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Kenneth Blum

May 03, 2024

Kenneth Blum (born August 8, 1939) is an American scientist who has studied neuropsychopharmacology and genetics. Until 1995 he was a professor of pharmacology at the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio.

Blum originated the term reward deficiency syndrome (RDS).[1]

Academic background edit

Blum received his B.S. in pharmacy from Columbia University in 1961, his M.S. in medical science in 1965 from the New Jersey College of Medicine, and his Ph.D. in pharmacology in 1968 from the New York Medical College. Blum completed post-doctorate research in psychopharmacology at the Southwest Foundation for Research and Education. He also completed a fellowship in pharmacogenetics under Gerald McClearn at the University of Colorado College of Pharmacy (Boulder) in 1977. He retired in 1995 from his position as professor at the Department of Pharmacology, Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, University of Texas.

Research edit

Blum collaborated on a study that found a correlation between an allele in the dopamine D2 receptor and alcoholism in a post-mortem study of brain tissue from 35 alcoholics and 35 non-alcoholics.[1] Blum believed his work to be of broader scope, calling this gene a "reward gene" which covers other addictive behaviors including drug addiction, smoking, overeating, and pathological gambling.[2]

Reward deficiency syndrome edit

Blum originated the term reward deficiency syndrome (RDS), which has been used by several researchers. Blum holds patents relating to genetic testing and treatment for the syndrome that have been licensed through various corporations. The term has been applied to a wide variety of addictive, obsessive and compulsive behaviors including substance and process addiction and personality and spectrum disorders.[2][3][4] The diagnostic validity of RDS while listed and featured as a psychological disorder in a number of medical based dictionaries including Gates and encyclopedia.com and is indeed a featured disorder in SAGE Encyclopedia of Abnormal and Clinical Psychology (pg. 2888).[5] However, RDS has not been recognized by the American Psychiatric Association in its diagnostic manual, the DSM.

Treatment based on reward deficiency syndrome edit

  • Precision addiction management (PAM):[3] Dopamine homeostasis can be achieved by customizing neuronutrient supplementation based on one's Genetic Addiction Risk score.
    • Goal of treatment: enhance brain reward functional connectivity volume and target reward deficiency and the stress-like anti reward symptomatology of addiction.
    • KB220Z: amino-acid therapy, compounds work in synergy to support brain reward function in the aim to induce dopamine homeostasis and is best described as a glutaminergic-dopaminergic optimization complex.[4] There are over 30 clinical trials for a number of KB220 variants. There have been numerous positive effects from this treatment for substance users such as: increase in BOLD activation in caudate-accumbens-dopaminergic pathways,[5] sobriety with no relapse two-years post treatment,[6] and reduced cravings.[7] For more information on the positive effects please visit the cited source, which includes positive effects from 29 different studies.[4]

Commercial activities edit

Blum is the editor-in-chief of Journal of Reward Deficiency Syndrome and Addiction Science and founded the company that publishes it, United Scientific Group.[8][9] Blum was also editor-in-chief of OMICS Publication Group's Journal of Addiction Research & Therapy (JART) from 2013 to 2015.[10][11] Both United Scientific Group and OMICS Group are featured on Beall's list[12] and are widely regarded as predatory open-access publishers.[13]

Blum has received patents for the use of dietary supplements to treat RDS.[14][15][16] Blum licenses these patents through his company Synaptamine, Inc., which is incorporated in Austin, Texas.[17] Supplements marketed in this way include Synaptamine, SyntaptaGenX, and Synaptose. Synaptamine has been licensed to LaVita RDS, a company based in Lehi, Utah, of which Blum was the chief scientific officer.[13] Synaptamine was subsequently marketed by Sanus Biotech, a company based in Austin, Texas. SynaptaGenX is licensed to NuPathways Inc., for whom Blum acts as chief neuroscience advisor.[18] Blum has also marketed dietary supplements that claim to assist weight loss, including PhenCal (licensed to Weider Nutrition) and SyntaptaLean (licensed to Nature's Plus). In the past, Blum has sold a variety of supplements and oral sprays through a website called DocBlumInc.

Blum markets a genetic test, the Genetic Addiction Risk Score (GARS), through his company IGENE LLC in partnership with Dominion Diagnostics,[19][17][20] through LifeGen, Inc., where he is chairman of the board and chief scientific officer,[21] and via Geneus Health for whom he also acts chief scientific officer and chairman.[22] It is claimed that GARS assesses the genetic predisposition toward RDS.[20]

Until 2008 he was chief scientific officer of Salugen Inc., another direct-to-consumer genetics testing company.[23] After Blum's departure, Salugen continued under the leadership of Brian Meshkin, latterly CEO of Prove Biosciences, until its demise a year later.[24] Blum is Scientific Director of the PATH foundation.[25]

Publications edit

  • Blum, K., Gaskill, H., DeLallo, L., Briggs, A. H., & Hall, W. (1985). Methionine enkephalin as a possible neuromodulator of regional cerebral blood flow. Experientia, 41(7), 932–933. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01970019
  • Blum, Kenneth; Noble, Ernest; Peter J. Sheridan; Anne Montgomery; Terry Ritchie; Pudur Jagadeeswaran; Harou Nogami; Arthur H. Briggs; Jay B. Cohn (April 18, 1990). "Allelic Association of Human Dopamine D2 Receptor Gene in Alcoholism". Journal of the American Medical Association. 263 (15): 2055–60. doi:10.1001/jama.1990.03440150063027. ISSN 1538-3598. PMID 1969501.
  • Blum, Kenneth; Payne, James E (1991). Alcohol and the Addictive Brain. New York: The Free Press. ISBN 0-02-903701-8. Retrieved 17 September 2010.
  • Blum, K.; Sheridan, P. J.; Wood, R. C.; Braverman, E. R.; Chen, T J H.; Phd, J G Cull; Comings, D. E. (1996). "The D2 Dopamine Receptor Gene as a Determinant of Reward Deficiency Syndrome". Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine. 89 (7): 396–400. doi:10.1177/014107689608900711. PMC 1295855. PMID 8774539.
  • Blum, Kenneth G.; Cull, John R.; Braverman, Eric E.; Comings, David (1996). "Reward Deficiency Syndrome". American Scientist. 84 (2): 132. Bibcode:1996AmSci..84..132B.
  • Blum, Kenneth; Braverman, Eric R; Holder, Jay M; Lubar, Joel F; Monastra, Vincent J; Miller, David; Comings, David E (November 2000). "Reward Deficiency Syndrome: A Biogenetic Model for the Diagnosis and Treatment of impulsive, Addictive, and Compulsive Behaviors". Journal of Psychoactive Drugs. 32 (Supplement): i–iv, 1–112. doi:10.1080/02791072.2000.10736099. ISSN 0279-1072. PMID 11280926. S2CID 22497665.
  • Blum, K., Febo, M., Fried, L., Li, M., Dushaj, K., Braverman, E. R., McLaughlin, T., Steinberg, B., & Badgaiyan, R. D. (2017). Hypothesizing that neuropharmacological and neuroimaging studies of glutaminergic-dopaminergic optimization complex (KB220Z) are associated with “Dopamine Homeostasis” in Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS). Substance Use & Misuse, 52(4), 535–547. doi: 10.1080/10826084.2016.1244551
  • Blum, K., Gondré-Lewis, M. C., Baron, D., Thanos, P. K., Braverman, E. R., Neary, J., Elman, I., & Badgaiyan, R. D. (2018). Introducing precision addiction management of reward deficiency syndrome, the construct that underpins all addictive behaviors. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00548
  • Blum, K., Febo, M., Mclaughlin, T., Cronjé, F. J., Han, D., & Gold, M. S. (2014). Hatching the behavioral addiction egg: Reward Deficiency Solution System (RDSS)™ as a function of dopaminergic neurogenetics and brain functional connectivity linking all addictions under a common rubric. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 3(3), 149–156. https://doi.org/10.1556/jba.3.2014.019
  • Blum, K., Febo, M., Thanos, P. K., Baron, D., Fratantonio, J., & Gold, M. (2015). Clinically combating reward deficiency syndrome (RDS) with dopamine agonist therapy as a paradigm shift: Dopamine for dinner? Molecular Neurobiology, 52(3), 1862–1869.
  • Blum, K., Chen, A. L. C., Giordano, J., Borsten, J., Chen, T. J. H., Hauser, M., Simpatico, T., Femino, J., Braverman, E. R., & Barh, D. (2012). The addictive brain: All roads lead to dopamine. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 44(2), 134–143. https://doi.org/10.1080/02791072.2012.685407

References edit

  1. ^ Blum, Kenneth; Noble, Ernest; Peter J. Sheridan; Anne Montgomery; Terry Ritchie; Pudur Jagadeeswaran; Harou Nogami; Arthur H. Briggs; Jay B. Cohn (April 18, 1990). "Allelic Association of Human Dopamine D2 Receptor Gene in Alcoholism". Journal of the American Medical Association. 263 (15): 2055–60. doi:10.1001/jama.1990.03440150063027. ISSN 1538-3598. PMID 1969501.
  2. ^ Comings, David E.; Blum, Kenneth (2000). "Reward deficiency syndrome: genetic aspects of behavioral disorders". Progress in Brain Research. 126: 325–41. doi:10.1016/S0079-6123(00)26022-6. ISBN 9780444503329. PMID 11105655.
  3. ^ Blum, Kenneth; Gondré-Lewis, Marjorie C.; Baron, David; Thanos, Panayotis K.; Braverman, Eric R.; Neary, Jennifer; Elman, Igor; Badgaiyan, Rajendra D. (2018). "Introducing Precision Addiction Management of Reward Deficiency Syndrome, the Construct That Underpins All Addictive Behaviors". Frontiers in Psychiatry. 9: 548. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00548. ISSN 1664-0640. PMC 6277779. PMID 30542299.
  4. ^ a b Blum, Kenneth; Febo, Marcelo; Fried, Lyle; Li, Mona; Dushaj, Kristina; Braverman, Eric R.; McLaughlin, Thomas; Steinberg, Bruce; Badgaiyan, Rajendra D. (2017-03-21). "Hypothesizing That Neuropharmacological and Neuroimaging Studies of Glutaminergic-Dopaminergic Optimization Complex (KB220Z) Are Associated With "Dopamine Homeostasis" in Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS)". Substance Use & Misuse. 52 (4): 535–547. doi:10.1080/10826084.2016.1244551. ISSN 1082-6084. PMC 5589271. PMID 28033474.
  5. ^ Blum, Kenneth; Liu, Yijun; Wang, Wei; Wang, Yarong; Zhang, Yi; Oscar-Berman, Marlene; Smolen, Andrew; Febo, Marcelo; Han, David; Simpatico, Thomas; Cronjé, Frans J. (2015-03-04). "rsfMRI effects of KB220Z™ on neural pathways in reward circuitry of abstinent genotyped heroin addicts". Postgraduate Medicine. 127 (2): 232–241. doi:10.1080/00325481.2015.994879. ISSN 0032-5481. PMC 4979602. PMID 25526228.
  6. ^ Miller, Merlene; Chen, Amanda LC; Stokes, Stan D.; Silverman, Susan; Bowirrat, Abdalla; Manka, Matthew; Manka, Debra; Miller, David K.; Perrine, Kenneth; Chen, Thomas JH; Bailey, John A. (2012-11-01). "Early Intervention of Intravenous KB220IV- Neuroadaptagen Amino-Acid Therapy (NAAT)™ Improves Behavioral Outcomes in a Residential Addiction Treatment Program: A Pilot Study". Journal of Psychoactive Drugs. 44 (5): 398–409. doi:10.1080/02791072.2012.737727. ISSN 0279-1072. PMC 4074362. PMID 23457891.
  7. ^ Cold, Julie (2012). "NeuRecover-SA in Treatment of Cocaine Withdrawal and Cravings". Clinical Drug Administration. 12: 1–7.
  8. ^ "Management". United Scientific Group. Retrieved 24 June 2018.
  9. ^ "Journal of Reward Deficiency Syndrome and Addiction Science". Journal of Reward Deficiency Syndrome and Addiction Science. Retrieved 24 June 2018.
  10. ^ "Dr. Kenneth Blum Resigns Position At OMICS Group To Focus On Innovative New Journals". PROLOG Press Release Distribution. Prolog.org. Retrieved 3 April 2019.
  11. ^ "Kenneth Blum Appointed as Editor-in-Chief of OMICS Group's Open-Access Medical Journal: Addiction Research & Therapy". PR Newswire. 14 Aug 2013. Retrieved 24 June 2018.
  12. ^ . Beall's List. Archived from the original on 4 February 2019. Retrieved 24 June 2018.
  13. ^ a b "The Strange World of "Reward Deficiency Syndrome" (Part 3)". 17 August 2017. Retrieved 23 June 2018.
  14. ^ "Allelic polygene diagnosis of reward deficiency syndrome and treatment". Google Patents. 29 April 1997. Retrieved 23 June 2018.
  15. ^ "Diagnosis and treatment system for "reward deficiency syndrome" (RDS) and related behaviors". Google Patents. 4 August 1999. Retrieved 23 June 2018.
  16. ^ "Anti-RDS compounds and method of manufacture and administration thereof to induce dopamine homeostatis". Google Patents. 12 August 2014. Retrieved 24 June 2018.
  17. ^ a b "Dominion Diagnostics Chief Scientific Advisor Kenneth Blum, PhD Receives 2014 ASAM Medical-Scientific Program Committee Award for Best Scientific Abstract". PR Newswire. 22 April 2014. Retrieved 24 June 2018.
  18. ^ "SynaptaGenX: Addiction Recovery". SynaptaGenX. Retrieved 23 June 2018.
  19. ^ . Dominion Diagnostics. Archived from the original on January 3, 2020. Retrieved 23 June 2018.
  20. ^ a b "Genetic Addiction Risk Score (GARS): Molecular Neurogenetic Evidence for Predisposition to Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS)". Dominion Diagnostics. Retrieved 23 June 2018.
  21. ^ "Russell Armstrong and Crescent Financial Partners Retained by LifeGen, Inc: Patent-Holder for Neuroadaptogen Technology". Business Wire. 15 February 2011. Retrieved 24 June 2018.
  22. ^ "Kenneth Blum, B.Sc., M.Sc., PhD, DHL, Chief Scientific Officer & Chairman". Geneus Health. Retrieved 23 June 2018.
  23. ^ "Kenneth Blum, PhD, Resigns from Salugen, Inc. As Chief Scientific Officer and Vice Chairman of The Board Of Directors", 24-7 Press, September 10, 2008, retrieved 17 September 2010
  24. ^ "The Salugen Story Reconstructed". Tales of Two Cities. 2 September 2012. Retrieved 23 June 2018.
  25. ^ "Foundation Staff". PATH Foundation. Retrieved 27 June 2018.

External links edit

  • Kenneth Blum's publications on Loop

May 03, 2024
kenneth, blum, major, contributor, this, article, appears, have, close, connection, with, subject, require, cleanup, comply, with, wikipedia, content, policies, particularly, neutral, point, view, please, discuss, further, talk, page, march, 2019, learn, when,. A major contributor to this article appears to have a close connection with its subject It may require cleanup to comply with Wikipedia s content policies particularly neutral point of view Please discuss further on the talk page March 2019 Learn how and when to remove this message Kenneth Blum born August 8 1939 is an American scientist who has studied neuropsychopharmacology and genetics Until 1995 he was a professor of pharmacology at the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio Blum originated the term reward deficiency syndrome RDS 1 Contents 1 Academic background 2 Research 2 1 Reward deficiency syndrome 2 1 1 Treatment based on reward deficiency syndrome 3 Commercial activities 4 Publications 5 References 6 External linksAcademic background editThis section of a biography of a living person needs additional citations for verification Please help by adding reliable sources Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately from the article and its talk page especially if potentially libelous Find sources Kenneth Blum news newspapers books scholar JSTOR March 2019 Learn how and when to remove this message Blum received his B S in pharmacy from Columbia University in 1961 his M S in medical science in 1965 from the New Jersey College of Medicine and his Ph D in pharmacology in 1968 from the New York Medical College Blum completed post doctorate research in psychopharmacology at the Southwest Foundation for Research and Education He also completed a fellowship in pharmacogenetics under Gerald McClearn at the University of Colorado College of Pharmacy Boulder in 1977 He retired in 1995 from his position as professor at the Department of Pharmacology Texas Health Science Center San Antonio University of Texas Research editBlum collaborated on a study that found a correlation between an allele in the dopamine D2 receptor and alcoholism in a post mortem study of brain tissue from 35 alcoholics and 35 non alcoholics 1 Blum believed his work to be of broader scope calling this gene a reward gene which covers other addictive behaviors including drug addiction smoking overeating and pathological gambling 2 Reward deficiency syndrome edit Blum originated the term reward deficiency syndrome RDS which has been used by several researchers Blum holds patents relating to genetic testing and treatment for the syndrome that have been licensed through various corporations The term has been applied to a wide variety of addictive obsessive and compulsive behaviors including substance and process addiction and personality and spectrum disorders 2 3 4 The diagnostic validity of RDS while listed and featured as a psychological disorder in a number of medical based dictionaries including Gates and encyclopedia com and is indeed a featured disorder in SAGE Encyclopedia of Abnormal and Clinical Psychology pg 2888 5 However RDS has not been recognized by the American Psychiatric Association in its diagnostic manual the DSM Treatment based on reward deficiency syndrome edit Precision addiction management PAM 3 Dopamine homeostasis can be achieved by customizing neuronutrient supplementation based on one s Genetic Addiction Risk score Goal of treatment enhance brain reward functional connectivity volume and target reward deficiency and the stress like anti reward symptomatology of addiction KB220Z amino acid therapy compounds work in synergy to support brain reward function in the aim to induce dopamine homeostasis and is best described as a glutaminergic dopaminergic optimization complex 4 There are over 30 clinical trials for a number of KB220 variants There have been numerous positive effects from this treatment for substance users such as increase in BOLD activation in caudate accumbens dopaminergic pathways 5 sobriety with no relapse two years post treatment 6 and reduced cravings 7 For more information on the positive effects please visit the cited source which includes positive effects from 29 different studies 4 Commercial activities editBlum is the editor in chief of Journal of Reward Deficiency Syndrome and Addiction Science and founded the company that publishes it United Scientific Group 8 9 Blum was also editor in chief of OMICS Publication Group s Journal of Addiction Research amp Therapy JART from 2013 to 2015 10 11 Both United Scientific Group and OMICS Group are featured on Beall s list 12 and are widely regarded as predatory open access publishers 13 Blum has received patents for the use of dietary supplements to treat RDS 14 15 16 Blum licenses these patents through his company Synaptamine Inc which is incorporated in Austin Texas 17 Supplements marketed in this way include Synaptamine SyntaptaGenX and Synaptose Synaptamine has been licensed to LaVita RDS a company based in Lehi Utah of which Blum was the chief scientific officer 13 Synaptamine was subsequently marketed by Sanus Biotech a company based in Austin Texas SynaptaGenX is licensed to NuPathways Inc for whom Blum acts as chief neuroscience advisor 18 Blum has also marketed dietary supplements that claim to assist weight loss including PhenCal licensed to Weider Nutrition and SyntaptaLean licensed to Nature s Plus In the past Blum has sold a variety of supplements and oral sprays through a website called DocBlumInc Blum markets a genetic test the Genetic Addiction Risk Score GARS through his company IGENE LLC in partnership with Dominion Diagnostics 19 17 20 through LifeGen Inc where he is chairman of the board and chief scientific officer 21 and via Geneus Health for whom he also acts chief scientific officer and chairman 22 It is claimed that GARS assesses the genetic predisposition toward RDS 20 Until 2008 he was chief scientific officer of Salugen Inc another direct to consumer genetics testing company 23 After Blum s departure Salugen continued under the leadership of Brian Meshkin latterly CEO of Prove Biosciences until its demise a year later 24 Blum is Scientific Director of the PATH foundation 25 Publications editBlum K Gaskill H DeLallo L Briggs A H amp Hall W 1985 Methionine enkephalin as a possible neuromodulator of regional cerebral blood flow Experientia 41 7 932 933 https doi org 10 1007 BF01970019 Blum Kenneth Noble Ernest Peter J Sheridan Anne Montgomery Terry Ritchie Pudur Jagadeeswaran Harou Nogami Arthur H Briggs Jay B Cohn April 18 1990 Allelic Association of Human Dopamine D2 Receptor Gene in Alcoholism Journal of the American Medical Association 263 15 2055 60 doi 10 1001 jama 1990 03440150063027 ISSN 1538 3598 PMID 1969501 Blum Kenneth Payne James E 1991 Alcohol and the Addictive Brain New York The Free Press ISBN 0 02 903701 8 Retrieved 17 September 2010 Blum K Sheridan P J Wood R C Braverman E R Chen T J H Phd J G Cull Comings D E 1996 The D2 Dopamine Receptor Gene as a Determinant of Reward Deficiency Syndrome Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine 89 7 396 400 doi 10 1177 014107689608900711 PMC 1295855 PMID 8774539 Blum Kenneth G Cull John R Braverman Eric E Comings David 1996 Reward Deficiency Syndrome American Scientist 84 2 132 Bibcode 1996AmSci 84 132B Blum Kenneth Braverman Eric R Holder Jay M Lubar Joel F Monastra Vincent J Miller David Comings David E November 2000 Reward Deficiency Syndrome A Biogenetic Model for the Diagnosis and Treatment of impulsive Addictive and Compulsive Behaviors Journal of Psychoactive Drugs 32 Supplement i iv 1 112 doi 10 1080 02791072 2000 10736099 ISSN 0279 1072 PMID 11280926 S2CID 22497665 Blum K Febo M Fried L Li M Dushaj K Braverman E R McLaughlin T Steinberg B amp Badgaiyan R D 2017 Hypothesizing that neuropharmacological and neuroimaging studies of glutaminergic dopaminergic optimization complex KB220Z are associated with Dopamine Homeostasis in Reward Deficiency Syndrome RDS Substance Use amp Misuse 52 4 535 547 doi 10 1080 10826084 2016 1244551 Blum K Gondre Lewis M C Baron D Thanos P K Braverman E R Neary J Elman I amp Badgaiyan R D 2018 Introducing precision addiction management of reward deficiency syndrome the construct that underpins all addictive behaviors Frontiers in Psychiatry 9 https doi org 10 3389 fpsyt 2018 00548 Blum K Febo M Mclaughlin T Cronje F J Han D amp Gold M S 2014 Hatching the behavioral addiction egg Reward Deficiency Solution System RDSS as a function of dopaminergic neurogenetics and brain functional connectivity linking all addictions under a common rubric Journal of Behavioral Addictions 3 3 149 156 https doi org 10 1556 jba 3 2014 019 Blum K Febo M Thanos P K Baron D Fratantonio J amp Gold M 2015 Clinically combating reward deficiency syndrome RDS with dopamine agonist therapy as a paradigm shift Dopamine for dinner Molecular Neurobiology 52 3 1862 1869 Blum K Chen A L C Giordano J Borsten J Chen T J H Hauser M Simpatico T Femino J Braverman E R amp Barh D 2012 The addictive brain All roads lead to dopamine Journal of Psychoactive Drugs 44 2 134 143 https doi org 10 1080 02791072 2012 685407References edit Blum Kenneth Noble Ernest Peter J Sheridan Anne Montgomery Terry Ritchie Pudur Jagadeeswaran Harou Nogami Arthur H Briggs Jay B Cohn April 18 1990 Allelic Association of Human Dopamine D2 Receptor Gene in Alcoholism Journal of the American Medical Association 263 15 2055 60 doi 10 1001 jama 1990 03440150063027 ISSN 1538 3598 PMID 1969501 Comings David E Blum Kenneth 2000 Reward deficiency syndrome genetic aspects of behavioral disorders Progress in Brain Research 126 325 41 doi 10 1016 S0079 6123 00 26022 6 ISBN 9780444503329 PMID 11105655 Blum Kenneth Gondre Lewis Marjorie C Baron David Thanos Panayotis K Braverman Eric R Neary Jennifer Elman Igor Badgaiyan Rajendra D 2018 Introducing Precision Addiction Management of Reward Deficiency Syndrome the Construct That Underpins All Addictive Behaviors Frontiers in Psychiatry 9 548 doi 10 3389 fpsyt 2018 00548 ISSN 1664 0640 PMC 6277779 PMID 30542299 a b Blum Kenneth Febo Marcelo Fried Lyle Li Mona Dushaj Kristina Braverman Eric R McLaughlin Thomas Steinberg Bruce Badgaiyan Rajendra D 2017 03 21 Hypothesizing That Neuropharmacological and Neuroimaging Studies of Glutaminergic Dopaminergic Optimization Complex KB220Z Are Associated With Dopamine Homeostasis in Reward Deficiency Syndrome RDS Substance Use amp Misuse 52 4 535 547 doi 10 1080 10826084 2016 1244551 ISSN 1082 6084 PMC 5589271 PMID 28033474 Blum Kenneth Liu Yijun Wang Wei Wang Yarong Zhang Yi Oscar Berman Marlene Smolen Andrew Febo Marcelo Han David Simpatico Thomas Cronje Frans J 2015 03 04 rsfMRI effects of KB220Z on neural pathways in reward circuitry of abstinent genotyped heroin addicts Postgraduate Medicine 127 2 232 241 doi 10 1080 00325481 2015 994879 ISSN 0032 5481 PMC 4979602 PMID 25526228 Miller Merlene Chen Amanda LC Stokes Stan D Silverman Susan Bowirrat Abdalla Manka Matthew Manka Debra Miller David K Perrine Kenneth Chen Thomas JH Bailey John A 2012 11 01 Early Intervention of Intravenous KB220IV Neuroadaptagen Amino Acid Therapy NAAT Improves Behavioral Outcomes in a Residential Addiction Treatment Program A Pilot Study Journal of Psychoactive Drugs 44 5 398 409 doi 10 1080 02791072 2012 737727 ISSN 0279 1072 PMC 4074362 PMID 23457891 Cold Julie 2012 NeuRecover SA in Treatment of Cocaine Withdrawal and Cravings Clinical Drug Administration 12 1 7 Management United Scientific Group Retrieved 24 June 2018 Journal of Reward Deficiency Syndrome and Addiction Science Journal of Reward Deficiency Syndrome and Addiction Science Retrieved 24 June 2018 Dr Kenneth Blum Resigns Position At OMICS Group To Focus On Innovative New Journals PROLOG Press Release Distribution Prolog org Retrieved 3 April 2019 Kenneth Blum Appointed as Editor in Chief of OMICS Group s Open Access Medical Journal Addiction Research amp Therapy PR Newswire 14 Aug 2013 Retrieved 24 June 2018 Beall s List of Predatory Journals and Publishers Beall s List Archived from the original on 4 February 2019 Retrieved 24 June 2018 a b The Strange World of Reward Deficiency Syndrome Part 3 17 August 2017 Retrieved 23 June 2018 Allelic polygene diagnosis of reward deficiency syndrome and treatment Google Patents 29 April 1997 Retrieved 23 June 2018 Diagnosis and treatment system for reward deficiency syndrome RDS and related behaviors Google Patents 4 August 1999 Retrieved 23 June 2018 Anti RDS compounds and method of manufacture and administration thereof to induce dopamine homeostatis Google Patents 12 August 2014 Retrieved 24 June 2018 a b Dominion Diagnostics Chief Scientific Advisor Kenneth Blum PhD Receives 2014 ASAM Medical Scientific Program Committee Award for Best Scientific Abstract PR Newswire 22 April 2014 Retrieved 24 June 2018 SynaptaGenX Addiction Recovery SynaptaGenX Retrieved 23 June 2018 Kenneth Blum PhD Dominion Diagnostics Archived from the original on January 3 2020 Retrieved 23 June 2018 a b Genetic Addiction Risk Score GARS Molecular Neurogenetic Evidence for Predisposition to Reward Deficiency Syndrome RDS Dominion Diagnostics Retrieved 23 June 2018 Russell Armstrong and Crescent Financial Partners Retained by LifeGen Inc Patent Holder for Neuroadaptogen Technology Business Wire 15 February 2011 Retrieved 24 June 2018 Kenneth Blum B Sc M Sc PhD DHL Chief Scientific Officer amp Chairman Geneus Health Retrieved 23 June 2018 Kenneth Blum PhD Resigns from Salugen Inc As Chief Scientific Officer and Vice Chairman of The Board Of Directors 24 7 Press September 10 2008 retrieved 17 September 2010 The Salugen Story Reconstructed Tales of Two Cities 2 September 2012 Retrieved 23 June 2018 Foundation Staff PATH Foundation Retrieved 27 June 2018 External links editKenneth Blum s publications on Loop Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Kenneth Blum amp oldid 1205633056, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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