of unmixed explosives. As oxidizers and combustibles, the unmixed components still have some shipping restrictions in the United States.[4][5]
A Maryland law intended specifically to ban the sale or ownership of consumer products containing binary explosive components (such as Tannerite brand rifle targets) became effective on October 1, 2012, and expanded the definition of an explosive to include, in addition to "bombs and destructive devices designed to operate by chemical, mechanical, or explosive action", "two or more components that are advertised and sold together with instructions on how to combine the components to create an explosive".[6]
On August 5, 2013, the United States Forest Service (USFS) and the U.S. Attorney's office in Denver announced that the USFS is implementing a closure order to prohibit the use of unpermitted explosives, particularly exploding targets, on all USFS lands in the Rocky Mountain Region. This region includes national forests and grasslands in the states of Colorado, Wyoming, Kansas, Nebraska, and South Dakota. According to the USFS, at least 16 wildfires in the Western states had been associated with exploding targets. It cost more than $33 million to extinguish the fires.[7] Such a ban has already been implemented by the USFS in Washington, Oregon and Montana. The Bureau of Land Management has banned the use of all exploding targets on BLM land in Utah.[8]
In New York State, a 2020 law included binary explosives, including Tannerite, in the definition of "explosives" that require a permit for their purchase, ownership, possession, transportation, or use within the state.[9][10]
^Mike M. Ahlers and Rene Marsh (September 6, 2013). "Exploding targets: shooting aid or a 'bomb kit for dummies?'". CNN. Retrieved September 8, 2013.
^(PDF). United States Department of the Interior. November 18, 2013. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 4, 2016. Retrieved September 18, 2016. Acts prohibited under this order include the following:The non-commercial use/discharge of explosives of any kind, incendiary or chemical devices, pyrotechnic devices or exploding targets.
^"NY Laws Chapter 55 of 2020, Part XX, Subpart F". New York State Assembly, Bill Search and Legislative Information. Retrieved August 27, 2021.
^"New York State Labor Law, Section 458". New York State Senate. Retrieved August 27, 2021.
External links
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, from a presentation by the N. C. Dept. of Transportation
February 02, 2023
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A binary explosive or two component explosive is an explosive consisting of two components neither of which is explosive by itself which have to be mixed in order to become explosive Examples of common binary explosives include Oxyliquit liquid oxygen combustible powder ANFO ammonium nitrate fuel oil Kinestik ammonium nitrate nitromethane Tannerite and ammonal ammonium nitrate aluminum and FIXOR nitroethane physical sensitizer Binary explosives are often used in commercial applications because of their greater handling safety 1 Contents 1 United States law 2 See also 3 References 4 External linksUnited States law EditIn the United States in states where a stricter rule is not in place see below ATF regulations allow the components of some binary explosives to be legally purchased when neither one is an explosive by itself 2 ATF advises Persons manufacturing explosives for their own personal non business use only e g personal target practice are not required to have a Federal explosives license or permit A prohibited person a person barred by federal law from buying or owning a firearm cannot legally possess mixed explosives Explosives for lawful target practice must be used once mixed any transport storage or commercial use of mixed explosives falls under federal explosives laws 3 and cannot be transported in mixed form without following strict regulations including insurance packaging signage on the transport vehicle storage magazines etc Various regulations also govern the storage of unmixed explosives As oxidizers and combustibles the unmixed components still have some shipping restrictions in the United States 4 5 A Maryland law intended specifically to ban the sale or ownership of consumer products containing binary explosive components such as Tannerite brand rifle targets became effective on October 1 2012 and expanded the definition of an explosive to include in addition to bombs and destructive devices designed to operate by chemical mechanical or explosive action two or more components that are advertised and sold together with instructions on how to combine the components to create an explosive 6 On August 5 2013 the United States Forest Service USFS and the U S Attorney s office in Denver announced that the USFS is implementing a closure order to prohibit the use of unpermitted explosives particularly exploding targets on all USFS lands in the Rocky Mountain Region This region includes national forests and grasslands in the states of Colorado Wyoming Kansas Nebraska and South Dakota According to the USFS at least 16 wildfires in the Western states had been associated with exploding targets It cost more than 33 million to extinguish the fires 7 Such a ban has already been implemented by the USFS in Washington Oregon and Montana The Bureau of Land Management has banned the use of all exploding targets on BLM land in Utah 8 In New York State a 2020 law included binary explosives including Tannerite in the definition of explosives that require a permit for their purchase ownership possession transportation or use within the state 9 10 See also EditBinary chemical weapon Category Binary explosivesReferences Edit Feds keep closer eye on legal explosives with potential for misuse azcentral com 2017 01 18 Retrieved 2020 03 31 Federal Explosives Law and Regulations Questions and Answers Bureau of Alcohol Tobacco Firearms and Explosives November 2007 p 4 Archived from the original on October 8 2009 Retrieved March 11 2009 Bureau of Alcohol Tobacco Firearms and Explosives Binary Explosives atf gov 22 Sep 2016 344 Flammable Solids Hazard Class 4 USPS 345 Oxidizing Substances Organic Peroxides Hazard Class 5 USPS Maryland House Bill 875 May 22 2012 Mike M Ahlers and Rene Marsh September 6 2013 Exploding targets shooting aid or a bomb kit for dummies CNN Retrieved September 8 2013 FIRE PREVENTION ORDER UTAH BLM LANDS PDF United States Department of the Interior November 18 2013 Archived from the original PDF on March 4 2016 Retrieved September 18 2016 Acts prohibited under this order include the following The non commercial use discharge of explosives of any kind incendiary or chemical devices pyrotechnic devices or exploding targets NY Laws Chapter 55 of 2020 Part XX Subpart F New York State Assembly Bill Search and Legislative Information Retrieved August 27 2021 New York State Labor Law Section 458 New York State Senate Retrieved August 27 2021 External links EditTypes of Explosives Archived page FIXOR a commercial binary explosive sold for mine clearance Binary Two Component Explosives from a presentation by the N C Dept of Transportation Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Binary explosive amp oldid 1107648788, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
