Kayser–Fleischer rings (KF rings) are dark rings that appear to encircle the cornea of the eye. They are due to copper deposition in the Descemet's membrane as a result of particular liver diseases.[1] They are named after GermanophthalmologistsBernhard Kayser and Bruno Fleischer who first described them in 1902 and 1903.[2][3][4] Initially thought to be due to the accumulation of silver, they were first demonstrated to contain copper in 1934.[5]
Kayser–Fleischer ring
A Kayser–Fleischer ring in a 32-year-old patient who had longstanding speech difficulties and tremor.
The rings, which consist of copper deposits where the cornea meets the sclera, in Descemet's membrane, first appear as a crescent at the top of the cornea. Eventually, a second crescent forms below, at the "six o'clock position", and ultimately completely encircles the cornea.[1][6]
Associationsedit
Copper deposition in peripheral Descemet membrane (Kayser–Fleischer ring) and anterior capsule of crystalline lens ( Sunflower cataract).
Kayser–Fleischer rings are a sign of Wilson's disease, which involves abnormal copper handling by the liver resulting in copper accumulation in the body and is characterised by abnormalities of the basal ganglia of the brain, liver cirrhosis, splenomegaly, involuntary movements, muscle rigidity, psychiatric disturbances, dystonia and dysphagia. The combination of neurological symptoms, a low blood ceruloplasmin level and KF rings is diagnostic of Wilson's disease.[1]
As Kayser–Fleischer rings do not cause any symptoms, it is common for them to be identified during investigations for other medical conditions. In certain situations, they are actively sought; in that case, the early stages may be detected by slit lamp examination before they become visible to the naked eye.[1]
^Gerlach W, Rohrschneider W (1934). "Besteht das Pigment des Kayser-Fleischerschen Hornhautringes aus Silber?". Klin Wochenschr. 13 (2): 48–49. doi:10.1007/BF01799043.
kayser, fleischer, ring, rings, dark, rings, that, appear, encircle, cornea, they, copper, deposition, descemet, membrane, result, particular, liver, diseases, they, named, after, german, ophthalmologists, bernhard, kayser, bruno, fleischer, first, described, . Kayser Fleischer rings KF rings are dark rings that appear to encircle the cornea of the eye They are due to copper deposition in the Descemet s membrane as a result of particular liver diseases 1 They are named after German ophthalmologists Bernhard Kayser and Bruno Fleischer who first described them in 1902 and 1903 2 3 4 Initially thought to be due to the accumulation of silver they were first demonstrated to contain copper in 1934 5 Kayser Fleischer ringA Kayser Fleischer ring in a 32 year old patient who had longstanding speech difficulties and tremor SpecialtyOphthalmology Contents 1 Presentation 1 1 Associations 2 Diagnosis 3 See also 4 References 5 External linksPresentation edit nbsp Copper deposition on corneal Descemet s membrane The rings which consist of copper deposits where the cornea meets the sclera in Descemet s membrane first appear as a crescent at the top of the cornea Eventually a second crescent forms below at the six o clock position and ultimately completely encircles the cornea 1 6 Associations edit nbsp Copper deposition in peripheral Descemet membrane Kayser Fleischer ring and anterior capsule of crystalline lens Sunflower cataract Kayser Fleischer rings are a sign of Wilson s disease which involves abnormal copper handling by the liver resulting in copper accumulation in the body and is characterised by abnormalities of the basal ganglia of the brain liver cirrhosis splenomegaly involuntary movements muscle rigidity psychiatric disturbances dystonia and dysphagia The combination of neurological symptoms a low blood ceruloplasmin level and KF rings is diagnostic of Wilson s disease 1 Other causes of KF rings are cholestasis obstruction of the bile ducts primary biliary cirrhosis and cryptogenic cirrhosis cirrhosis in which no cause can be identified 1 Diagnosis edit nbsp Diffuse illumination of cornea As Kayser Fleischer rings do not cause any symptoms it is common for them to be identified during investigations for other medical conditions In certain situations they are actively sought in that case the early stages may be detected by slit lamp examination before they become visible to the naked eye 1 See also editFleischer ring Hudson Stahli line Limbal ringReferences edit a b c d e McDonnell G Esmonde T 1999 A homesick student Postgrad Med J 75 884 375 8 doi 10 1136 pgmj 75 884 375 PMC 1741256 PMID 10435182 Kayser B 1902 Uber einen Fall von angeborener grunlicher Verfarbung des Cornea Klin Monatsbl Augenheilk 40 2 22 25 Fleischer B 1903 Zwei weitere Falle von grunlicher Verfarbung der Kornea Klin Monatsbl Augenheilk 41 1 489 491 synd 1758 at Who Named It Gerlach W Rohrschneider W 1934 Besteht das Pigment des Kayser Fleischerschen Hornhautringes aus Silber Klin Wochenschr 13 2 48 49 doi 10 1007 BF01799043 Kayser Fleischer rings GPnotebook External links edit Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Kayser Fleischer ring amp oldid 1138915317, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
