Katharine Drexel
Katharine Drexel, SBS (born Catherine Mary Drexel; November 26, 1858 – March 3, 1955) was an American Catholic heiress, philanthropist, religious sister, and educator. In 1891, she founded the Sisters of the Blessed Sacrament, a religious order serving Black and Indigenous Americans.
Katharine Drexel | |
|---|---|
St. Katharine Drexel | |
| Foundress | |
| Born | November 26, 1858 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S. |
| Died | March 3, 1955 (aged 96) Bensalem, Pennsylvania, U.S. |
| Venerated in | Roman Catholic Church |
| Beatified | November 20, 1988 by Pope John Paul II |
| Canonized | October 1, 2000 by Pope John Paul II |
| Major shrine | Cathedral Basilica of Saints Peter and Paul, Philadelphia, U.S. |
| Feast | March 3 |
| Patronage | Philanthropy, racial justice |
Canonized by Pope John Paul II in 2000, Drexel was the second person born in what is now the United States to be made a saint and the first who was born a U.S. citizen.
Early life
Katharine Mary Drexel was born Catherine Marie Drexel in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on November 26, 1858, to Francis Anthony Drexel and Hannah Langstroth. She had an older sister, Elizabeth.[1] Her family owned a considerable banking fortune, and her uncle Anthony Joseph Drexel was the founder of Drexel University in Philadelphia. She was a distant cousin of former first lady Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis on her father's side.
Langstroth died five weeks after Katharine's birth and Anthony Joseph and his wife Ellen cared for Katharine and Elizabeth for the next two years. Her father married Emma Bouvier in 1860, brought his older children home, and had a third daughter, Louise, in 1863.[1]
The girls grew up in a wealthy and religious household with charitable principles. Emma would regularly distribute food and clothing at her home to people.[2]
The family lived on a 90-acre estate in Torresdale named St. Michel in honor of St. Michael the Archangel.[3] Rev. James O'Connor was pastor of St. Dominic's in nearby Holmesburg, Philadelphia and served as chaplain to the Society of the Sacred Heart at their motherhouse at Eden Hall in Torresdale where Katherine's maternal aunt was mother superior. In 1876, he was appointed vicar apostolic of Nebraska, an area that covered Nebraska, northeastern Colorado, Wyoming, and parts of Utah, Montana and the Dakotas. He was consecrated titular Bishop of Dibona at the chapel at Eden Hall.[4] Katherine was awakened to the plight of indigenous American people during a family trip to the Western United States.
Religious work
In these early years, she traveled extensively, both in this country and abroad. In 1886, during an audience with Pope Leo XIII, she was urged to become a missionary and to realize her desire to assist the Indian and African American population in the country.[5] In 1889, Katharine Drexel fulfilled that wish by entering a convent of the Sisters of Mercy and in February 1891, she founded the Congregation of the Sisters of the Blessed Sacrament for Indians and Colored People. Drexel decided to establish the congregation to address the needs of Native Americans and African Americans in the southern, western and United States, as well as the poor black communities. She served as first Superior General of the congregation and held that position until 1937, when illness made it necessary that she retire from active administration of her flock.[5]
As appeal by the late Archbishop James H. Blenk brought Mother Katharine to New Orleans in 1915 to open the way for the education of the black youth in the city.[5] This lead to the purchase of the old Southern University site, and establishing Xavier High School, later known as Xavier Preparatory School. She financed more than 60 missions and schools around the United States, as well as founding Xavier University of Louisiana[6] – the only historically Black and Catholic university in the United States. She financed Mother Loyola, the blood sister and successor of foundress Lucy Eaton Smith of the Dominican Sisters of St. Catherine de' Ricci, to care for Afro-Cuban children in Havana, Cuba during and after the Spanish–American War. The children had been orphaned by the war, and no other church or government entity was willing to support them because they were children of color. In 1942, the Republic of Haiti acknowledged her with the Honneur et Merite Medal and the following year, she was recipient of the Sienna Medal for the most distinctive contribution to Catholic life in the United States.[5]
Other honors included the DeSmet Medal from Gonzaga University, Spokane, Wash., 1938; the Catholic Action Medal from the Knights of Columbus, Santo Domingo Council, Philadelphia, 1938; and an award and scroll by the Catholic Committee of the South, 1942.[5]
Sainthood
Drexel is one of only a few American saints and the second American-born saint (Elizabeth Ann Seton was a natural-born US citizen, born in New York City in 1774 and canonized in 1975).
Drexel was beatified by Pope John Paul II on November 20, 1988, when her first miracle through prayer—healing the severe ear infection of teenage Robert Gutherman in 1974—was accepted.[7] She was canonized on October 1, 2000,[8] when her 1994 miracle of reversing congenital deafness in 2-year old Amy Wall was recognized.[9]
The Vatican cited a fourfold legacy of Drexel:
- A love of the Eucharist and perspective on the unity of all peoples;
- courage and initiative in addressing social inequality among minorities;
- her efforts to achieve quality education for all;
- and selfless service, including the donation of her inheritance, for the victims of injustice. (She is known as the patron saint of racial justice and of philanthropists.[10]
Her feast day is observed on March 3, the anniversary of her death. She is buried in Cornwells Heights, Bensalem Township, Pennsylvania.
The "Saint Katharine Drexel Mission Center and National Shrine" was formerly located at St. Elizabeth's Convent in Bensalem, Pennsylvania. The Mission Center offered retreat programs, historic site tours, days of prayer, presentations about Saint Katharine Drexel, as well as lectures and seminars related to her legacy. The convent was subsequently sold and in August, 2018, Drexel's remains were transferred to a new shrine at the.Cathedral Basilica of Saints Peter and Paul in Philadelphia.
A second-class relic of Drexel can be found inside the altar of the Mary chapel at St. Raphael the Archangel Catholic Church in Raleigh, North Carolina,[11] and in the Day Chapel of Saint Katharine Drexel Parish in Sugar Grove, Illinois.
Namesakes
Numerous Catholic parishes, schools, and churches bear the name of St. Katharine Drexel.
Parishes
- St. Katharine Drexel Parish of Maple, North Carolina
- St. Katharine Drexel Parish of Ione, California
- St. Katharine Drexel Parish of Martell, California
- St. Katharine Drexel Parish of Cape Coral, Florida[12]
- St. Katharine Drexel Parish of Venice, Florida
- St. Katharine Drexel Parish of Weston, Florida
- St. Katharine Drexel Mission of Trenton, Georgia
- St. Katharine Drexel Parish of Cascade, Idaho
- St. Katharine Drexel Parish of Springfield, Illinois
- St. Katharine Drexel Parish of Sugar Grove, Illinois
- St. Katharine Drexel Parish of Frederick, Maryland
- St. Katharine Drexel Parish of Roxbury, Massachusetts
- St. Katharine Drexel Parish of Ramsey, Minnesota
- St. Katharine Drexel Parish of Alton, New Hampshire
- St. Katharine Drexel Parish of Burlington, New Jersey
- St. Katharine Drexel Parish of Egg Harbor Township, New Jersey
- St. Katharine Drexel Parish of Buffalo, New York
- St. Katharine Drexel Parish of Bentleyville, Pennsylvania
- St. Katharine Drexel Parish of Chester, Pennsylvania
- St. Katharine Drexel Parish of Lansford, Pennsylvania
- St. Katharine Drexel Parish of Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania
- St. Katharine Drexel Parish of Pleasant Mount, Pennsylvania
- St. Katharine Drexel Parish of Sioux Falls, South Dakota
- St. Katharine Drexel Parish of Hempstead, Texas
- St. Katharine Drexel Parish of Beaver Dam, Wisconsin[13]
- St. Katharine Drexel Parish of Kaukauna, Wisconsin
- St. Katharine Drexel Parish of New Orleans, f/k/a Holy Ghost Parish
- St. Joseph's Shrine of St. Katharine Drexel, Columbia, Virginia[14]
- St. Katharine Drexel Mission of Haymarket, Virginia
- Our Lady of the Assumption Catholic Church's shrine of St. Katharine Drexel, Carencro, Louisiana
Schools
Schools St. Katharine Drexel founded or funded include (but are not limited to):
- Xavier University of Louisiana
- St. Benedict the Moor School
- Blessed Sacrament Catholic School, Beaumont, Texas
- Sacred Heart Catholic School, Port Arthur, Texas.
- St. Joseph Indian Normal School, now called Drexel Hall, on the campus of St. Joseph's College, Rensselaer, Indiana. The Indian Normal School operated from 1888 to 1896. A school for boys, the Federal Indian Boarding School Initiative indicates children were "taken" from reservations in order to matriculate here. See page 350 of cited source.[15]
- St. Michael Indian School, serving grades K–12 in St. Michaels, Arizona
- St. Mark School, the first in New York City for African-American Catholic children
- Our Lady of Lourdes Catholic Church and School, Founded 1912, Atlanta, Georgia
- St. Vincent De Paul Catholic Church and School, Founded 1932, Nashville, Tennessee
- St. Ignatius of Loyola Parish was founded in 1893. St. Katharine Drexel and the Sisters of the Blessed Sacrament opened St. Ignatius of Loyola School in 1926. The school moved to its current facility in 1967 in Philadelphia. [16]
- St. Emma's Industrial and Agricultural Institute (later St. Emma Military Academy for Boys) founded on the Belmead Plantation near Powhatan, Virginia in 1897
- St. Frances de Sales School for Girls founded on the Belmead Plantation near Powhatan, Virginia in 1899
- St. Peter Claver Catholic School in Macon, Georgia, in 1913 with the help of Bishop Benjamin Kiely and Father Ignatius Lissner.
- Kate Drexel Industrial Boarding School, on the Umatilla Reservation in Pendleton, Oregon. Operated from 1847 to at least as late as 1929. See page 185 of cited source.[15]
- St. John's School for Osage Indian Boys, Blackburn, Oklahoma. Operated from 1888 to 1913, reportedly at the request of the Osage Nation. See page 347 of cited source.[15]
- St. Mary's Indian Industrial School, on the Turtle Mountain Reservation in Belcourt, North Dakota. Operated from 1884 to 1910. See page 359 of cited source.[15]
Schools named in her honor include:
- Katharine Drexel Elementary School of Broussard, Louisiana
- St. Katharine Drexel School of St. Cloud and Sauk Rapids, Minnesota
- St. Katharine Drexel School of St. Louis
- St. Katharine Drexel School of Philadelphia
- St. Katharine Drexel School of Sioux Falls, South Dakota
- St. Katharine Drexel School of Beaver Dam, Wisconsin
- St. Katharine Drexel Regional Catholic School of Holland, Pennsylvania
- St. Katharine Drexel Preparatory High School New Orleans
- St. Katharine Drexel School of Wichita, Kansas
- St. Katharine Drexel Adult Learning Center at Catholic Charities of Tulsa, Oklahoma
- St. Theresa's Institute, the predecessor of Holy Family School and Holy Family Classical School of Holy Family Cathedral (Tulsa, Oklahoma)
- St. Katharine Drexel Preparatory – Catholic Diocese of Richmond, Virginia
- St. Katharine Drexel School (previously St. Germaine School) of Pittsburgh
- St. Katharine Drexel Academy in San Diego, California
- St. Edward School New Iberia, Louisiana
Churches and chapels
- Katharine-Drexel Kapelle, Dornbirn, Austria—the birthplace of Drexel's grandfather Francis Martin Drexel
- St. Katharine Drexel Chapel and Retirement Center, El Reno, Oklahoma
- St. Katharine Drexel Catholic Church, New Orleans
- St. Katharine Drexel Catholic Mission, Maple, North Carolina
- St. Katharine Drexel Catholic Church, Martell, California
- St. Katharine Drexel Summer Chapel, Harpswell, Maine
- St. Katharine Drexel Chapel Drexel university campus Philadelphia, PA
- St. Katharine Drexel Chapel (on the campus of Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans)[17]
The choir loft window in the Chapel of Our Lady of the Sioux, Saint Joseph's Indian School, Chamberlain, South Dakota, was donated by the Drexel Family.
Streets
- Drexel Road, Tucson, Arizona[18]
- Drexel Drive, New Orleans, LA
Drexel Avenue, Oak Creek, Milwaukee County, Wisconsin. (Drexel Towne Centre, Oak Creek, Milwaukee County, Wisconsin.)
Other
- The St. Katharine Drexel Region of the Secular Franciscan Order
- Katharine Drexel library located on Knights Road in Philadelphia, PA.[19]
See also
References
- ^ a b "Timeline", Sisters of the Blessed Sacrament
- ^ "The Other Drexel: Louise Drexel Morrell". Catholic Historical Research Center of the Archdiocese of Philadelphia. April 9, 2010. Retrieved January 3, 2023.
- ^ "St. Katharine Drexel", Philanthropy Roundtable
- ^ "Rev. James O'Connor" (obit), San Francisco Call, May 28, 1890 This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- ^ a b c d e "Mother Katharine Drexel Devoted 65 Years of Life to God and Man". The Xavier Herald. March 1, 1955. p. 1. Retrieved July 31, 2023.
- ^ "XU Quick Facts". Xavier University of Louisiana. Retrieved December 13, 2010.
- ^ "This Man's Ear Was Miraculously Healed, Thanks to St. Katharine Drexel". NCR. Retrieved January 2, 2023.
- ^ "Saint Katharine Drexel", Franciscan Media
- ^ "Pope declares miracle, clears way for sainthood Girl's cure is 2nd to be attributed to Mother Drexel". Deseret News. January 29, 2000. Retrieved January 2, 2023.
- ^ "KATHARINE DREXEL (1858-1955)", Holy See
- ^ St. Raphael the Archangel Catholic Church, Raleigh, North Carolina
- ^ St. Katherine Drexel Parish, Cape Coral, Florida
- ^ SKD Parish Beaver Dam, WI
- ^ St. Joseph's Shrine of St. Katharine Drexel, Columbia, Virginia Archived 2014-07-11 at archive.today, richmonddiocese.org; accessed October 19, 2014.
- ^ a b c d https://www.bia.gov/sites/default/files/dup/inline-files/appendix_a_b_school_listing_profiles_508.pdf[bare URL PDF]
- ^ "History".
- ^ Pope, John. "Xavier University chapel will 'create an air of beauty and mystery'". Times Picayune. Retrieved August 11, 2012.
- ^ David Leighton, "Street Smarts: Generous nun the namesake for Drexel Road," Arizona Daily Star, March 14, 2014
- ^ "FLP – Katharine Drexel Branch". Free Library of Philadelphia.
Further reading
- Tarry, Ellen (1958). St. Katharine Drexel: Friend of the Oppressed. New York: Farrar, Straus and Cudahy, Inc.
- "Mother Katharine Drexel and the birth of Xavier University". The Times Picayune. December 20, 2017. - By a contributing writer.
External links
- Katharine Drexel at Find a Grave
- Recipient of the Saint Katharine Drexel medal: Sr. Sandra Smithson, aka Sr. Maria Crucis, OSF, March 3, 2011.
- David Leighton, "Street Smarts: Generous nun the namesake for Drexel Road," Arizona Daily Star, March 4, 2014
- "St. Katharine Drexel", Sisters Of The Blessed Sacrament