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Katpadi Assembly constituency

Coordinates: 12°59′N 79°08′E / 12.98°N 79.13°E / 12.98; 79.13

Katpadi is a state assembly constituency in Vellore district in Tamil Nadu, India.[2] Its State Assembly Constituency number is 40. It comprises portions of the Katpadi, Vellore, and Walajah taluks. It is a part of Arakkonam constituency for national elections to the Parliament of India.[3] The constituency was formed in 1962 by separating Gudiyatham constituency.[4] It is one of the 234 State Legislative Assembly Constituencies in Tamil Nadu, in India.

Katpadi
Constituency for the State Assembly
Constituency Details
CountryIndia
StateTamil Nadu
DistrictVellore
LS constituencyArakkonam
Total electors2,48,567[1]
Member of Legislative Assembly
Current MLADurai Murugan
Party  DMK  
Elected year2021

Demographics

Demographics (2016)
Category Data
Created 2016
Adi dravidar 25%
Vanniyar 25%
Sengunthar kaikolar mudaliar 20%
Telugu People and Religious Minorities 20%
Others 10%
Total Electorate(2016) 2,29,868

[5]

Madras State

Year Winner Party
1962 B. Rajagopal Naidu Indian National Congress
1967 G. Natarajan Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam

Tamil Nadu

Election Results

Vote share of Winning candidates
2021
46.18%
2016
50.90%
2011
49.55%
2006
57.45%
2001
49.47%
1996
61.20%
1991
56.43%
1989
43.41%
1984
57.08%
1980
46.48%
1977
38.18%
1971
57.79%
1967
53.06%
1962
44.19%

2021

2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election : Katpadi[6]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
DMK Durai Murugan 85,140 46.18% -4.72
AIADMK V. Ramu 84,394 45.78% +8.34
NTK S. Thirukkumaran 10,449 5.67% +5.03
NOTA NOTA 1,889 1.02% -0.38
AMMK A. S. Raja 1,066 0.58% New
IJK M. Sudharsan 1,003 0.54% New
Margin of victory 746 0.40% -13.06%
Turnout 184,357 74.17% -3.21%
Rejected ballots 517 0.28%
Registered electors 248,567
DMK hold Swing -4.72%

2016

2016 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election : Katpadi[7]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
DMK Durai Murugan 90,534 50.90% +1.35
AIADMK S. R. K. Appu 66,588 37.44% -10.15
PMK N. T. Shanmugam 12,728 7.16% New
NOTA NOTA 2,492 1.40% New
TMC T. V. Sivanandam 2,163 1.22% New
NTK L. Puviarasan 1,135 0.64% New
Margin of victory 23,946 13.46% 11.50%
Turnout 177,870 77.38% -2.17%
Registered electors 229,868
DMK hold Swing 1.35%

2011

2011 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election : Katpadi[8]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
DMK Durai Murugan 75,064 49.55% -7.9
AIADMK S. R. K. Appu (A) S. Radhakrishnan. 72,091 47.59% +13.39
BJP A. Varadarajan 1,539 1.02% -0.01
Independent M. Sriram 1,067 0.70% New
Margin of victory 2,973 1.96% -21.29%
Turnout 151,498 79.54% 9.15%
Registered electors 190,456
DMK hold Swing -7.90%

2006

2006 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election : Katpadi[9]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
DMK Durai Murugan 86,824 57.45% +7.98
AIADMK B. Narayanan 51,677 34.19% New
DMDK S. Radha Krishanan 8,492 5.62% New
BJP V. R. Suresh 1,543 1.02% New
Independent K. Jaganathan 779 0.52% New
Margin of victory 35,147 23.26% 17.09%
Turnout 151,130 70.39% 3.43%
Registered electors 214,702
DMK hold Swing 7.98%

2001

2001 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election : Katpadi[10]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
DMK Durai Murugan 64,187 49.47% -11.73
PMK A. K. Natarajan 56,185 43.30% +39.21
MDMK Satchidanandam D 2,923 2.25% New
Independent S. Sellapandiyan 1,997 1.54% New
PB G. Deenadhayalan 1,563 1.20% New
Independent M. Velmurugan 1,071 0.83% New
Independent Venkatesan K 781 0.60% New
Independent A. N. Selvam 766 0.59% New
Margin of victory 8,002 6.17% -27.10%
Turnout 129,746 66.96% -3.43%
Registered electors 193,925
DMK hold Swing -11.73%

1996

1996 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election : Katpadi[11]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
DMK Durai Murugan 75,439 61.20% +28.18
AIADMK K. Pandurangan 34,432 27.93% -28.5
PMK B. Murugesan 5,042 4.09% New
CPI(M) T. R. Purushothaman 4,819 3.91% New
Independent S. Sellapandian 2,037 1.65% New
Margin of victory 41,007 33.27% 9.86%
Turnout 123,266 70.39% 3.62%
Registered electors 181,380
DMK gain from AIADMK Swing 4.77%

1991

1991 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election : Katpadi[12]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
AIADMK K. M. Kalaiselvi 63,005 56.43% +32.96
DMK Durai Murugan 36,866 33.02% -10.39
PMK M. Damodaran 8,778 7.86% New
Independent G. Subramani 1,980 1.77% New
Margin of victory 26,139 23.41% 3.47%
Turnout 111,652 66.77% -2.93%
Registered electors 173,715
AIADMK gain from DMK Swing 13.02%

1989

1989 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election : Katpadi[13]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
DMK Durai Murugan 43,181 43.41% +3.79
AIADMK R. Margabandu 23,344 23.47% -33.61
INC V. Dhandayutha Pani 20,859 20.97% New
AIADMK A. M. Ragunatan 8,858 8.90% -48.17
Independent K. P. Santhana Raj 2,192 2.20% New
Margin of victory 19,837 19.94% 2.48%
Turnout 99,475 69.71% -6.02%
Registered electors 145,879
DMK gain from AIADMK Swing -13.67%

1984

1984 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election : Katpadi[14]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
AIADMK G. Raghupathi 53,077 57.08% New
DMK Durai Murugan 36,839 39.62% New
Independent T. K. Somasundaram 1,195 1.29% New
Independent R. G. S. Mahalingam 983 1.06% New
Independent K. P. Santhanaraj 894 0.96% New
Margin of victory 16,238 17.46% 9.78%
Turnout 92,988 75.73% 18.09%
Registered electors 127,249
AIADMK gain from CPI Swing 10.60%

1980

1980 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election : Katpadi[15]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
CPI N. A. Poongavanam 31,918 46.48% New
INC A. K. Shanmugasundaram 26,639 38.79% +34.37
JP T. R. Ranga Reddy 7,214 10.50% New
Independent M. A. Jayavelu 2,905 4.23% New
Margin of victory 5,279 7.69% 1.02%
Turnout 68,676 57.64% -5.08%
Registered electors 121,387
CPI gain from AIADMK Swing 8.30%

1977

1977 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election : Katpadi[16]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
AIADMK M. A. Jayavelu 26,873 38.18% New
DMK Sambasivam 22,183 31.51% -26.27
JP K. P. Navakoti 15,683 22.28% New
INC V. N. Rathinam 3,114 4.42% -27.82
Independent P. Natarajan 1,112 1.58% New
Independent Ramasamy Alias Shozhan 878 1.25% New
Independent K. Govindaraji 546 0.78% New
Margin of victory 4,690 6.66% -18.88%
Turnout 70,389 62.72% -11.43%
Registered electors 113,689
AIADMK gain from DMK Swing -19.61%

1971

1971 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election : Katpadi[17]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
DMK Durai Murugan 37,487 57.79% +4.73
INC Dhandayuthapani 20,919 32.25% -8.05
CPI(M) Sundaram 6,133 9.45% New
Independent M. Manickam 329 0.51% New
Margin of victory 16,568 25.54% 12.79%
Turnout 64,868 74.15% -4.87%
Registered electors 91,305
DMK hold Swing 4.73%

1967

1967 Madras Legislative Assembly election : Katpadi[18]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
DMK G. Natarajan 32,952 53.06% +18.38
INC P. S. R. Naidu 25,032 40.30% -3.88
RPI C. Gopal 4,125 6.64% New
Margin of victory 7,920 12.75% 3.24%
Turnout 62,109 79.02% 5.40%
Registered electors 82,615
DMK gain from INC Swing 8.87%

1962

1962 Madras Legislative Assembly election : Katpadi[19]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
INC B. Rajagopal Naidu 26,389 44.19% New
DMK Natarajan 20,710 34.68% New
CPI Kothandaraman 10,192 17.07% New
PSP A. Kulasekara Naidu 1,219 2.04% New
Independent C. R. Gopal 1,212 2.03% New
Margin of victory 5,679 9.51%
Turnout 59,722 73.62%
Registered electors 85,824
INC win (new seat)


References

  1. ^ (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 December 2021. Retrieved 27 January 2022.
  2. ^ . Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly. Archived from the original on 14 June 2012. Retrieved 25 January 2017.
  3. ^ "Tamil Nadu - Final Notification & Order" (PDF). Delimitation Commission of India. National Informatics Centre. Retrieved 25 January 2017.
  4. ^ . Dina Mani. 9 March 2011. Archived from the original on 10 July 2011. Retrieved 9 March 2011.
  5. ^ "Katpadi Legestrative continuous victory". Dinakaran. 2016.
  6. ^ "katpadi Election Result". Retrieved 15 October 2022.
  7. ^ (PDF). www.elections.tn.gov.in. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 April 2022. Retrieved 30 April 2022.
  8. ^ (PDF). Election Commission of Tamil Nadu (Report). Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 February 2017. Retrieved 9 May 2021.
  9. ^ Election Commission of India. (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 October 2010. Retrieved 12 May 2006.
  10. ^ Election Commission of India (12 May 2001). (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 October 2010.
  11. ^ Election Commission of India. (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 October 2010. Retrieved 19 April 2009.
  12. ^ Election Commission of India. (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 October 2010. Retrieved 19 April 2009.
  13. ^ Election Commission of India. (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 October 2010. Retrieved 19 April 2009.
  14. ^ Election Commission of India. (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 January 2012. Retrieved 19 April 2009.
  15. ^ Election Commission of India. (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 October 2010. Retrieved 19 April 2009.
  16. ^ Election Commission of India. (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 October 2010. Retrieved 19 April 2009.
  17. ^ Election Commission of India. (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 October 2010. Retrieved 19 April 2009.
  18. ^ Election Commission of India. (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 March 2012. Retrieved 19 April 2009.
  19. ^ Election Commission of India. (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 January 2013. Retrieved 19 April 2009.
  • . Election Commission of India. Archived from the original on 5 October 2010. Retrieved 8 July 2010.

katpadi, assembly, constituency, coordinates, katpadi, state, assembly, constituency, vellore, district, tamil, nadu, india, state, assembly, constituency, number, comprises, portions, katpadi, vellore, walajah, taluks, part, arakkonam, constituency, national,. Coordinates 12 59 N 79 08 E 12 98 N 79 13 E 12 98 79 13 Katpadi is a state assembly constituency in Vellore district in Tamil Nadu India 2 Its State Assembly Constituency number is 40 It comprises portions of the Katpadi Vellore and Walajah taluks It is a part of Arakkonam constituency for national elections to the Parliament of India 3 The constituency was formed in 1962 by separating Gudiyatham constituency 4 It is one of the 234 State Legislative Assembly Constituencies in Tamil Nadu in India KatpadiConstituency for the State AssemblyConstituency DetailsCountryIndiaStateTamil NaduDistrictVelloreLS constituencyArakkonamTotal electors2 48 567 1 Member of Legislative AssemblyCurrent MLADurai MuruganParty DMK Elected year2021 Contents 1 Demographics 2 Madras State 3 Tamil Nadu 4 Election Results 4 1 2021 4 2 2016 4 3 2011 4 4 2006 4 5 2001 4 6 1996 4 7 1991 4 8 1989 4 9 1984 4 10 1980 4 11 1977 4 12 1971 4 13 1967 4 14 1962 5 ReferencesDemographics EditDemographics 2016 Category DataCreated 2016Adi dravidar 25 Vanniyar 25 Sengunthar kaikolar mudaliar 20 Telugu People and Religious Minorities 20 Others 10 Total Electorate 2016 2 29 868 5 Madras State EditYear Winner Party1962 B Rajagopal Naidu Indian National Congress1967 G Natarajan Dravida Munnetra KazhagamTamil Nadu EditYear Winner Party1971 Durai Murugan Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam1977 M A Jayavelu All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam1980 N A Poongavanam Communist Party of India1984 G Ragupathi All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam1989 Durai Murugan Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam1991 K M Kalaiselvi All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam1996 Duraimurugan Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam2001 Duraimurugan Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam2006 Duraimurugan Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam2011 Duraimurugan Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam2016 Duraimurugan Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam2021 Duraimurugan Dravida Munnetra KazhagamElection Results EditVote share of Winning candidates2021 46 18 2016 50 90 2011 49 55 2006 57 45 2001 49 47 1996 61 20 1991 56 43 1989 43 41 1984 57 08 1980 46 48 1977 38 18 1971 57 79 1967 53 06 1962 44 19 2021 Edit 2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election Katpadi 6 Party Candidate Votes DMK Durai Murugan 85 140 46 18 4 72AIADMK V Ramu 84 394 45 78 8 34NTK S Thirukkumaran 10 449 5 67 5 03NOTA NOTA 1 889 1 02 0 38AMMK A S Raja 1 066 0 58 NewIJK M Sudharsan 1 003 0 54 NewMargin of victory 746 0 40 13 06 Turnout 184 357 74 17 3 21 Rejected ballots 517 0 28 Registered electors 248 567DMK hold Swing 4 72 2016 Edit 2016 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election Katpadi 7 Party Candidate Votes DMK Durai Murugan 90 534 50 90 1 35AIADMK S R K Appu 66 588 37 44 10 15PMK N T Shanmugam 12 728 7 16 NewNOTA NOTA 2 492 1 40 NewTMC T V Sivanandam 2 163 1 22 NewNTK L Puviarasan 1 135 0 64 NewMargin of victory 23 946 13 46 11 50 Turnout 177 870 77 38 2 17 Registered electors 229 868DMK hold Swing 1 35 2011 Edit 2011 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election Katpadi 8 Party Candidate Votes DMK Durai Murugan 75 064 49 55 7 9AIADMK S R K Appu A S Radhakrishnan 72 091 47 59 13 39BJP A Varadarajan 1 539 1 02 0 01Independent M Sriram 1 067 0 70 NewMargin of victory 2 973 1 96 21 29 Turnout 151 498 79 54 9 15 Registered electors 190 456DMK hold Swing 7 90 2006 Edit 2006 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election Katpadi 9 Party Candidate Votes DMK Durai Murugan 86 824 57 45 7 98AIADMK B Narayanan 51 677 34 19 NewDMDK S Radha Krishanan 8 492 5 62 NewBJP V R Suresh 1 543 1 02 NewIndependent K Jaganathan 779 0 52 NewMargin of victory 35 147 23 26 17 09 Turnout 151 130 70 39 3 43 Registered electors 214 702DMK hold Swing 7 98 2001 Edit 2001 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election Katpadi 10 Party Candidate Votes DMK Durai Murugan 64 187 49 47 11 73PMK A K Natarajan 56 185 43 30 39 21MDMK Satchidanandam D 2 923 2 25 NewIndependent S Sellapandiyan 1 997 1 54 NewPB G Deenadhayalan 1 563 1 20 NewIndependent M Velmurugan 1 071 0 83 NewIndependent Venkatesan K 781 0 60 NewIndependent A N Selvam 766 0 59 NewMargin of victory 8 002 6 17 27 10 Turnout 129 746 66 96 3 43 Registered electors 193 925DMK hold Swing 11 73 1996 Edit 1996 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election Katpadi 11 Party Candidate Votes DMK Durai Murugan 75 439 61 20 28 18AIADMK K Pandurangan 34 432 27 93 28 5PMK B Murugesan 5 042 4 09 NewCPI M T R Purushothaman 4 819 3 91 NewIndependent S Sellapandian 2 037 1 65 NewMargin of victory 41 007 33 27 9 86 Turnout 123 266 70 39 3 62 Registered electors 181 380DMK gain from AIADMK Swing 4 77 1991 Edit 1991 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election Katpadi 12 Party Candidate Votes AIADMK K M Kalaiselvi 63 005 56 43 32 96DMK Durai Murugan 36 866 33 02 10 39PMK M Damodaran 8 778 7 86 NewIndependent G Subramani 1 980 1 77 NewMargin of victory 26 139 23 41 3 47 Turnout 111 652 66 77 2 93 Registered electors 173 715AIADMK gain from DMK Swing 13 02 1989 Edit 1989 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election Katpadi 13 Party Candidate Votes DMK Durai Murugan 43 181 43 41 3 79AIADMK R Margabandu 23 344 23 47 33 61INC V Dhandayutha Pani 20 859 20 97 NewAIADMK A M Ragunatan 8 858 8 90 48 17Independent K P Santhana Raj 2 192 2 20 NewMargin of victory 19 837 19 94 2 48 Turnout 99 475 69 71 6 02 Registered electors 145 879DMK gain from AIADMK Swing 13 67 1984 Edit 1984 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election Katpadi 14 Party Candidate Votes AIADMK G Raghupathi 53 077 57 08 NewDMK Durai Murugan 36 839 39 62 NewIndependent T K Somasundaram 1 195 1 29 NewIndependent R G S Mahalingam 983 1 06 NewIndependent K P Santhanaraj 894 0 96 NewMargin of victory 16 238 17 46 9 78 Turnout 92 988 75 73 18 09 Registered electors 127 249AIADMK gain from CPI Swing 10 60 1980 Edit 1980 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election Katpadi 15 Party Candidate Votes CPI N A Poongavanam 31 918 46 48 NewINC A K Shanmugasundaram 26 639 38 79 34 37JP T R Ranga Reddy 7 214 10 50 NewIndependent M A Jayavelu 2 905 4 23 NewMargin of victory 5 279 7 69 1 02 Turnout 68 676 57 64 5 08 Registered electors 121 387CPI gain from AIADMK Swing 8 30 1977 Edit 1977 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election Katpadi 16 Party Candidate Votes AIADMK M A Jayavelu 26 873 38 18 NewDMK Sambasivam 22 183 31 51 26 27JP K P Navakoti 15 683 22 28 NewINC V N Rathinam 3 114 4 42 27 82Independent P Natarajan 1 112 1 58 NewIndependent Ramasamy Alias Shozhan 878 1 25 NewIndependent K Govindaraji 546 0 78 NewMargin of victory 4 690 6 66 18 88 Turnout 70 389 62 72 11 43 Registered electors 113 689AIADMK gain from DMK Swing 19 61 1971 Edit 1971 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election Katpadi 17 Party Candidate Votes DMK Durai Murugan 37 487 57 79 4 73INC Dhandayuthapani 20 919 32 25 8 05CPI M Sundaram 6 133 9 45 NewIndependent M Manickam 329 0 51 NewMargin of victory 16 568 25 54 12 79 Turnout 64 868 74 15 4 87 Registered electors 91 305DMK hold Swing 4 73 1967 Edit 1967 Madras Legislative Assembly election Katpadi 18 Party Candidate Votes DMK G Natarajan 32 952 53 06 18 38INC P S R Naidu 25 032 40 30 3 88RPI C Gopal 4 125 6 64 NewMargin of victory 7 920 12 75 3 24 Turnout 62 109 79 02 5 40 Registered electors 82 615DMK gain from INC Swing 8 87 1962 Edit 1962 Madras Legislative Assembly election Katpadi 19 Party Candidate Votes INC B Rajagopal Naidu 26 389 44 19 NewDMK Natarajan 20 710 34 68 NewCPI Kothandaraman 10 192 17 07 NewPSP A Kulasekara Naidu 1 219 2 04 NewIndependent C R Gopal 1 212 2 03 NewMargin of victory 5 679 9 51 Turnout 59 722 73 62 Registered electors 85 824INC win new seat References Edit Form 21E Return of Election PDF Archived from the original PDF on 22 December 2021 Retrieved 27 January 2022 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly Constituency Map Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly Archived from the original on 14 June 2012 Retrieved 25 January 2017 Tamil Nadu Final Notification amp Order PDF Delimitation Commission of India National Informatics Centre Retrieved 25 January 2017 க ட ப ட ய ல த ர ம ர கன ம ண ட ம ப ட ட Dina Mani 9 March 2011 Archived from the original on 10 July 2011 Retrieved 9 March 2011 Katpadi Legestrative continuous victory Dinakaran 2016 katpadi Election Result Retrieved 15 October 2022 Assembly wise Candidate Valid Votes count 2016 Tamil Nadu PDF www elections tn gov in Archived from the original PDF on 30 April 2022 Retrieved 30 April 2022 Detailes Result 2011 Aseembly Election Tamil Nadu PDF Election Commission of Tamil Nadu Report Archived from the original PDF on 15 February 2017 Retrieved 9 May 2021 Election Commission of India 2006 Election Statistical Report PDF Archived from the original PDF on 7 October 2010 Retrieved 12 May 2006 Election Commission of India 12 May 2001 Statistical Report on General Election 2001 PDF Archived from the original PDF on 6 October 2010 Election Commission of India 1996 Election Statistical Report PDF Archived from the original PDF on 7 October 2010 Retrieved 19 April 2009 Election Commission of India Statistical Report on General Election 1991 PDF Archived from the original PDF on 7 October 2010 Retrieved 19 April 2009 Election Commission of India Statistical Report on General Election 1989 PDF Archived from the original PDF on 6 October 2010 Retrieved 19 April 2009 Election Commission of India Statistical Report on General Election 1984 PDF Archived from the original PDF on 17 January 2012 Retrieved 19 April 2009 Election Commission of India Statistical Report on General Election 1980 PDF Archived from the original PDF on 6 October 2010 Retrieved 19 April 2009 Election Commission of India Statistical Report on General Election 1977 PDF Archived from the original PDF on 7 October 2010 Retrieved 19 April 2009 Election Commission of India Statistical Report on General Election 1971 PDF Archived from the original PDF on 6 October 2010 Retrieved 19 April 2009 Election Commission of India Statistical Report on General Election 1967 PDF Archived from the original PDF on 20 March 2012 Retrieved 19 April 2009 Election Commission of India Statistical Report on General Election 1962 PDF Archived from the original PDF on 27 January 2013 Retrieved 19 April 2009 Statistical reports of assembly elections Election Commission of India Archived from the original on 5 October 2010 Retrieved 8 July 2010 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Katpadi Assembly constituency amp oldid 1118788044, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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