Kallikreins are a subgroup of serine proteases having diverse physiological functions.[8] Growing evidence suggests that many kallikreins are implicated in carcinogenesis and some have potential as novel cancer and other disease biomarkers. In particular, they may serve as biomarkers for both prostate cancer and breast cancer.
This gene is one of the fifteen kallikrein subfamily members located in a cluster on chromosome 19. In some tissues its expression is hormonally regulated. The expression pattern of a similar mouse protein in murine developing teeth supports a role for the protein in the degradation of enamel proteins.[9] Alternate splice variants for this gene have been described, but their biological validity has not been determined.[10]
Referencesedit
^ abcGRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000167749 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ abcGRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000006948 – Ensembl, May 2017
^"Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^"Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^Simmer JP, Fukae M, Tanabe T, Yamakoshi Y, Uchida T, Xue J, Margolis HC, Shimizu M, DeHart BC, Hu CC, Bartlett JD (February 1998). . Journal of Dental Research. 77 (2): 377–86. doi:10.1177/00220345980770020601. PMID 9465170. S2CID 21816663. Archived from the original on 2008-08-21. Retrieved 2008-10-20.
^Nelson PS, Gan L, Ferguson C, Moss P, Gelinas R, Hood L, Wang K (March 1999). "Molecular cloning and characterization of prostase, an androgen-regulated serine protease with prostate-restricted expression". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 96 (6): 3114–9. Bibcode:1999PNAS...96.3114N. doi:10.1073/pnas.96.6.3114. PMC15904. PMID 10077646.
^Stephenson SA, Verity K, Ashworth LK, Clements JA (August 1999). "Localization of a new prostate-specific antigen-related serine protease gene, KLK4, is evidence for an expanded human kallikrein gene family cluster on chromosome 19q13.3-13.4". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 274 (33): 23210–4. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.33.23210. PMID 10438493.
^Lundwall A, Band V, Blaber M, Clements JA, Courty Y, Diamandis EP, Fritz H, Lilja H, Malm J, Maltais LJ, Olsson AY, Petraki C, Scorilas A, Sotiropoulou G, Stenman UH, Stephan C, Talieri M, Yousef GM (June 2006). "A comprehensive nomenclature for serine proteases with homology to tissue kallikreins". Biological Chemistry. 387 (6): 637–41. doi:10.1515/BC.2006.082. PMID 16800724. S2CID 436200.
^Simmer JP, Fukae M, Tanabe T, Yamakoshi Y, Uchida T, Xue J, Margolis HC, Shimizu M, DeHart BC, Hu CC, Bartlett JD (June 2000). . Gene. 251 (1): 1–8. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(00)00203-1. PMID 10863090. Archived from the original on 2008-08-21. Retrieved 2008-10-20.
Clements J, Hooper J, Dong Y, Harvey T (2001). "The expanded human kallikrein (KLK) gene family: genomic organisation, tissue-specific expression and potential functions" (PDF). Biol. Chem. 382 (1): 5–14. doi:10.1515/BC.2001.002. PMID 11258672. S2CID 5864448.
Simmer JP, Fukae M, Tanabe T, et al. (1998). "Purification, characterization, and cloning of enamel matrix serine proteinase 1". J. Dent. Res. 77 (2): 377–86. doi:10.1177/00220345980770020601. PMID 9465170. S2CID 21816663.
Nelson PS, Gan L, Ferguson C, et al. (1999). "Molecular cloning and characterization of prostase, an androgen-regulated serine protease with prostate-restricted expression". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 96 (6): 3114–9. Bibcode:1999PNAS...96.3114N. doi:10.1073/pnas.96.6.3114. PMC15904. PMID 10077646.
Stephenson SA, Verity K, Ashworth LK, Clements JA (1999). "Localization of a new prostate-specific antigen-related serine protease gene, KLK4, is evidence for an expanded human kallikrein gene family cluster on chromosome 19q13.3-13.4". J. Biol. Chem. 274 (33): 23210–4. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.33.23210. PMID 10438493.
Yousef GM, Obiezu CV, Luo LY, et al. (1999). "Prostase/KLK-L1 is a new member of the human kallikrein gene family, is expressed in prostate and breast tissues, and is hormonally regulated". Cancer Res. 59 (17): 4252–6. PMID 10485467.
DuPont BR, Hu CC, Reveles X, Simmer JP (2000). "Assignment of serine protease 17 (PRSS17) to human chromosome bands 19q13.3→q13.4 by in situ hybridization". Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 86 (3–4): 212–3. doi:10.1159/000015340. PMID 10575207. S2CID 42446073.
Hu JC, Zhang C, Sun X, et al. (2000). "Characterization of the mouse and human PRSS17 genes, their relationship to other serine proteases, and the expression of PRSS17 in developing mouse incisors". Gene. 251 (1): 1–8. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(00)00203-1. PMID 10863090.
Gan L, Lee I, Smith R, et al. (2001). "Sequencing and expression analysis of the serine protease gene cluster located in chromosome 19q13 region". Gene. 257 (1): 119–30. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(00)00382-6. PMID 11054574.
Obiezu CV, Diamandis EP (2001). "An alternatively spliced variant of KLK4 expressed in prostatic tissue". Clin. Biochem. 33 (7): 599–600. doi:10.1016/S0009-9120(00)00178-8. PMID 11124349.
Takayama TK, Carter CA, Deng T (2001). "Activation of prostate-specific antigen precursor (pro-PSA) by prostin, a novel human prostatic serine protease identified by degenerate PCR". Biochemistry. 40 (6): 1679–87. doi:10.1021/bi002129r. PMID 11327827.
Korkmaz KS, Korkmaz CG, Pretlow TG, Saatcioglu F (2001). "Distinctly different gene structure of KLK4/KLK-L1/prostase/ARM1 compared with other members of the kallikrein family: intracellular localization, alternative cDNA forms, and Regulation by multiple hormones". DNA Cell Biol. 20 (7): 435–45. doi:10.1089/104454901750361497. PMID 11506707.
Takayama TK, McMullen BA, Nelson PS, et al. (2002). "Characterization of hK4 (prostase), a prostate-specific serine protease: activation of the precursor of prostate specific antigen (pro-PSA) and single-chain urokinase-type plasminogen activator and degradation of prostatic acid phosphatase". Biochemistry. 40 (50): 15341–8. doi:10.1021/bi015775e. PMID 11735417.
Hural JA, Friedman RS, McNabb A, et al. (2002). "Identification of naturally processed CD4 T cell epitopes from the prostate-specific antigen kallikrein 4 using peptide-based in vitro stimulation". J. Immunol. 169 (1): 557–65. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.169.1.557. PMID 12077288.
Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. Bibcode:2002PNAS...9916899M. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC139241. PMID 12477932.
Grimwood J, Gordon LA, Olsen A, et al. (2004). "The DNA sequence and biology of human chromosome 19". Nature. 428 (6982): 529–35. Bibcode:2004Natur.428..529G. doi:10.1038/nature02399. PMID 15057824.
Xi Z, Klokk TI, Korkmaz K, et al. (2004). "Kallikrein 4 is a predominantly nuclear protein and is overexpressed in prostate cancer". Cancer Res. 64 (7): 2365–70. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-03-2025. PMID 15059887. S2CID 301169.
Hart PS, Hart TC, Michalec MD, et al. (2004). "Mutation in kallikrein 4 causes autosomal recessive hypomaturation amelogenesis imperfecta". J. Med. Genet. 41 (7): 545–9. doi:10.1136/jmg.2003.017657. PMC1735847. PMID 15235027.
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, et al. (2004). "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)". Genome Res. 14 (10B): 2121–7. doi:10.1101/gr.2596504. PMC528928. PMID 15489334.
Veveris-Lowe TL, Lawrence MG, Collard RL, et al. (2005). "Kallikrein 4 (hK4) and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) are associated with the loss of E-cadherin and an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-like effect in prostate cancer cells". Endocr. Relat. Cancer. 12 (3): 631–43. doi:10.1677/erc.1.00958. hdl:2027.42/152955. PMID 16172196.
External linksedit
The MEROPS online database for peptidases and their inhibitors: S01.251
January 01, 1970
klk4, kallikrein, related, peptidase, protein, which, humans, encoded, gene, available, structurespdbortholog, search, pdbe, rcsblist, codes2bdg, 2bdh, 2bdi, 4k1e, 4k8y, 4kel, 4kgaidentifiersaliases, ai2a1, arm1, emsp, emsp1, prss17, psts, kallikrein, kallikre. Kallikrein related peptidase 4 is a protein which in humans is encoded by the KLK4 gene 5 6 7 KLK4Available structuresPDBOrtholog search PDBe RCSBList of PDB id codes2BDG 2BDH 2BDI 4K1E 4K8Y 4KEL 4KGAIdentifiersAliasesKLK4 AI2A1 ARM1 EMSP EMSP1 KLK L1 PRSS17 PSTS kallikrein kallikrein related peptidase 4External IDsOMIM 603767 MGI 1861379 HomoloGene 55856 GeneCards KLK4 OMA KLK4 orthologsGene location Human Chr Chromosome 19 human 1 Band19q13 41Start50 906 351 bp 1 End50 911 395 bp 1 Gene location Mouse Chr Chromosome 7 mouse 2 Band7 B3 7 28 35 cMStart43 530 584 bp 2 End43 535 228 bp 2 RNA expression patternBgeeHumanMouse ortholog Top expressed inprostateskin of abdomensalivary glandminor salivary glandsleft lobe of thyroid glandcanal of the cervixsural nervebody of pancreasright lobe of thyroid glandright lobe of liverTop expressed inmolarthymusmusclerhombencephalonpituitary glandadipose tissuebrown adipose tissuemuscle tissuetorsoabdominal segment of trunkMore reference expression dataBioGPSMore reference expression dataGene ontologyMolecular functionpeptidase activity serine type peptidase activity protein binding hydrolase activity metal ion binding serine type endopeptidase activityCellular componentextracellular region secretory granuleBiological processproteolysis amelogenesis biomineral tissue development extracellular matrix disassemblySources Amigo QuickGOOrthologsSpeciesHumanMouseEntrez962256640EnsemblENSG00000167749ENSMUSG00000006948UniProtQ9Y5K2Q9Z0M1RefSeq mRNA NM 001302961NM 004917NM 019928RefSeq protein NP 001289890NP 004908NP 064312Location UCSC Chr 19 50 91 50 91 MbChr 7 43 53 43 54 MbPubMed search 3 4 WikidataView Edit HumanView Edit Mouse Kallikreins are a subgroup of serine proteases having diverse physiological functions 8 Growing evidence suggests that many kallikreins are implicated in carcinogenesis and some have potential as novel cancer and other disease biomarkers In particular they may serve as biomarkers for both prostate cancer and breast cancer This gene is one of the fifteen kallikrein subfamily members located in a cluster on chromosome 19 In some tissues its expression is hormonally regulated The expression pattern of a similar mouse protein in murine developing teeth supports a role for the protein in the degradation of enamel proteins 9 Alternate splice variants for this gene have been described but their biological validity has not been determined 10 References edit a b c GRCh38 Ensembl release 89 ENSG00000167749 Ensembl May 2017 a b c GRCm38 Ensembl release 89 ENSMUSG00000006948 Ensembl May 2017 Human PubMed Reference National Center for Biotechnology Information U S National Library of Medicine Mouse PubMed Reference National Center for Biotechnology Information U S National Library of Medicine Simmer JP Fukae M Tanabe T Yamakoshi Y Uchida T Xue J Margolis HC Shimizu M DeHart BC Hu CC Bartlett JD February 1998 Purification characterization and cloning of enamel matrix serine proteinase 1 Journal of Dental Research 77 2 377 86 doi 10 1177 00220345980770020601 PMID 9465170 S2CID 21816663 Archived from the original on 2008 08 21 Retrieved 2008 10 20 Nelson PS Gan L Ferguson C Moss P Gelinas R Hood L Wang K March 1999 Molecular cloning and characterization of prostase an androgen regulated serine protease with prostate restricted expression Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 96 6 3114 9 Bibcode 1999PNAS 96 3114N doi 10 1073 pnas 96 6 3114 PMC 15904 PMID 10077646 Stephenson SA Verity K Ashworth LK Clements JA August 1999 Localization of a new prostate specific antigen related serine protease gene KLK4 is evidence for an expanded human kallikrein gene family cluster on chromosome 19q13 3 13 4 The Journal of Biological Chemistry 274 33 23210 4 doi 10 1074 jbc 274 33 23210 PMID 10438493 Lundwall A Band V Blaber M Clements JA Courty Y Diamandis EP Fritz H Lilja H Malm J Maltais LJ Olsson AY Petraki C Scorilas A Sotiropoulou G Stenman UH Stephan C Talieri M Yousef GM June 2006 A comprehensive nomenclature for serine proteases with homology to tissue kallikreins Biological Chemistry 387 6 637 41 doi 10 1515 BC 2006 082 PMID 16800724 S2CID 436200 Simmer JP Fukae M Tanabe T Yamakoshi Y Uchida T Xue J Margolis HC Shimizu M DeHart BC Hu CC Bartlett JD June 2000 Characterization of the mouse and human PRSS17 genes their relationship to other serine proteases and the expression of PRSS17 in developing mouse incisors Gene 251 1 1 8 doi 10 1016 S0378 1119 00 00203 1 PMID 10863090 Archived from the original on 2008 08 21 Retrieved 2008 10 20 Entrez Gene KLK4 kallikrein related peptidase 4 Further reading editClements J Hooper J Dong Y Harvey T 2001 The expanded human kallikrein KLK gene family genomic organisation tissue specific expression and potential functions PDF Biol Chem 382 1 5 14 doi 10 1515 BC 2001 002 PMID 11258672 S2CID 5864448 Simmer JP Fukae M Tanabe T et al 1998 Purification characterization and cloning of enamel matrix serine proteinase 1 J Dent Res 77 2 377 86 doi 10 1177 00220345980770020601 PMID 9465170 S2CID 21816663 Nelson PS Gan L Ferguson C et al 1999 Molecular cloning and characterization of prostase an androgen regulated serine protease with prostate restricted expression Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 96 6 3114 9 Bibcode 1999PNAS 96 3114N doi 10 1073 pnas 96 6 3114 PMC 15904 PMID 10077646 Stephenson SA Verity K Ashworth LK Clements JA 1999 Localization of a new prostate specific antigen related serine protease gene KLK4 is evidence for an expanded human kallikrein gene family cluster on chromosome 19q13 3 13 4 J Biol Chem 274 33 23210 4 doi 10 1074 jbc 274 33 23210 PMID 10438493 Yousef GM Obiezu CV Luo LY et al 1999 Prostase KLK L1 is a new member of the human kallikrein gene family is expressed in prostate and breast tissues and is hormonally regulated Cancer Res 59 17 4252 6 PMID 10485467 DuPont BR Hu CC Reveles X Simmer JP 2000 Assignment of serine protease 17 PRSS17 to human chromosome bands 19q13 3 q13 4 by in situ hybridization Cytogenet Cell Genet 86 3 4 212 3 doi 10 1159 000015340 PMID 10575207 S2CID 42446073 Hu JC Zhang C Sun X et al 2000 Characterization of the mouse and human PRSS17 genes their relationship to other serine proteases and the expression of PRSS17 in developing mouse incisors Gene 251 1 1 8 doi 10 1016 S0378 1119 00 00203 1 PMID 10863090 Gan L Lee I Smith R et al 2001 Sequencing and expression analysis of the serine protease gene cluster located in chromosome 19q13 region Gene 257 1 119 30 doi 10 1016 S0378 1119 00 00382 6 PMID 11054574 Obiezu CV Diamandis EP 2001 An alternatively spliced variant of KLK4 expressed in prostatic tissue Clin Biochem 33 7 599 600 doi 10 1016 S0009 9120 00 00178 8 PMID 11124349 Takayama TK Carter CA Deng T 2001 Activation of prostate specific antigen precursor pro PSA by prostin a novel human prostatic serine protease identified by degenerate PCR Biochemistry 40 6 1679 87 doi 10 1021 bi002129r PMID 11327827 Korkmaz KS Korkmaz CG Pretlow TG Saatcioglu F 2001 Distinctly different gene structure of KLK4 KLK L1 prostase ARM1 compared with other members of the kallikrein family intracellular localization alternative cDNA forms and Regulation by multiple hormones DNA Cell Biol 20 7 435 45 doi 10 1089 104454901750361497 PMID 11506707 Takayama TK McMullen BA Nelson PS et al 2002 Characterization of hK4 prostase a prostate specific serine protease activation of the precursor of prostate specific antigen pro PSA and single chain urokinase type plasminogen activator and degradation of prostatic acid phosphatase Biochemistry 40 50 15341 8 doi 10 1021 bi015775e PMID 11735417 Hural JA Friedman RS McNabb A et al 2002 Identification of naturally processed CD4 T cell epitopes from the prostate specific antigen kallikrein 4 using peptide based in vitro stimulation J Immunol 169 1 557 65 doi 10 4049 jimmunol 169 1 557 PMID 12077288 Strausberg RL Feingold EA Grouse LH et al 2003 Generation and initial analysis of more than 15 000 full length human and mouse cDNA sequences Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 99 26 16899 903 Bibcode 2002PNAS 9916899M doi 10 1073 pnas 242603899 PMC 139241 PMID 12477932 Grimwood J Gordon LA Olsen A et al 2004 The DNA sequence and biology of human chromosome 19 Nature 428 6982 529 35 Bibcode 2004Natur 428 529G doi 10 1038 nature02399 PMID 15057824 Xi Z Klokk TI Korkmaz K et al 2004 Kallikrein 4 is a predominantly nuclear protein and is overexpressed in prostate cancer Cancer Res 64 7 2365 70 doi 10 1158 0008 5472 CAN 03 2025 PMID 15059887 S2CID 301169 Hart PS Hart TC Michalec MD et al 2004 Mutation in kallikrein 4 causes autosomal recessive hypomaturation amelogenesis imperfecta J Med Genet 41 7 545 9 doi 10 1136 jmg 2003 017657 PMC 1735847 PMID 15235027 Gerhard DS Wagner L Feingold EA et al 2004 The status quality and expansion of the NIH full length cDNA project the Mammalian Gene Collection MGC Genome Res 14 10B 2121 7 doi 10 1101 gr 2596504 PMC 528928 PMID 15489334 Veveris Lowe TL Lawrence MG Collard RL et al 2005 Kallikrein 4 hK4 and prostate specific antigen PSA are associated with the loss of E cadherin and an epithelial mesenchymal transition EMT like effect in prostate cancer cells Endocr Relat Cancer 12 3 631 43 doi 10 1677 erc 1 00958 hdl 2027 42 152955 PMID 16172196 External links editThe MEROPS online database for peptidases and their inhibitors S01 251 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title KLK4 amp oldid 1191540441, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
