The function of the council was to decide government affairs collectively,[2] and present opinions to the office of the first minister. The first minister then presented these opinions to the Dalai Lama and, during the Qing Dynasty the Amban, for a final decision. The privilege of presenting recommendations for appointing executive officials, governors and district commissioners gave the Council much power.
In August 1929, the Supreme Court of the Central Government stated that before the publication of new laws, laws in history regarding Tibet, regarding reincarnation of rinpoches, lamas were applicable[6]
On 28 March 1959, Zhou Enlai, the premier of the People's Republic of China (PRC), formally announced the dissolution of the Kashag.[7][8]
Headed by the council was the government administration, divided into ministries: political, military, economic, judicial, foreign, financial and educational departments. Except for the Ministry of Finance (Tibetan: རྩིས་ཁང་, Wylie: rtsis-khang, Lhasa dialect: [tsíkaŋ]; Chinese: 商上; pinyin: shāngshàng), all ministries had two representatives – one temporal and one monastic. The Ministry of Finance had three lay officials. Each of them held the title of Tsipön (Tibetan: རྩིས་དཔོན་, Wylie: rtsis-dpon, Lhasa dialect: [tsípø ̃]; Chinese: 仔琫; pinyin: zīběng). All ministries had a right to make decisions to the extent of their competence. Matters, or problems outside the competence of ministries were (with a particular ministry's given opinion) presented to the council. Everything outside the competence of the council was presented to the Dalai Lama himself.
In Constitution of Tibet (10 March 1963 – 13 June 1991)
On 29 April 1959, the 14th Dalai Lama re-established the Kashag. In 1963, the 14th Dalai Lama promulgated Constitution of Tibet, and he became Head of State of Kashag of Tibet, all ministers of Kashag were appointed by the Dalai Lama.[9]
In the Charter of Tibetans in Exile (14 June 1991 – 14 March 2011)
In 1974, the 14th Dalai Lama rejected calls for Tibetan independence.[10] In 1991, the Charter of Tibetans in Exile was created, and the Dalai Lama became head of the Tibetan Administration and the executive functions for Tibetans-in-exile. Kashag was created and it consisted of Chief Kalon and seven Kalons.
In the Charter of Tibetans in Exile (29 May 2011 – present)
In March 2011, at 71 years of age, he decided not to assume any political and administrative authority, the Charter of Tibetans in Exile was updated immediately in May 2011, with Kashag consisting of Sikyong and no more than seven Kalons.
^Jian, Chen (2006). "The Tibetan Rebellion of 1959 and China's Changing Relations with India and the Soviet Union". Journal of Cold War Studies. 8 (3): 54–101. doi:10.1162/jcws.2006.8.3.54. ISSN 1520-3972. JSTOR 26925942. S2CID 57566391.
^https://time.com/longform/dalai-lama-60-year-exile/ He has rejected calls for Tibetan independence since 1974 — acknowledging the geopolitical reality that any settlement must keep Tibet within the People’s Republic of China.
^Backman, Michael (2007-03-23). "Behind Dalai Lama's holy cloak". The Age. Retrieved 2010-11-20.
kashag, tibetan, བཀའ, ཤག, wylie, bkaʼ, shag, zypy, gaxag, lhasa, dialect, ˈkáɕaʔ, chinese, 噶廈, pinyin, gáxià, governing, council, tibet, during, rule, qing, dynasty, post, qing, period, until, 1950s, created, 1721, qianlong, emperor, 1751, ganden, phodrang, ar. The Kashag Tibetan བཀའ ཤག Wylie bkaʼ shag ZYPY Gaxag Lhasa dialect ˈkaɕaʔ Chinese 噶廈 pinyin Gaxia was the governing council of Tibet during the rule of the Qing dynasty and post Qing period until the 1950s It was created in 1721 1 and set by Qianlong Emperor in 1751 for the Ganden Phodrang in the 13 Article Ordinance for the More Effective Governing of Tibet In that year the Tibetan government was reorganized after the riots in Lhasa of the previous year The civil administration was represented by the Council Kashag after the post of Desi or Regent see dual system of government was abolished by the Qing imperial court The Qing imperial court wanted the 7th Dalai Lama to hold both religious and administrative rule while strengthening the position of the High Commissioners 2 3 4 5 The four Kalons of the Kashag in 1938 39 Norbu Dhondup in Lhasa Tibet in 1937 with Tibetan government Kashag passport or Lamyig for the 1938 British Mount Everest Expedition As specified by the 13 Article Ordinance for the More Effective Governing of Tibet Kashag was composed of three temporal officials and one monk official Each of them held the title of Kalon Tibetan བཀའ བ ན Wylie bkaʼ blon Lhasa dialect kalo Chinese 噶倫 pinyin galun sought appointment from the Qing imperial court and the Qing imperial court issued certificates of appointment 2 The function of the council was to decide government affairs collectively 2 and present opinions to the office of the first minister The first minister then presented these opinions to the Dalai Lama and during the Qing Dynasty the Amban for a final decision The privilege of presenting recommendations for appointing executive officials governors and district commissioners gave the Council much power In August 1929 the Supreme Court of the Central Government stated that before the publication of new laws laws in history regarding Tibet regarding reincarnation of rinpoches lamas were applicable 6 On 28 March 1959 Zhou Enlai the premier of the People s Republic of China PRC formally announced the dissolution of the Kashag 7 8 Contents 1 Ministries 2 In Constitution of Tibet 10 March 1963 13 June 1991 3 In the Charter of Tibetans in Exile 14 June 1991 14 March 2011 4 In the Charter of Tibetans in Exile 29 May 2011 present 5 References 6 See alsoMinistries Edit Organizational chart of Ganden Phodrang Headed by the council was the government administration divided into ministries political military economic judicial foreign financial and educational departments Except for the Ministry of Finance Tibetan ར ས ཁང Wylie rtsis khang Lhasa dialect tsikaŋ Chinese 商上 pinyin shangshang all ministries had two representatives one temporal and one monastic The Ministry of Finance had three lay officials Each of them held the title of Tsipon Tibetan ར ས དཔ ན Wylie rtsis dpon Lhasa dialect tsipo Chinese 仔琫 pinyin zibeng All ministries had a right to make decisions to the extent of their competence Matters or problems outside the competence of ministries were with a particular ministry s given opinion presented to the council Everything outside the competence of the council was presented to the Dalai Lama himself In Constitution of Tibet 10 March 1963 13 June 1991 EditOn 29 April 1959 the 14th Dalai Lama re established the Kashag In 1963 the 14th Dalai Lama promulgated Constitution of Tibet and he became Head of State of Kashag of Tibet all ministers of Kashag were appointed by the Dalai Lama 9 In the Charter of Tibetans in Exile 14 June 1991 14 March 2011 EditIn 1974 the 14th Dalai Lama rejected calls for Tibetan independence 10 In 1991 the Charter of Tibetans in Exile was created and the Dalai Lama became head of the Tibetan Administration and the executive functions for Tibetans in exile Kashag was created and it consisted of Chief Kalon and seven Kalons In the Charter of Tibetans in Exile 29 May 2011 present EditIn March 2011 at 71 years of age he decided not to assume any political and administrative authority the Charter of Tibetans in Exile was updated immediately in May 2011 with Kashag consisting of Sikyong and no more than seven Kalons According to Michael Backman notable past members of the Cabinet include Gyalo Thondup the Dalai Lama s eldest brother who served as Chairman of the Cabinet and as Kalon of Security and Jetsun Pema the Dalai Lama s younger sister who served variously as Kalon of Health and of Education 11 Article 12 of the 29 Article Ordinance for the More Effective Governing of Tibet states that relatives of the Dalai Lama or Panchen Lama must not hold government positions or participate in political affairs 12 Penpa Tsering Sikyong Dolma Gyari Kalon for Home Dicki Chhoyang Kalon for Information amp International Relations Pema Chinnjor Kalon for Religion amp Culture Ngodup Drongchung Kalon for Security Tsering Dhondup Kalon for Finance Tsering Wangchuk Kalon for HealthReferences Edit Dawa Norbu China s Tibet Policy a b c Jiawei Wang Gyaincain Nyima Jiawei Wang 1997 The Historical Status of China s Tibet pp 58 ISBN 978 7 80113 304 5 Seventh Dalai Lama Kelsang Gyatso Archived 2010 07 01 at the Wayback Machine The Dalai Lamas of Tibet p 101 Thubten Samphel and Tendar Roli amp Janssen New Delhi 2004 ISBN 81 7436 085 9 Tsepon W D Shakabpa Tibet a Political History New Haven Yale 1967 150 https www sohu com a 461098896 523177 929年8月 国民政府最高法院认定清 理藩部则例 为特别法 在未经颁布新特别法令以前 得酌予援用 这说明国民政府承认了前清的对藏治理办法 以保证治藏法规的延续性 并将 理藩部则例 等作为国民政府早期处理藏传佛教活佛转世的重要依据 https sites fas harvard edu hpcws jcws 2006 8 3 pdf bare URL PDF Jian Chen 2006 The Tibetan Rebellion of 1959 and China s Changing Relations with India and the Soviet Union Journal of Cold War Studies 8 3 54 101 doi 10 1162 jcws 2006 8 3 54 ISSN 1520 3972 JSTOR 26925942 S2CID 57566391 十四世达赖喇嘛 五洲传播出版社 1977 ISBN 9787801132987 https time com longform dalai lama 60 year exile He has rejected calls for Tibetan independence since 1974 acknowledging the geopolitical reality that any settlement must keep Tibet within the People s Republic of China Backman Michael 2007 03 23 Behind Dalai Lama s holy cloak The Age Retrieved 2010 11 20 達賴喇嘛和班禪額爾德尼周圍的隨從官員 過去都是他們的親屬 如達賴喇嘛的叔父和班禪額爾德尼的父親班丹團主 都是私人升任 又如達賴喇嘛之胞兄洛桑格登主巴 依仗勢力多行不法 今後應依西藏各階層及扎什倫布僧俗人民之願望 在達賴喇嘛和班禪額爾德尼在世時 其親屬人員不准參預政事 達賴 班禪圓寂後 如果還有親屬 可以根據他們的技能給予適當的職務 See also Edit China portal Asia portal Politics portalGanden Phodrang Chinese expedition to Tibet 1720 Tibet under Qing rule Dual system of government Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Kashag amp oldid 1147405218, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
