The Chalyzians or Khalyzians (Arabic: Khalis, Khwarezmian: Khwalis, Byzantine Greek: Χαλίσιοι, Khalisioi, Magyar: Kálizok, also known in German sources as Kolzen, Koltzil, Kotziler and Cozlones) were the people mentioned in various Medieval sources (including the 12th-century Byzantine historian John Kinnamos) of Halych.
Kinnamos in his epitome twice mentions Khalisioi in the Hungarian army. He first describes them as practising Mosaic law; though whether they were actually Jews is debated, as other sources state that they were Muslims. They were said to have fought against the Byzantine Empire as allies of the tribes of Dalmatia in 1154, during Manuel Comnenus's campaign in the Balkans.
Prior to the years 889–92 some Khalis and Kabars (Kavars) of the Khazar realm had joined the Hungarian (Magyar) federation that had conquered and settled in Hungary. Another group had joined the Pechenegs. Al-Bakri (1014–1094) states that around 1068 A.D. there were considerable numbers of al-Khalis amongst the nomadic Muslim Pechenegs (Hungarian: Besenyő), that lived around the southern steppes of Russia.
He also mentions that the original al-Khalis living within the Khazar realm may have been foreign slaves from Byzantine Constantinople and/or other lands. The Pechenegs gave them the choice of staying in their country, where they could inter-marry or leave for another country of their choice. Anna Komnena in her Alexiad mentions a Pecheneg chief named Khalis.
Abraham Harkavy hypothesized that the Khalyzians were refugees fleeing the destruction of their khaganate by the Kievan Rus in the 960s AD and the Pecheneg influx which followed in the 970s. A contemporary of Harkavy's, the Polish historian August Bielowski [pl], suggested that the Khalyzians were identical with the tribe known in Russian sources as the Khvalisy; hence they may have been connected to the Arsiya.
The maternal ancestors of the Magyarized Pecheneg clan Aba, to which the Hungarian king Samuel Aba (1041–47) belonged, were according to Hungarian chronicles of Khwarazmian origin (de gente Corosmina, de Corosminis orta).
Khwarezm is a city in present-day Uzbekistan, in the former Persian province of Khorasan. Since it was part of the silk road, it was known internationally, and had several different names in several different languages, including Byzantine Greek who called the products of this city "khalisios", which was masculine for "of the city of Khalis."
A province of the Lower Volgaedit
The province of Khwalis (Khwali-As) on the lower Volga, was the realm of the trading Eastern Iranians; its twin city Amol/Atil, also called Sariycin/Khamlikh. It was ruled by a governor with the title of TarkhanAs-Tarkhan.
Source: Harvard Ukrainian Studies, Volume II, Number 3, September 1978, p.262 (Ukrainian Research Institute, Harvard University Cambridge, Massachusetts).
Towns named after the Kalizedit
Budakalász (Hungary), Kalász (Hungary/Slovakia), Halych (Ukraine), Kalasë (Albania) and numerous places in Russia (Kalasevo: Respublika Mordoviya), Iran (Kalash Garan: Ostan-e Lorestan), Afghanistan (Kalizeh: Velayat-e Helmand) and Punjab Pakistan (Kalis/Kalas).
khalyzians, this, article, includes, list, references, related, reading, external, links, sources, remain, unclear, because, lacks, inline, citations, please, help, improve, this, article, introducing, more, precise, citations, march, 2013, learn, when, remove. This article includes a list of references related reading or external links but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations Please help improve this article by introducing more precise citations March 2013 Learn how and when to remove this message The Chalyzians or Khalyzians Arabic Khalis Khwarezmian Khwalis Byzantine Greek Xalisioi Khalisioi Magyar Kalizok also known in German sources as Kolzen Koltzil Kotziler and Cozlones were the people mentioned in various Medieval sources including the 12th century Byzantine historian John Kinnamos of Halych Kinnamos in his epitome twice mentions Khalisioi in the Hungarian army He first describes them as practising Mosaic law though whether they were actually Jews is debated as other sources state that they were Muslims They were said to have fought against the Byzantine Empire as allies of the tribes of Dalmatia in 1154 during Manuel Comnenus s campaign in the Balkans Prior to the years 889 92 some Khalis and Kabars Kavars of the Khazar realm had joined the Hungarian Magyar federation that had conquered and settled in Hungary Another group had joined the Pechenegs Al Bakri 1014 1094 states that around 1068 A D there were considerable numbers of al Khalis amongst the nomadic Muslim Pechenegs Hungarian Besenyo that lived around the southern steppes of Russia He also mentions that the original al Khalis living within the Khazar realm may have been foreign slaves from Byzantine Constantinople and or other lands The Pechenegs gave them the choice of staying in their country where they could inter marry or leave for another country of their choice Anna Komnena in her Alexiad mentions a Pecheneg chief named Khalis Abraham Harkavy hypothesized that the Khalyzians were refugees fleeing the destruction of their khaganate by the Kievan Rus in the 960s AD and the Pecheneg influx which followed in the 970s A contemporary of Harkavy s the Polish historian August Bielowski pl suggested that the Khalyzians were identical with the tribe known in Russian sources as the Khvalisy hence they may have been connected to the Arsiya The maternal ancestors of the Magyarized Pecheneg clan Aba to which the Hungarian king Samuel Aba 1041 47 belonged were according to Hungarian chronicles of Khwarazmian origin de gente Corosmina de Corosminis orta Contents 1 The Khwarezmian connection 2 A province of the Lower Volga 3 Towns named after the Kaliz 4 See also 5 SourcesThe Khwarezmian connection editKhwarezm is a city in present day Uzbekistan in the former Persian province of Khorasan Since it was part of the silk road it was known internationally and had several different names in several different languages including Byzantine Greek who called the products of this city khalisios which was masculine for of the city of Khalis A province of the Lower Volga editThe province of Khwalis Khwali As on the lower Volga was the realm of the trading Eastern Iranians its twin city Amol Atil also called Sariycin Khamlikh It was ruled by a governor with the title of Tarkhan As Tarkhan Source Harvard Ukrainian Studies Volume II Number 3 September 1978 p 262 Ukrainian Research Institute Harvard University Cambridge Massachusetts Towns named after the Kaliz editBudakalasz Hungary Kalasz Hungary Slovakia Halych Ukraine Kalase Albania and numerous places in Russia Kalasevo Respublika Mordoviya Iran Kalash Garan Ostan e Lorestan Afghanistan Kalizeh Velayat e Helmand and Punjab Pakistan Kalis Kalas See also editBoszormeny Kankalis a clan of Pechenegs Besenyo Kabar Qarays and Karaim languageSources edit1901 1906 Jewish Encyclopedia Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Khalyzians amp oldid 1218487934, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
