A khutor (Russian: хутор, IPA:[ˈxutər]) or khutir (Ukrainian: хутiр, pl. хутори, khutory) is a type of rural locality in some countries of Eastern Europe; in the past the term mostly referred to a single-homestead settlement.[1][2] The term can be translated as "hamlet".[3][4]
They existed in Cossack-settled lands that encompassed today's Ukraine, Kuban, and the lower Don River basin while in Kuban and Don region the word khutor was also used to describe new settlements (irrespective of the number of homesteads) which had detached themselves from stanitsas.[5] In some Cossack communities, these types of settlements were referred to as posyolok (Russian: посёлок) or selyshche (Ukrainian: селище). In Russia the term "выселки" (vyselki, literally, "those who moved away") was also used. Khutor remains the official designation of many Russian villages in these regions.
During the Stolypin reforms in the Russian empire, Peter Stolypin envisaged rich peasants "privatising" their share of the community (obshchina (Russian: община) or tovarystvo (Ukrainian: товариство)) lands, leaving the obshchinas, and settling in khutors on their now individually owned land. A less radical concept was that of an otrub (отруб) or vidrub: a section of formerly obshchina land, whose owner has left the obshchina but still continued to live in the village and to "commute" to his land.[6] By 1910 the share of khutors and otrubs among all rural households in the European part of Russia was estimated at 10.5%. These were practically eliminated during the collectivisation in the USSR.[1]
The origin of the word is not entirely clear. Borrowing from Hungarian is assumed. határ "border, border", to which the Slavs are reduced. határ "border, edge", Serbo-Croatian. khȁtȃr "land belonging to the village", Ukrainian hotar.[7]
According to Max Fassmer, the word entered the East Slavic languages from Old Upper German.
In literatureedit
Number of khutors by region in Russia
Nikolai Gogol's first major work is called Evenings on a Farm Near Dikanka, where "farm" is a translation of "khutor" (Russian: Вечера на хуторе близ Диканьки, Vechera na khutore bliz Dikanki).
^Хутір // Етимологічний словник української мови : в 7 т. / редкол.: О. С. Мельничук (гол. ред.) та ін. — Київ: Наукова думка, 2012. — Т. 6: У — Я. — С. 224. — ISBN 978-966-00-0197-8.
February 15, 2024
khutor, khutor, russian, хутор, ˈxutər, khutir, ukrainian, хутiр, хутори, khutory, type, rural, locality, some, countries, eastern, europe, past, term, mostly, referred, single, homestead, settlement, term, translated, hamlet, konstantin, kryzhitsky, khutir, l. A khutor Russian hutor IPA ˈxuter or khutir Ukrainian hutir pl hutori khutory is a type of rural locality in some countries of Eastern Europe in the past the term mostly referred to a single homestead settlement 1 2 The term can be translated as hamlet 3 4 Konstantin Kryzhitsky A Khutir in Little Russia 1884They existed in Cossack settled lands that encompassed today s Ukraine Kuban and the lower Don River basin while in Kuban and Don region the word khutor was also used to describe new settlements irrespective of the number of homesteads which had detached themselves from stanitsas 5 In some Cossack communities these types of settlements were referred to as posyolok Russian posyolok or selyshche Ukrainian selishe In Russia the term vyselki vyselki literally those who moved away was also used Khutor remains the official designation of many Russian villages in these regions During the Stolypin reforms in the Russian empire Peter Stolypin envisaged rich peasants privatising their share of the community obshchina Russian obshina or tovarystvo Ukrainian tovaristvo lands leaving the obshchinas and settling in khutors on their now individually owned land A less radical concept was that of an otrub otrub or vidrub a section of formerly obshchina land whose owner has left the obshchina but still continued to live in the village and to commute to his land 6 By 1910 the share of khutors and otrubs among all rural households in the European part of Russia was estimated at 10 5 These were practically eliminated during the collectivisation in the USSR 1 Contents 1 Linguistic origin 2 In literature 3 See also 4 ReferencesLinguistic origin editThe origin of the word is not entirely clear Borrowing from Hungarian is assumed hatar border border to which the Slavs are reduced hatar border edge Serbo Croatian khȁtȃr land belonging to the village Ukrainian hotar 7 According to Max Fassmer the word entered the East Slavic languages from Old Upper German In literature edit nbsp Number of khutors by region in RussiaNikolai Gogol s first major work is called Evenings on a Farm Near Dikanka where farm is a translation of khutor Russian Vechera na hutore bliz Dikanki Vechera na khutore bliz Dikanki See also editRanchReferences edit a b Khutor from the Great Soviet Encyclopedia in Russian Khutor from the Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary in Russian Ukrayinsko anglijskij pereklad hutir ABBYY Lingvo Online Rosijsko anglijskij pereklad hutor ABBYY Lingvo Online Khutir at the Encyclopedia of Ukraine Otrub from the Great Soviet Encyclopedia in Russian Hutir Etimologichnij slovnik ukrayinskoyi movi v 7 t redkol O S Melnichuk gol red ta in Kiyiv Naukova dumka 2012 T 6 U Ya S 224 ISBN 978 966 00 0197 8 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Khutor amp oldid 1143756907, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
