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Charles Eugene, Duke of Württemberg

January 01, 1970

Charles Eugene (German: Carl Eugen; 11 February 1728 – 24 October 1793), Duke of Württemberg, was the eldest son, and successor, of Charles Alexander; his mother was Princess Marie Auguste of Thurn and Taxis.

Carl Eugen, in a portrait by Pompeo Batoni

Life edit

Born in Brussels, he succeeded his father as ruler of Württemberg at the age of 9, but the real power was in the hands of Regents Carl Rudolf, Duke of Württemberg-Neuenstadt (1737–1738) and Carl Frederick von Württemberg-Oels (1738–1746).

He was educated at the court of Frederick II of Prussia. He also studied keyboard with Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach in the 1740s (Bach's "Württemberg" sonatas, published in 1744, were dedicated to Charles Eugene).

In his early years he ruled with an iron fist. In 1744 he ordered that the corpse of Joseph Süß Oppenheimer, his father's financial advisor executed by the Duke of Württemberg-Neuenstadt, whose decaying corpse had been suspended in an iron cage by Stuttgart's Prag gallows for six years, be taken down and given a decent burial. He was also well known for his extensive library, his extravagant interest in opera, and interest in large scale horticulture for the feeding of the masses.

Charles Eugene made the first of his five trips to Paris and the Palace of Versailles in 1748 with his first wife. He used these trips to sightsee and acquire Parisian goods for Ludwigsburg Palace while touring the workshops those goods were manufactured in. From 1776 Etienne Sollicoffre, a banker Charles Eugene had met in Paris, befriended the Duke and acted as the agent of his purchases in the city.[1]

Between 1751 and 1759 Karl Eugen was involved in an increasingly bitter struggle with his adviser, the eminent Liberal jurist Johann Jakob Moser who strongly opposed the Duke's absolutist tendencies. In 1759 Charles Eugene had Moser charged with authoring "a subversive writing" and cast into prison for the next five years. However, in 1764 Moser was released, due in part to the intercession of Friedrich the Great of Prussia, and was rehabilitated and restored to his position, rank and titles.

Having accepted a subsidy from the French, in the Seven Years' War against Prussia, Charles Eugene advanced into Saxony.[2]

In 1761, Charles Eugen founded an Académie des Arts in Stuttgart (now the State Academy of Fine Arts Stuttgart), in 1765 a public library in Ludwigsburg (now the Württembergische Landesbibliothek, Stuttgart), and he was responsible for the construction of a number of other key palaces and buildings in the area including the New Palace which still stands at the centre of the Schlossplatz, Solitude Palace, Einsiedel Palace and Castle Hohenheim.

Charles Eugene was known for his interest in agriculture and travel and is considered the inspiration behind today's Hohenheim university,[3] part of which now occupies his former summer estate.[4] His original botanical gardens form the basis for today's Landesarboretum Baden-Württemberg and Botanischer Garten der Universität Hohenheim, which still contain some of the specimens he planted. He was also involved in Aviculture.[5] He built a large number of palaces and bankrupted his lands through courtly extravagance, accepting huge French government loans in exchange for maintaining large numbers of support troops in Württemberg.

He was an early patron of Friedrich Schiller.[6] However, in 1780 he had him arrested for deserting his post as a regimental doctor in Stuttgart in order to attend the first performance of his play The Robbers in Mannheim. Schiller was sentenced to 14 days of imprisonment, and forbidden by Karl Eugen from publishing any further works.[7]

Hermann Sacher, writing in the Catholic Encyclopedia called Charles Eugene "a despot, spendthrift, and profligate".[8] Charles Eugene ruled until his death in 1793, when he was succeeded by his younger brother. He died in Hohenheim.

Marriages edit

Charles Eugene married twice, first in Bayreuth on 26 September 1748 to Margravine Elisabeth Fredericka Sophie of Brandenburg-Bayreuth with whom he had one daughter, Friederike Wilhelmine Augusta Luise Charlotte, who was born in Stuttgart on 19 February 1750 and died after 13 months in Stuttgart on 12 March 1751. Elisabetha left Charles Eugene in 1756 to return to her parents' court in Bayreuth although they never divorced.

In the meantime, Charles Eugene kept a string of mistresses and fathered eleven children by them. The last of these mistresses was Franziska von Hohenheim, whom he raised to the status of Countess and married in Stuttgart on 10 or 11 January 1785.

Mistresses and illegitimate issue edit

By an unknown mistress he had:

  • Karoline (31 December 1755 – 14 May 1839), unmarried and without issue

By Luisa Toscani he had:

  • Karl von Ostheim (1761 – Batavia, 24 February 1793), unmarried and without issue
  • Karl Alexander von Ostheim (31 December 1765 – after 1821), unmarried and without issue

By an unknown mistress he had:

  • Charlotte (9 February 1762 – 31 August 1811), married 30 June 1783 Julius Friedrich von Lützow (? – 4 July 1833), without issue

By Teresa Bonafoni he had:

  • Karl Bonafoni (2 July 1768 – 30 April 1769)
  • Karl genannt Borel (18 May 1770 – before 1821), who committed suicide, unmarried and without issue

By Anna Eleonora Franchi he had:

  • Eugen Franchi (5 October 1768 – c. 1794), unmarried and without issue
  • Eleonore Franchi, Freiin von Franquemont (17 January 1771 – 1833), married in 1792 Jean François Louis Marie, Comte d'Orsay (15 June 1772 – 26 December 1843), and had issue

By an unknown mistress he had:

  • Friedrich Wilhelm (? – 19 December 1790), unmarried and without issue

By Katharina Kurz he had:

  • Karl-David von Franquemont (13 March 1769 – 20 July 1830), married firstly in May 1795 to a Baroness Maria Barbara von Hügel (1778-1803), daughter of Baron Theobald von Hügel (1739-1800), by whom he had a daughter, and married secondly in May 1795 to Luise Sophie Henriette von Jett (September 1783 – 24 January 1852), by whom he had a daughter:
    • Charlotte Elisabeth Piron von Franquemont (1797–1868), who lived in Ceylon and married Matthias Johann August David von Franquemont (1795-1844)
    • Karoline Luise von Franquemont (Samarang, 20 July 1800 – Ludwigsburg, 3 April 1857), married on 21 October 1819 Johann von Raben (? – 18 November 1853), without issue[9]

By Regina Monti he had:

Ancestry edit

References edit

  1. ^ "Der Reisen nach Paris" (in German). Staatliche Schlösser und Gärten Baden-Württemberg. Retrieved 29 January 2019.
  2. ^ (in German) Brockhaus Geschichte, Second Edition
  3. ^ "Wurtemberg duc de, Charles Eugene, 1728-1793", Dartmouth University
  4. ^ University of Hohenheim
  5. ^ "The Canaries are Dead! Aviculture, Excitement, and Loss in Eighteenth-Century Germany", Materialized Identities
  6. ^ "Friedrich Schiller: Staatliche Schlösser und Gärten Baden-Württemberg".
  7. ^ "Friedrich Schiller biography". Studiocleo.com. Retrieved 6 November 2013.
  8. ^ Sacher, Hermann. "Kingdom of Würtemberg." The Catholic Encyclopedia Vol. 15. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1912. 3 August 2023   This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  9. ^ "Maria Barbara von Hügel Freiin (± 1778-< 1803) » Genealogy Richard Remmé, the Hague, Netherlands » Genealogy Online".
  10. ^ Genealogie ascendante jusqu'au quatrieme degre inclusivement de tous les Rois et Princes de maisons souveraines de l'Europe actuellement vivans [Genealogy up to the fourth degree inclusive of all the Kings and Princes of sovereign houses of Europe currently living] (in French). Bourdeaux: Frederic Guillaume Birnstiel. 1768. p. 110.

External links edit

  •   Media related to Charles Eugene, Duke of Württemberg at Wikimedia Commons
Charles Eugene, Duke of Württemberg
Born: 11 February 1728 Died: 24 October 1793
Regnal titles
Preceded by Duke of Württemberg
1737–1793 		Succeeded by

January 01, 1970
charles, eugene, duke, württemberg, charles, eugene, german, carl, eugen, february, 1728, october, 1793, duke, württemberg, eldest, successor, charles, alexander, mother, princess, marie, auguste, thurn, taxis, charles, eugeneduke, württembergreign12, march, 1. Charles Eugene German Carl Eugen 11 February 1728 24 October 1793 Duke of Wurttemberg was the eldest son and successor of Charles Alexander his mother was Princess Marie Auguste of Thurn and Taxis Charles EugeneDuke of WurttembergReign12 March 1737 24 October 1793PredecessorCharles AlexanderSuccessorLouis EugeneBorn 1728 02 11 11 February 1728Brussels Austrian Netherlands Holy Roman EmpireDied24 October 1793 1793 10 24 aged 65 Hohenheim Wurttemberg Holy Roman EmpireBurialLudwigsburg PalaceSpousePrincess Elisabeth Friederike Sophie of Brandenburg BayreuthCountess Franziska von HohenheimIssueFrederic von Franquemont illegitimate FatherCharles Alexander Duke of WurttembergMotherPrincess Marie Auguste of Thurn and Taxis Carl Eugen in a portrait by Pompeo Batoni Contents 1 Life 1 1 Marriages 1 2 Mistresses and illegitimate issue 2 Ancestry 3 References 4 External linksLife editThis section needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources in this section Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Charles Eugene Duke of Wurttemberg news newspapers books scholar JSTOR April 2017 Learn how and when to remove this message Born in Brussels he succeeded his father as ruler of Wurttemberg at the age of 9 but the real power was in the hands of Regents Carl Rudolf Duke of Wurttemberg Neuenstadt 1737 1738 and Carl Frederick von Wurttemberg Oels 1738 1746 He was educated at the court of Frederick II of Prussia He also studied keyboard with Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach in the 1740s Bach s Wurttemberg sonatas published in 1744 were dedicated to Charles Eugene In his early years he ruled with an iron fist In 1744 he ordered that the corpse of Joseph Suss Oppenheimer his father s financial advisor executed by the Duke of Wurttemberg Neuenstadt whose decaying corpse had been suspended in an iron cage by Stuttgart s Prag gallows for six years be taken down and given a decent burial He was also well known for his extensive library his extravagant interest in opera and interest in large scale horticulture for the feeding of the masses Charles Eugene made the first of his five trips to Paris and the Palace of Versailles in 1748 with his first wife He used these trips to sightsee and acquire Parisian goods for Ludwigsburg Palace while touring the workshops those goods were manufactured in From 1776 Etienne Sollicoffre a banker Charles Eugene had met in Paris befriended the Duke and acted as the agent of his purchases in the city 1 Between 1751 and 1759 Karl Eugen was involved in an increasingly bitter struggle with his adviser the eminent Liberal jurist Johann Jakob Moser who strongly opposed the Duke s absolutist tendencies In 1759 Charles Eugene had Moser charged with authoring a subversive writing and cast into prison for the next five years However in 1764 Moser was released due in part to the intercession of Friedrich the Great of Prussia and was rehabilitated and restored to his position rank and titles Having accepted a subsidy from the French in the Seven Years War against Prussia Charles Eugene advanced into Saxony 2 In 1761 Charles Eugen founded an Academie des Arts in Stuttgart now the State Academy of Fine Arts Stuttgart in 1765 a public library in Ludwigsburg now the Wurttembergische Landesbibliothek Stuttgart and he was responsible for the construction of a number of other key palaces and buildings in the area including the New Palace which still stands at the centre of the Schlossplatz Solitude Palace Einsiedel Palace and Castle Hohenheim Charles Eugene was known for his interest in agriculture and travel and is considered the inspiration behind today s Hohenheim university 3 part of which now occupies his former summer estate 4 His original botanical gardens form the basis for today s Landesarboretum Baden Wurttemberg and Botanischer Garten der Universitat Hohenheim which still contain some of the specimens he planted He was also involved in Aviculture 5 He built a large number of palaces and bankrupted his lands through courtly extravagance accepting huge French government loans in exchange for maintaining large numbers of support troops in Wurttemberg He was an early patron of Friedrich Schiller 6 However in 1780 he had him arrested for deserting his post as a regimental doctor in Stuttgart in order to attend the first performance of his play The Robbers in Mannheim Schiller was sentenced to 14 days of imprisonment and forbidden by Karl Eugen from publishing any further works 7 Hermann Sacher writing in the Catholic Encyclopedia called Charles Eugene a despot spendthrift and profligate 8 Charles Eugene ruled until his death in 1793 when he was succeeded by his younger brother He died in Hohenheim Marriages edit Charles Eugene married twice first in Bayreuth on 26 September 1748 to Margravine Elisabeth Fredericka Sophie of Brandenburg Bayreuth with whom he had one daughter Friederike Wilhelmine Augusta Luise Charlotte who was born in Stuttgart on 19 February 1750 and died after 13 months in Stuttgart on 12 March 1751 Elisabetha left Charles Eugene in 1756 to return to her parents court in Bayreuth although they never divorced In the meantime Charles Eugene kept a string of mistresses and fathered eleven children by them The last of these mistresses was Franziska von Hohenheim whom he raised to the status of Countess and married in Stuttgart on 10 or 11 January 1785 Mistresses and illegitimate issue edit By an unknown mistress he had Karoline 31 December 1755 14 May 1839 unmarried and without issue By Luisa Toscani he had Karl von Ostheim 1761 Batavia 24 February 1793 unmarried and without issue Karl Alexander von Ostheim 31 December 1765 after 1821 unmarried and without issue By an unknown mistress he had Charlotte 9 February 1762 31 August 1811 married 30 June 1783 Julius Friedrich von Lutzow 4 July 1833 without issue By Teresa Bonafoni he had Karl Bonafoni 2 July 1768 30 April 1769 Karl genannt Borel 18 May 1770 before 1821 who committed suicide unmarried and without issue By Anna Eleonora Franchi he had Eugen Franchi 5 October 1768 c 1794 unmarried and without issue Eleonore Franchi Freiin von Franquemont 17 January 1771 1833 married in 1792 Jean Francois Louis Marie Comte d Orsay 15 June 1772 26 December 1843 and had issue By an unknown mistress he had Friedrich Wilhelm 19 December 1790 unmarried and without issue By Katharina Kurz he had Karl David von Franquemont 13 March 1769 20 July 1830 married firstly in May 1795 to a Baroness Maria Barbara von Hugel 1778 1803 daughter of Baron Theobald von Hugel 1739 1800 by whom he had a daughter and married secondly in May 1795 to Luise Sophie Henriette von Jett September 1783 24 January 1852 by whom he had a daughter Charlotte Elisabeth Piron von Franquemont 1797 1868 who lived in Ceylon and married Matthias Johann August David von Franquemont 1795 1844 Karoline Luise von Franquemont Samarang 20 July 1800 Ludwigsburg 3 April 1857 married on 21 October 1819 Johann von Raben 18 November 1853 without issue 9 By Regina Monti he had Friedrich Graf von Franquemont Ludwigsburg 5 March 1770 3 January 1842 unmarried and without issue general and War minister Ancestry editAncestors of Charles Eugene Duke of Wurttemberg 10 8 Eberhard III Duke of Wurttemberg4 Frederick Charles Duke of Wurttemberg Winnental9 Wild and Rhinegravine Anna Katharina of Salm Kyrburg2 Charles Alexander Duke of Wurttemberg10 Albert II Margrave of Brandenburg Ansbach5 Princess Eleonore Juliane of Brandenburg Ansbach11 Countess Sophie Margarete of Oettingen Oettingen1 Charles Eugene Duke of Wurttemberg12 Eugen Alexander Franz Prince of Thurn and Taxis6 Anselm Franz Prince of Thurn and Taxis13 Princess Anna Adelheid of Furstenberg Heiligenberg3 Princess Marie Auguste of Thurn and Taxis14 Ferdinand August Prince of Lobkowicz7 Princess Maria Ludovika of Lobkowicz15 Princess Maria Anna of Baden BadenReferences edit Der Reisen nach Paris in German Staatliche Schlosser und Garten Baden Wurttemberg Retrieved 29 January 2019 in German Brockhaus Geschichte Second Edition Wurtemberg duc de Charles Eugene 1728 1793 Dartmouth University University of Hohenheim The Canaries are Dead Aviculture Excitement and Loss in Eighteenth Century Germany Materialized Identities Friedrich Schiller Staatliche Schlosser und Garten Baden Wurttemberg Friedrich Schiller biography Studiocleo com Retrieved 6 November 2013 Sacher Hermann Kingdom of Wurtemberg The Catholic Encyclopedia Vol 15 New York Robert Appleton Company 1912 3 August 2023 nbsp This article incorporates text from this source which is in the public domain Maria Barbara von Hugel Freiin 1778 lt 1803 Genealogy Richard Remme the Hague Netherlands Genealogy Online Genealogie ascendante jusqu au quatrieme degre inclusivement de tous les Rois et Princes de maisons souveraines de l Europe actuellement vivans Genealogy up to the fourth degree inclusive of all the Kings and Princes of sovereign houses of Europe currently living in French Bourdeaux Frederic Guillaume Birnstiel 1768 p 110 External links edit nbsp Media related to Charles Eugene Duke of Wurttemberg at Wikimedia Commons Charles Eugene Duke of WurttembergHouse of WurttembergBorn 11 February 1728 Died 24 October 1793 Regnal titles Preceded byCharles Alexander Duke of Wurttemberg1737 1793 Succeeded byLouis Eugene Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Charles Eugene Duke of Wurttemberg amp oldid 1218809959, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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