Khalil Amine

Khalil Amine (born 1962) is a materials scientist at Argonne National Laboratory, an Argonne distinguished fellow, ^[1] and group leader of the Battery Technology group. His research team is focused ^[2] on the development of advanced battery systems for transportation applications. In addition to his Argonne appointment, he is an adjunct professor at Stanford University,^[3] Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University,^[4] Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, King Abdulaziz University, Hanyang University, and Peking University.

Khalil Amine
Born	(1962-12-01) December 1, 1962 (age 61) Morocco
Alma mater	University of Bordeaux
Organization(s)	Argonne National Laboratory, Stanford University, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University
Known for	development of advanced battery materials
Website	https://www.anl.gov/profile/khalil-amine

For his contributions in the field of electrochemical materials development,^[5] Amine was awarded the Global Energy Prize in 2019, and Scientific American's Top Worldwide 50 Research Leader Award in 2003.^[6] In 2017, Amine was chosen as a Fellow ^[7] of the Electrochemical Society. He is the founder and chairman^[8][9] of the Advanced Lithium Battery for Automotive Application (ABAA) global conference.

Early career and education

Amine received his^[4] Ph.D. in materials science in 1989^[4] from the University of Bordeaux in France. After completing his doctorate, Amine did postdoctoral studies at Katholieke Universiteit Leuven in Belgium. Moving to Japan in the early 1990s,^[4] Amine held various positions at Japan Storage Battery Company, the Osaka National Research Institute, and Kyoto University, before moving to Argonne National Laboratory in 1998.

Research

Lithium-Ion battery cathode materials

● Cathode materials based on the AB₂O₄ spinel structure have been studied extensively since the mid-1980s due to their stability, high lithium-ion diffusion, and large number of materials that crystallize with this stoichiometry. In 1996, Amine and co-workers reported the synthesis and electrochemistry of the ordered spinel LiNi_0.5Mn_1.5O₄ (1996), a cathode often called '5V spinel". Its notable for its stable high voltage with a typical capacity of 125 mAh/g. The compound operates using only the nickel content as the active redox species while the structure inhibits charge compensation by oxygen evolution.

● Amine and co-workers have been active in the studying the lithium-ion cathode materials termed NMC cathodes (patent issued 2005). The materials structure is based on intergrowths of constituent nano-domains of two closely related layered oxides. They are widely used cathode materials in consumer electronics and electric vehicles.^[10] NMC technology has been incorporated into multiple batteries types around the world including those that powered GM's Chevy Volt and Bolt.^{[11][12][13][14][15]} Depending on the lithium content, these materials show an activation step on the first charging cycle that creates a heterogeneous electrochemically active material with capacities greater than 220 mAh/g.

● One of the instabilities of NMC cathodes involves the redox activity of the highly charged cations at the surface against the solvent molecules of the organic electrolyte. In 2012 Amine and Prof Yang Kook Sun from Hanyang University, ^[16][17] reported an improvement over the standard NMC cathode by devising a synthetic strategy that slightly orders the constituent cations to create a gradient structure that allows for the surface to be less reactive than the bulk. An advanced version of the NMC cathode technology allows for a wide range of formulations and compositions^[18] to be created across each particle to increase both energy and stability at high voltage.^[17]

● Lithium-air technology, including a new series of catalysts (2007) developed with Larry Curtiss of Argonne National Laboratory for Lithium-air energy storage systems that increase reversibility, was developed to reduce the overpotential observed in air-based systems associated with the needed electron transfer reactions. ^{[19] [20]} In 2013 they improved on the system by developing a closed oxygen system that results in a significant simplification of the purification and storage system. The system stores energy in the couple going from superoxide (O₂⁻) anion to the peroxide (O₂⁻²) anion. The net reaction is (LiO₂ +Li –-> Li₂O₂).^[21]

Honors and awards

• Global Energy Prize, 2019^[22]
• Electrochemical Society Battery Research Award, 2019^[23]
• International coalition for energy storage and innovation award, 2019
• Elsevier Energy Storage Material Journal Award, Shenzhen, October 2018^[24]
• Named Highly-Cited Researcher in 2017,^[25] 2018^[26] and 2019^[27] by Clarivate Analytics
• Named one of the most cited authors in energy storage between 1998 and 2008 by ScienceWatch^[28]
• NAATBatt Lifetime Achievement Award, 2017^[29]
• US Department of Energy Outstanding Scientist Award, 2013
• International Battery Association Award (2010)
• Electrochemical Society Battery Technology Award, 2010^[30]
• US Federal Laboratory Award for Excellence in Technology Transfer (2009)
• University of Chicago's Board of Governors’ Distinguished Performance Award, 2008^[31]
• Scientific American Top Worldwide 50 Research Leader Award, 2003^[6]

Memberships and service

• Served in the board^[32] of the Committee on fuel economy of light duty vehicles of the National Academy of Sciences’ National Research Council
• Fellow of the Electrochemical Society, 2017^[7]
• Fellow of the^[33] Hong Kong Hong Kong Institute of Advanced Studies
• Member of the American Ceramic Society
• Member of the Material Research Society
• Member of the American Chemical Society
• Chair of the International Meeting on Lithium Batteries^[34]
• Associate Editor of Nano Energy Journal^[35]
• Founded the International Conference on Advanced Lithium Batteries for Automotive Applications (ABAA)^[9] and chaired the conference from 2009 through 2012
• President of IMLB association

Selected patents

• US patent US6420069B2,^[36] positive electrode for lithium battery
• US patent US7468223B2,^[18] lithium metal oxide electrodes for lithium cells and batteries
• US8591774B2,^[21] Methods for preparing materials for lithium ion batteries
• US patent US9593413B2,^[37] Composite materials for battery applications

References

1. "Five scientists join ranks of Argonne Distinguished Fellows". www.anl.gov. 18 July 2012. Retrieved 2020-03-29.
2. "Technology Development".
3. "Khalil Amine | Adjunct Professor". mse.stanford.edu. Retrieved 2020-03-29.
4. "Khalil Amine". anl.gov/profile/khalil-amine. Retrieved 2020-03-29.
5. "Khalil Amine". scholar.google.com/citations. Retrieved 2020-03-29.
6. "The 2003 Scientific American 50 List of Winners". www.scientificamerican.com. Retrieved 2020-03-29.
7. "Four Argonne researchers appointed fellows of scientific societies". www.anl.gov. 20 October 2017. Retrieved 2020-03-29.
8. "Advanced Lithium Batteries for Automobile Applications ABAA 12". www.abaa12.org. Retrieved 2020-03-29.
9. "Argonne hosts 1st Int'l Conference on Advanced Lithium Batteries for Automotive Applications Sept. 15-17". www.anl.gov. 27 August 2008. Retrieved 2020-03-29.
10. "Argonne Lab's Breakthrough Cathode Technology Powers Electric Vehicles of Today". www.energy.gov. Retrieved 2011-02-14.
11. "Argonne's Battery Tech: A Government Licensing Success Story". www.greentechmedia.com. Retrieved 2011-02-25.
12. "Argonne's lithium-ion battery technology to be commercialized by Japan's Toda Kogyo". www.access.anl.gov/. 13 March 2008. Retrieved 2008-03-13.
13. "Argonne's lithium-ion battery technology to be commercialized by BASF". www.access.anl.gov/. 3 June 2009. Retrieved 2009-06-03.
14. "Argonne's NMC Cathode". www.access.anl.gov/. Retrieved 2020-03-29.
15. "GM's New Battery Chemistry? It's Already In the Chevy Volt". www.popsci.com/. Retrieved 2011-01-11.
16. "Yang-Kook Sun". Retrieved 2021-05-06.
17. Amine, Khalil; Chen, Zonghai; Yang-Kook, Sun; Hung-Joo, Noh; Dong-Ju, Lee; Hun-Gi, Jung; Yang, Ren; Wang, Steve; Chong Seung, Yoon; Seung-Taek, Myung (October 2012). "Nanostructured high-energy cathode materials for advanced lithium batteries". Nature Materials. 11 (10): 942–947. Bibcode:2012NatMa..11..942S. doi:10.1038/nmat3435. ISSN 1745-2481. PMID 23042415.
18. "Lithium metal oxide electrodes for lithium cells and batteries". patft.uspto.gov. Retrieved 2008-12-23.
19. Amine, Khalil; Jun, Lu; Yun Jung, Lee; Asadi, Mohammed; Hsien Hau, Wang; Brombosz, Scott; Jianguo, Wen; Dengyun, Zhai; Zonghai, Chen; Miller, Dean; Yo Sub, Jeong; Park, Jin-bum; Fang, Zhigang Zak; Kumar, Bijandra; Sun, Yang-Kook; Curtis, Larry (2007-01-11). "A lithium–oxygen battery based on lithium superoxide". Nature. 529 (1): 377–382. doi:10.1038/nature16484. ISSN 1745-2481. PMID 26751057. S2CID 4452883.
20. "Joi Matthew | This Lithium-Air Battery Has 5 Times the Energy Density of Conventional Lithium-Ion Batteries". www.futurism.com. Retrieved 2016-01-27.
21. "Methods for preparing materials for lithium ion batteries". patft.uspto.gov. Retrieved 2013-11-26.
22. "Khalil Amine receives the Electrochemical Society Battery Research Award". globalenergyprize.org. Retrieved 2019-10-19.
23. "Battery Division Research Award". www.electrochem.org. Retrieved 2020-03-30.
24. "2018 Winners Announced: EnSM Journal Award and EnSM Young Scientist Award". journals.elsevier.com. Retrieved 2020-03-30.
25. "Argonne Scientists Recognized for a Decade of Breakthroughs". federallabs.org. Retrieved 2018-01-18.
26. "2018 Most Cited Researchers – Did You Make the List?". electrochem.org. 11 December 2018. Retrieved 2018-12-11.
27. "Highly Cited Researchers". recognition.webofsciencegroup.com. Retrieved 2020-03-30.
28. "Christopher King | Energy Gauge: Who Exactly Is In Power?" (PDF).
29. "Rick Winter Honored with NAATBatt Lifetime Acheivement [sic] Award". www.uetechnologies.com. Retrieved 2020-03-30.
30. "Battery Division Technology Award". www.electrochem.org. Retrieved 2020-03-30.
31. "Lisa La Vallee | University to honor Argonne scientists, other employees with awards". chronicle.uchicago.edu. Retrieved 2020-03-30.
32. "Analysis Used by Federal Agencies to Set Fuel Economy and Greenhouse Gas Standards for U.S. Cars Was Generally of High Quality; Some Technologies and Issues Should Be Re-examined". www.nationalacademies.org/. Retrieved 2015-06-18.
33. "Khalil Amine | IAS Senior Visiting Fellow". ias.ust.hk. Retrieved 2020-03-30.
34. "International Organizing Committee". www.imlb.org. Retrieved 2020-03-30.
35. "Nano Energy - Editorial Board". www.journals.elsevier.com. Retrieved 2020-03-30.
36. "Positive electrode for lithium battery". patft.uspto.gov. Retrieved 2020-03-29.
37. "Composite materials for battery applications". patft.uspto.gov. Retrieved 2017-03-14.