Kerbogha was a Seljuk Turk who owed his success to his military talent.[3] He supported Malik-Shah I's wife Terken Khatun and her four-year-old son Mahmud I who was installed on the throne at Baghdad.[4] Kerbogha was sent with an army to secure Isfahan and to arrest Berkyaruq.[5] However, Mahmud's supporters were defeated by Berkyaruq' forces at Isfahan in January 1093.[6] A month later, he joined the Seljuk prince Ismail ibn Yaquti against Berkyaruq army which was victorious once more. Later on, Kerbogha joined Berkyaruq, then he was sent in 1094 to fight against Tutush I who declared himself Sultan in Syria, but he was imprisoned along with his brother Altuntaş in Aleppo then Homs. Upon the death of Tutush, he was released by Fakhr al-Mulk Radwan.
In 1098, when he heard that the Crusaders had besieged Antioch, he gathered his troops and marched to relieve the city. On his way, he attempted to regain Edessa following its recent conquest by Baldwin I, so as not to leave any Frankish garrisons behind him on his way to Antioch.[7] For three weeks he pointlessly besieged the city before deciding to continue on to Antioch. His reinforcements could have perhaps ended the Crusade before the walls of Antioch, and, indeed, the whole Crusade was perhaps saved by his time wasted at Edessa. By the time he arrived, around June 7, the Crusaders had already won the siege, and had held the city since 3 June. They were not able to restock the city before Kerbogha, in turn, began besieging the city.
During the siege, on 27 June, Peter the Hermit was sent as emissary to Kerbogha by the Crusaders to suggest that the parties settle all differences by a duel. Presumably feeling his position secure, Kerbogha did not see this course of action as being in his interest, and he declined.
Meanwhile, inside the city, Peter Bartholomew claimed to have discovered the Holy Lance through a vision. This discovery re-energized the Christian army. At the same time, disagreements and infighting broke out within the Atabeg's army. Kerbogha's mighty army was actually made up of levies from Baghdad, Persia, Palestine and Damascus, and the internal quarrels amongst the Emirs took precedence over any unity against the Franks. The only thing that united his allies was a common fear of Kerbogha's real goal, which was the conquest of all their lands. If Antioch fell to him, he would have been invincible.[8]
On 28 June, when Bohemond, the leader of the Christian army, decided to attack, the Emirs decided to humble Kerbogha by abandoning him at the critical moment. Kerbogha was taken by surprise by the organization and discipline of the Christian army. This motivated, unified Christian army was in fact so large that Kerbogha's strategy of dividing his own forces was ineffective.[9] He was quickly routed by the Crusaders. He was forced to retreat, and returned to Mosul a broken man.
Later life
Despite his defeats outside of the cities of both Edessa and Antioch, Kerbogha's position in Mosul went unchallenged through the rest of his life. He spent time raising Imad ad-Din Zengi, the namesake of the Zengid dynasty, who took power in Mosul in 1127 following the rule of a series of Seljuk vassals after Kerbogha's death in 1102.
^Runciman, Steven (1951–52). A History of the Crusades I: The First Crusade. Penguin Classics. p. 191. ISBN978-0-141-98550-3.
^Jones, Terry., Ereira, Alan. "Crusades". Penguin Books, 1996. p. 43
^Gesta Francorum:The Defeat of Kerbogha, excerpt online at Medieval Sourcebook, accessed November, 2008.
Sources
Bosworth, C. E. (1968). "The Political and Dynastic History of the Iranian World (A.D. 1000–1217)". In Frye, R. N. (ed.). The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 5: The Saljuq and Mongol periods. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 1–202. ISBN0-521-06936-X.
Bosworth, C. E. (1997). "Ebn Dārost, Tāj al-Molk Abu'l-Ḡanā'em Marzbān". Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. VIII, Fasc. 1. pp. 12–13.
kerbogha, qiwam, dawla, turkish, kürboğa, known, karbughā, atabeg, mosul, during, first, crusade, renowned, soldier, besieges, antioch, 1098, contents, early, life, first, crusade, later, life, also, references, sourcesearly, life, edit, seljuk, turk, owed, su. Qiwam al Dawla Kerbogha Turkish Kurboga known as Kerbogha or Karbugha was atabeg of Mosul during the First Crusade and was renowned as a soldier 1 2 Kerbogha besieges Antioch in 1098 Contents 1 Early life 2 The First Crusade 3 Later life 4 See also 5 References 6 SourcesEarly life EditKerbogha was a Seljuk Turk who owed his success to his military talent 3 He supported Malik Shah I s wife Terken Khatun and her four year old son Mahmud I who was installed on the throne at Baghdad 4 Kerbogha was sent with an army to secure Isfahan and to arrest Berkyaruq 5 However Mahmud s supporters were defeated by Berkyaruq forces at Isfahan in January 1093 6 A month later he joined the Seljuk prince Ismail ibn Yaquti against Berkyaruq army which was victorious once more Later on Kerbogha joined Berkyaruq then he was sent in 1094 to fight against Tutush I who declared himself Sultan in Syria but he was imprisoned along with his brother Altuntas in Aleppo then Homs Upon the death of Tutush he was released by Fakhr al Mulk Radwan In 1095 he served under the Abbasid Caliph Al Mustazhir in his attempted reconquest of Aleppo In 1096 he managed to capture Harran Nisbis and Mosul in which he ended the Uqaylid Dynasty rule The First Crusade EditIn 1098 when he heard that the Crusaders had besieged Antioch he gathered his troops and marched to relieve the city On his way he attempted to regain Edessa following its recent conquest by Baldwin I so as not to leave any Frankish garrisons behind him on his way to Antioch 7 For three weeks he pointlessly besieged the city before deciding to continue on to Antioch His reinforcements could have perhaps ended the Crusade before the walls of Antioch and indeed the whole Crusade was perhaps saved by his time wasted at Edessa By the time he arrived around June 7 the Crusaders had already won the siege and had held the city since 3 June They were not able to restock the city before Kerbogha in turn began besieging the city During the siege on 27 June Peter the Hermit was sent as emissary to Kerbogha by the Crusaders to suggest that the parties settle all differences by a duel Presumably feeling his position secure Kerbogha did not see this course of action as being in his interest and he declined Meanwhile inside the city Peter Bartholomew claimed to have discovered the Holy Lance through a vision This discovery re energized the Christian army At the same time disagreements and infighting broke out within the Atabeg s army Kerbogha s mighty army was actually made up of levies from Baghdad Persia Palestine and Damascus and the internal quarrels amongst the Emirs took precedence over any unity against the Franks The only thing that united his allies was a common fear of Kerbogha s real goal which was the conquest of all their lands If Antioch fell to him he would have been invincible 8 On 28 June when Bohemond the leader of the Christian army decided to attack the Emirs decided to humble Kerbogha by abandoning him at the critical moment Kerbogha was taken by surprise by the organization and discipline of the Christian army This motivated unified Christian army was in fact so large that Kerbogha s strategy of dividing his own forces was ineffective 9 He was quickly routed by the Crusaders He was forced to retreat and returned to Mosul a broken man Later life EditDespite his defeats outside of the cities of both Edessa and Antioch Kerbogha s position in Mosul went unchallenged through the rest of his life He spent time raising Imad ad Din Zengi the namesake of the Zengid dynasty who took power in Mosul in 1127 following the rule of a series of Seljuk vassals after Kerbogha s death in 1102 See also EditBaldwin and Arnold of Beauvais Baldwin I of Jerusalem First Crusade Siege of AntiochReferences Edit Taefl El Azhari 2006 In The Crusades An Encyclopedia pp 704 705 Runciman Steven A History of the Crusades Cambridge University Press 1987 p 215 Bradbury Jim The Routledge Companion to Medieval Warfare Routledge 2004 p 55 Bosworth 1968 p 103 Peacock 2015 p 76 Bosworth 1997 pp 12 13 Runciman Steven 1951 52 A History of the Crusades I The First Crusade Penguin Classics p 191 ISBN 978 0 141 98550 3 Jones Terry Ereira Alan Crusades Penguin Books 1996 p 43 Gesta Francorum The Defeat of Kerbogha excerpt online at Medieval Sourcebook accessed November 2008 Sources EditBosworth C E 1968 The Political and Dynastic History of the Iranian World A D 1000 1217 In Frye R N ed The Cambridge History of Iran Volume 5 The Saljuq and Mongol periods Cambridge Cambridge University Press pp 1 202 ISBN 0 521 06936 X Bosworth C E 1997 Ebn Darost Taj al Molk Abu l Ḡana em Marzban Encyclopaedia Iranica Vol VIII Fasc 1 pp 12 13 Peacock A C S 2015 The Great Seljuk Empire Edinburgh University Press pp 1 378 ISBN 9780748638260 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Kerbogha amp oldid 1146373131, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
