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Kalapa (atomism)

Kalapa or rupa-kalapa (from Sanskrit rūpa "form, phenomenon" and kalāpa "bundle") is a term in Theravada Buddhist phenomenology for the smallest units of physical matter, said to be about 1/46,656th the size of a particle of dust from a wheel of chariot.[1] Kalapas are not mentioned in the earliest Buddhists texts, such as the Tripitaka, but only in the Abhidhammattha-sangaha, an Abhidhamma commentary dated to the 11th or 12th century, and as such not part of common Theravada doctrine.[2]

According to the description found in the Abhidhammattha-sangaha, Kalapas are said to be invisible under normal circumstances but visible as a result of meditative samadhi.[3] Kalapas are composed of eight inseparable elements of material essence in varying amounts which are:[4] Pathavi (earth), Apo (water), Tejo (fire), Vayo (air), Vanna (color), Gandha (smell), Rasa (taste), and Oja (nutrition). The first four elements are called primary qualities, and are predominant in kalapas. The other four are secondary properties that derive from the primaries.[5] The primary qualities are akin to the system of classical elements in Ancient Greece. Certain kalapas are said to also include additional elements, including sound, sex, body, mind-base and life.[6][7]

In contemporary Buddhist meditation practice, the observation and analysis of kalapas is a type of vipassana practice that aims to allow direct observation of impermanence and non-self.[8][9] Contemporary adherents of practices related to the observation and analysis of kalapas include U Ba Khin, S.N. Goenka and the Pa Auk Sayadaw.[10][11][12][13]Mahasi Sayadaw in the 1980s expressed a belief that kalapas played a role in aging, death and rebirth.[14]

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ Kornfield, Jack (1977, 1996), Living Dharma: Teachings of Twelve Buddhist Masters, Shambhala p.316
  2. ^ Abhidhammattha-sangaha, Britannica Online (1998, 2005).
  3. ^ Shankman, Richard (2008), The Experience of Samadhi: An In-depth Exploration of Buddhist Meditation, Shambhala, p. 178
  4. ^ Anuruddhàcariya, Bhadanta, trans. By Thera, Nàrada Mahà (1979) A Manual of Abhidhamma: Abhidhammattha Saïgaha of Bhadanta Anuruddhàcariya Buddhist Missionary Society, p.320
  5. ^ U Ba Khin, Sayagyi Thray Sithu (1995-2011) "The Essentials of Buddha Dhamma" The Buddhist Publication Society, Sri Lanka
  6. ^ Mendis, N.K.G. (2006-2011), The Abhidhamma in Practice The Buddhist Publication Society, Sri Lanka
  7. ^ Sayadaw, Pa Auk Tawya (2000), Knowing and Seeing, D.W.K. Ng, p.267
  8. ^ Rasmussen, Tina and Snyder, Stephen (2009) Practicing the Jhanas: Traditional Concentration as Presented by Venerable Pa Auk Sayadaw, Shambhala p.127
  9. ^ U Ba Khin, Sayagyi Thray Sithu (1995-2011) "The Essentials of Buddha Dhamma" The Buddhist Publication Society, Sri Lanka
  10. ^ Goenka, S.N. (2000) The Discourse Summaries, Vipassana Research Publications, p. 131
  11. ^ Sayadaw, Pa Auk Tawya (2000), Knowing and Seeing, D.W.K. Ng, p.125
  12. ^ U Ba Khin, Sayagyi Thray Sithu (1995-2011) "The Essentials of Buddha Dhamma" The Buddhist Publication Society, Sri Lanka
  13. ^ Shankman, Richard (2008). The Experience of Samadhi: An In-depth Exploration of Buddhist Meditation. Shambhala. p. 177. ISBN 9780834824010.
  14. ^ . Archived from the original on 2011-07-17. Retrieved 2011-02-21.
  • Noa Ronkin, Early Buddhist Metaphysics: The Making of a Philosophical Tradition (2005), 58f.

External links edit

kalapa, atomism, kalapa, rupa, kalapa, from, sanskrit, rūpa, form, phenomenon, kalāpa, bundle, term, theravada, buddhist, phenomenology, smallest, units, physical, matter, said, about, 656th, size, particle, dust, from, wheel, chariot, kalapas, mentioned, earl. Kalapa or rupa kalapa from Sanskrit rupa form phenomenon and kalapa bundle is a term in Theravada Buddhist phenomenology for the smallest units of physical matter said to be about 1 46 656th the size of a particle of dust from a wheel of chariot 1 Kalapas are not mentioned in the earliest Buddhists texts such as the Tripitaka but only in the Abhidhammattha sangaha an Abhidhamma commentary dated to the 11th or 12th century and as such not part of common Theravada doctrine 2 According to the description found in the Abhidhammattha sangaha Kalapas are said to be invisible under normal circumstances but visible as a result of meditative samadhi 3 Kalapas are composed of eight inseparable elements of material essence in varying amounts which are 4 Pathavi earth Apo water Tejo fire Vayo air Vanna color Gandha smell Rasa taste and Oja nutrition The first four elements are called primary qualities and are predominant in kalapas The other four are secondary properties that derive from the primaries 5 The primary qualities are akin to the system of classical elements in Ancient Greece Certain kalapas are said to also include additional elements including sound sex body mind base and life 6 7 In contemporary Buddhist meditation practice the observation and analysis of kalapas is a type of vipassana practice that aims to allow direct observation of impermanence and non self 8 9 Contemporary adherents of practices related to the observation and analysis of kalapas include U Ba Khin S N Goenka and the Pa Auk Sayadaw 10 11 12 13 Mahasi Sayadaw in the 1980s expressed a belief that kalapas played a role in aging death and rebirth 14 See also editBuddhist atomismReferences edit Kornfield Jack 1977 1996 Living Dharma Teachings of Twelve Buddhist Masters Shambhala p 316 Abhidhammattha sangaha Britannica Online 1998 2005 Shankman Richard 2008 The Experience of Samadhi An In depth Exploration of Buddhist Meditation Shambhala p 178 Anuruddhacariya Bhadanta trans By Thera Narada Maha 1979 A Manual of Abhidhamma Abhidhammattha Saigaha of Bhadanta Anuruddhacariya Buddhist Missionary Society p 320 U Ba Khin Sayagyi Thray Sithu 1995 2011 The Essentials of Buddha Dhamma The Buddhist Publication Society Sri Lanka Mendis N K G 2006 2011 The Abhidhamma in Practice The Buddhist Publication Society Sri Lanka Sayadaw Pa Auk Tawya 2000 Knowing and Seeing D W K Ng p 267 Rasmussen Tina and Snyder Stephen 2009 Practicing the Jhanas Traditional Concentration as Presented by Venerable Pa Auk Sayadaw Shambhala p 127 U Ba Khin Sayagyi Thray Sithu 1995 2011 The Essentials of Buddha Dhamma The Buddhist Publication Society Sri Lanka Goenka S N 2000 The Discourse Summaries Vipassana Research Publications p 131 Sayadaw Pa Auk Tawya 2000 Knowing and Seeing D W K Ng p 125 U Ba Khin Sayagyi Thray Sithu 1995 2011 The Essentials of Buddha Dhamma The Buddhist Publication Society Sri Lanka Shankman Richard 2008 The Experience of Samadhi An In depth Exploration of Buddhist Meditation Shambhala p 177 ISBN 9780834824010 Sayadaw Mahasi March 1982 PATICCASAMUPPADA Buddhasasana Nuggaha Organization Archived from the original on 2011 07 17 Retrieved 2011 02 21 Noa Ronkin Early Buddhist Metaphysics The Making of a Philosophical Tradition 2005 58f External links edit The Essentials of Buddha Dhamma The Buddhist Publication Society Sri Lanka Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Kalapa atomism amp oldid 1193602628, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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