Kang Chol-hwan
Kang Chol-hwan (Korean: 강철환; pronounced [ka̠ŋ tɕʰʌ̹l.βʷa̠n]; born 18 September 1968) is a North Korean defector, author, and the founder and president of the North Korea Strategy Center.
Kang Chol-hwan | |
|---|---|
Kang in 2014. | |
| Born | 18 September 1968 |
| Awards | Democracy Award (United States government - National Endowment for Democracy) |
| Korean name | |
| Hangul | 강철환 |
| Hanja | 姜哲煥 |
| Revised Romanization | Gang Cheol-hwan |
| McCune–Reischauer | Kang Ch'ŏl-hwan |
As a child, he was imprisoned in the Yodok concentration camp for 10 years. After his release he fled the country, first to China and eventually to South Korea. He is the author, with Pierre Rigoulot, of The Aquariums of Pyongyang and worked as a staff writer specialized in North Korean affairs for The Chosun Ilbo.
Early life edit
Kang was born in Pyongyang, North Korea, and spent his childhood there. He had a good relationship with his grandfather. He had a happy childhood.[1] His family lived in relative luxury from his grandfather's position and the fortune that he had given to the country upon the family's return from Japan. Though they had never renounced their North Korean citizenship and Kang's grandmother had been a staunch party member in both countries, Kang has stated that the family remained under a cloud of suspicion for having lived in Japan.
Concentration camp edit
Kang's autobiography describes a brutal life in a North Korean prison. Death from starvation or exposure to the elements was common, with routine beatings and other punishments. His education consisted almost solely of memorizing the sayings and speeches of Kim Il-sung; at 15, his education ceased and he was assigned to exhausting and dangerous work details, and was made to view public executions. He said of the camps, "It was a life of hard labour, thirty percent of new prisoners would die. And we were so malnourished, we would eat rats and earthworms to survive."[2]
There was an order by Kim Jong-il that those in the prison with relatives in Japan had to be released after 10 years. In the mid-1980s North Korea depended heavily on foreign currency remittances. Many Zainichi Koreans or Koreans living in Japan were sending remittances to North Korea. Such people opposed the imprisonment of their relatives in North Korea. The amount of remittances being sent from Japan to North Korea deteriorated due to the wave of mass imprisonment. As such Kang was permitted to be released from prison after serving his 10-year sentencing. Once he left the camp, he was sent to live in Yodok village. He could not go all the way back to Pyongyang, but he moved to Pyongsong, near Pyongyang. He moved in with his uncle who was working at the National Science Research Institute in the city.[3]
Release edit
In 1992, Kang and An Hyuk escaped from North Korea by crossing the Yalu River into China.[4] In late 1992, Kang arrived in South Korea and lives in the capital Seoul.
After publishing The Aquariums of Pyongyang, Kang met with US President George W. Bush[5] and British Foreign Secretary Jack Straw.[6] He has spoken with several organizations about human rights in North Korea[7][8] and visited Japan for a discussion about abductees.[9] Along with An and Lee Soon-ok, who was imprisoned in Kaechon concentration camp, he received the Democracy Award from the United States' National Endowment for Democracy in July 2003.[10]
Kang has not been in contact with his family since he defected. In 2011, it was assumed that his sister, Mi-ho, and her 11-year-old son are in Yodok concentration camp, having been sent back there as retaliation for Kang's defection.[11]
Bibliography edit
- Kang, Chol-Hwan (2001). The Aquariums of Pyongyang. Basic Books, 2001. ISBN 0-465-01102-0.
- "Give Us An 'Eclipse Policy'", The Wall Street Journal, July 13, 2005.
See also edit
References edit
- ^ Kang, Chol-hwan; Rigoulot, Pierre (2001). The Aquariums of Pyongyang. Basic Books. p. 27. ISBN 0-465-01102-0.
- ^ "'Life of hard labour' in North Korean camp". BBC News. May 3, 2011.
- ^ . www.freedomcollection.org. Archived from the original on 2017-12-01. Retrieved 2017-11-21.
- ^ 양정아 (2005-06-15), "부시와 면담, 강철환은 누구인가? 함남 요덕 수용소 출신, 現 <북한민주화운동본부> 공동 대표", Daily NK, retrieved 2010-02-26
- ^ . Archived from the original on 2006-01-17.
- ^ "Foreign Secretary of the UK Jack Straw Meets North Korean Gulag Survivor". 7 September 2005.
- ^ "Blogger".
- ^ Republicans Abroad Korea: Kang Chol-hwan reception a success 2005-12-10 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "North Korea defectors say don't trust regime's claims on abductees". The Japan Times. 15 April 2015.
- ^ "Three N. Koreans Named Winner of NED's Democracy Award", YON - Yonhap News Agency of Korea, 2003-07-16, retrieved 2010-02-26
- ^ http://www.fidh.org/IMG/pdf/petition_to_unwgad.pdf Petition To: United Nations Working Group on Arbitrary Detention
External links edit
- "Child Prisoner: Kang Chol-hwan", MSN.com article, October 28, 2003.
- , The Chosun Ilbo, May 29, 2005.
- , The Chosun Ilbo, June 15, 2005.
- Kang Chol-hwan Freedom Collection interview