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Kabarett

August 25, 2023

Kabarett (German pronunciation: [kabaˈʁɛt]; from French cabaret = tavern) is satirical revue, a form of cabaret which developed in France by Rodolphe Salis in 1881 as the cabaret artistique. It was named Le Chat Noir and was centered on political events and satire. It later inspired creation of Kabarett venues in Germany from 1901, with the creation of Berlin's Überbrettl venue and in Austria with the creation of the Jung-Wiener Theater zum lieben Augustin housed in the Theater an der Wien. By the Weimar era in the mid-1920s it was characterized by political satire and gallows humor.[1][2] It shared the characteristic atmosphere of intimacy with the French cabaret from which it was imported, but the gallows humor was a distinct German aspect.[1]

Difference from other forms Edit

Kabarett is the German word for the French word cabaret but has two different meanings. The first meaning is the same as in English, describing a form of entertainment featuring comedy, song, dance, and theatre (often the word "cabaret" is used in German for this as well to distinguish this form). The latter describes a kind of political satire. Unlike comedians who make fun of all kind of things, Kabarett artists (German: Kabarettisten) pride themselves as dedicated almost completely to political and social topics of more serious nature which they criticize using techniques like cynicism, sarcasm and irony.[1][2][3]

History Edit

 
Überbrettl

The first Kabarett venue was the Le Chat Noir in France, founded in 1880 by Rodolphe Salis. It later inspired similar venues in Germany and Austria such as the "Überbrettl", the first Kabarett venue (Berlin, 1901) in Germany and the "Jung-Wiener Theater zum lieben Augustin" in Vienna.

Ernst von Wolzogen founded in Berlin the first German cabaret called Überbrettl (literally Superstage, a play of words on Friedrich Nietzsche's Übermensch, Superman), later known as Buntes Theater (colourful theatre), in January 1901.[4] In the foundation of the Überbrettl , von Wolzogen was inspired by Otto Julius Bierbaum's 1897 novel Stilpe.

In Munich, the Die Elf Scharfrichter was co-founded by Otto Falckenberg and others, in April 1901. It is sometimes considered the first political kabarett.[citation needed]

 
Kabarett ROhrSTOCK

All forms of public criticism were banned by a censor on theatres in the German Empire, however. This was lifted at the end of the First World War, allowing the kabarett artists to deal with social themes and political developments of the time. This meant that German kabarett really began to blossom in the 1920s and 1930s, bringing forth all kinds of new cabaret artists, such as Werner Finck at the Katakombe, Karl Valentin (died 1948) at the Wien-München, Fritz Grünbaum and Karl Farkas at the Kabarett Simpl in Vienna, and Claire Waldoff. Some of their texts were written by great literary figures such as Kurt Tucholsky, Erich Kästner, and Klaus Mann.

When the Nazi party came to power in 1933, they started to repress this intellectual criticism of the times. Kabarett in Germany was hit badly. (Kander and Ebb's Broadway musical, Cabaret, based on the Christopher Isherwood novel, Goodbye to Berlin, deals with this period.) In 1935 Werner Finck was briefly imprisoned and sent to a concentration camp; at the end of that year Kurt Tucholsky committed suicide; and nearly all German-speaking kabarett artists fled into exile in Switzerland, France, Scandinavia, or the United States.

When the war ended, the occupying powers ensured that the kabarett portrayed the horrors of the Nazi regime. Soon, various kabarett shows were also dealing with the government, the Cold War and the Wirtschaftswunder: Cabaret Ulenspiegel in Berlin,[5] the university cabaret Tol(l)leranten in Mainz,[6] the Kom(m)ödchen in Düsseldorf and the Münchner Lach- und Schießgesellschaft in Munich.[5] These were followed in the 1950s by television cabaret.

In the GDR, the first state kabarett stage was opened in 1953, Berlin's Die Distel. It was censored and had to be very careful in criticizing the state (1954: Die Pfeffermühle in Leipzig).

In the 1960s, West German kabarett was centred on Düsseldorf, Munich, and Berlin. At the end of the decade, the students' movement of May 1968 split opinion on the genre as some old kabarett artists were booed off the stage for being part of the old establishment. In the 1970s, new forms of kabarett developed, such as the television show Notizen aus der Provinz. At the end of the 1980s, kabarett was an important part of social criticism, with a minor boom at the time of German reunification. In eastern Germany, kabarett artists had been growing more and more daring in their criticism of politicians in the time leading up to 1989. After reunification, new social problems, such as mass unemployment, the privatization of companies, and rapid changes in society, meant that cabarets rose in number. Dresden, for example, gained two new cabarets alongside the popular Herkuleskeule.

In the 1990s and at the start of the new millennium, the television and film comedy boom and a lessening of public interest in politics meant that television kabarett audiences in Germany dropped.[citation needed] In order to increase interest again the Walk of Fame of Cabaret in Mainz is honoring selected cabaret celebrities; many past cabaret celebrities are honored by stars and each year a star for a living one is added.

As of 1999, contemporary active political kabarettists and satirists in Germany include: Urban Priol, Thomas Reis, Arnulf Rating, Heinrich Pachl, 3 Gestirn Köln 1, Bruno Jonas, Richard Rogler, Mathias Richling, Dieter Hildebrandt (died 2013), Henning Venske, Matthias Beltz (died 2002), Matthias Deutschmann and Volker Pispers.[7]

Other notable Kabarett artists Edit

Notable Kabarett shows and venues Edit

See also Edit

References Edit

  1. ^ a b c (1997) The new encyclopaedia Britannica, Volume 2, p.702 quote:

    It retained the intimate atmosphere, entertainment platform, and improvisational character of the French cabaret but developed its own characteristic gallows humour. By the late 1920s the German cabaret gradually had come to feature mildly risque musical entertainment for the middle-class man, as well as biting political and social satire. It was also a centre for underground political and literary movements. [...] They were the centres of leftist of opposition to the rise of the German Nazi Party and often experienced Nazi retaliation for their criticism of the government.
  2. ^ a b Schönfeld, Christiane; Finnan, Carmel (2006). Practicing modernity: female creativity in the Weimar Republic. p. 192. ISBN 9783826032417.
  3. ^ Fechner, Charlotte Luise (2008). The Berlin Cabaret & The Neue Frau 1918-1933. p. 65. ISBN 978-3-638-92652-2.
  4. ^ Green, Martin Burgess; Swan, John C. (28 February 1989). The Triumph of Pierrot: The Commedia dell'Arte and the Modern Imagination. Pennsylvania State University Press. p. 196. ISBN 0-271-00928-4.
  5. ^ a b Wolf-Eckhard, Gudemann (2007). Ich sag dir alles (in German). Gütersloh/Munich: Wissen Media Verlag GmbH. p. 713. ISBN 9783577102926. Retrieved 24 January 2012.
  6. ^ Hans Dieter Hüsch biography hüsch.org Retrieved 24 January 2012 (in German)
  7. ^ Pisper, Volker (1999) Damit müssen Sie rechnen, Teil 1, pp. 9-10, in Gefühlte Wirklichkeiten (2001)

Further reading Edit

  • Ambesser, Gwendolyn von: Schaubudenzauber - Geschichte und Geschichten eines legendären Kabaretts, Verlag Edition AV, Lich/Hessen 2006, ISBN 3-936049-68-8
  • Arnbom, Marie-Theres, Wacks, Georg: Jüdisches Kabarett in Wien. 1889 - 2009, Armin Berg Verlag, Wien 2009, ISBN 978-3-9502673-0-3
  • Budzinski, Klaus: Pfeffer ins Getriebe – So ist und wurde das Kabarett, Universitas Vlg., München 1982, ISBN 3-8004-1008-7
  • Budzinski, Klaus/Hippen, Reinhard: Metzler Kabarett Lexikon, Vlg. J.B. Metzler, Stuttgart-Weimar 1996, ISBN 3-476-01448-7
  • Deißner-Jenssen, Frauke: Die zehnte Muse – Kabarettisten erzählen, Henschel Verlag, Berlin (DDR) 1982
  • Finck, Werner: Spaßvogel - Vogelfrei, Berlin 1991, ISBN 3-548-22923-9
  • Fink, Iris: Von Travnicek bis Hinterholz 8 : Kabarett in Österreich ab 1945, von A bis Zugabe, Verl. Styria, Graz; Wien; Köln, 2000, ISBN 3-222-12773-5
  • Glodek, Tobias/Haberecht, Christian/Ungern-Sternberg, Christoph: Politisches Kabarett und Satire. Mit Beiträgen von Volker Kühn, Henning Venske, Peter Ensikat, Eckart v. Hirschhausen u.a., Wissenschaftlicher Verlag Berlin, Berlin 2007. ISBN 3-86573-262-3
  • Greul, Heinz: Bretter, die die Zeit bedeuten – Die Kulturgeschichte des Kabaretts, Kiepenheuer & Witsch, Köln-Berlin 1967
  • Henningsen, Jürgen: Theorie des Kabaretts, Düsseldorf-Benrath 1967
  • Hippen, Reinhard: Es liegt in der Luft. Kabarett im Dritten Reich, Zürich 1988
  • Jacobs, Dietmar: Untersuchungen zum DDR-Berufskabarett der Ära Honecker, Frankfurt/M., Berlin, Bern, New York, Paris, Wien, 1996. 309 S. Kölner Studien zur Literaturwissenschaft Vol. 8, Edited by Neuhaus Volker, ISBN 978-3-631-30546-1
  • Kühn, Volker: Deutschlands Erwachen. Kabarett unterm Hakenkreuz 1933-1945 (= Kleinkunststücke. Eine Kabarett-Bibliothek in fünf Bänden, Hrsg. Volker Kühn, Band3), Berlin 1989, S. 20.
  • Otto, Rainer/Rösler, Walter: Kabarettgeschichte, Henschelverlag, Berlin (DDR) 1977
  • Doris Rosenstein: Fernseh(schwäbisches) Kabarett [: Mathias Richling]. In: Suevica 7 (1993). Stuttgart 1994 [1995], S. 153-192 ISBN 3-88099-311-4
  • Siegordner, Martin: Politisches Kabarett- Definition, Geschichte und Stellung. GRIN Verlag, 2004. ISBN 978-3-638-72669-6
  • Schumann, Werner: Unsterbliches Kabarett, Richard Beeck Vlg., Hannover 1948
  • Vogel, Benedikt: Fiktionskulisse – Poetik und Geschichte des Kabaretts, Mentis Vlg., Paderborn 1993, ISBN 3-89785-105-9
  • Wacks, Georg: Die Budapester Orpheumgesellschaft. Ein Varieté in Wien 1889-1919. Vorwort: Gerhard Bronner, Holzhausen Verlag, Wien 2002, ISBN 3-85493-054-2
  • Zivier, Georg/Kotschenreuter, Hellmut/Ludwig, Volker: Kabarett mit K – Siebzig Jahre große Kleinkunst, Berlin Verlag Arno Spitz, Berlin 1989, ISBN 3-87061-242-8

August 25, 2023
kabarett, german, pronunciation, kabaˈʁɛt, from, french, cabaret, tavern, satirical, revue, form, cabaret, which, developed, france, rodolphe, salis, 1881, cabaret, artistique, named, chat, noir, centered, political, events, satire, later, inspired, creation, . Kabarett German pronunciation kabaˈʁɛt from French cabaret tavern is satirical revue a form of cabaret which developed in France by Rodolphe Salis in 1881 as the cabaret artistique It was named Le Chat Noir and was centered on political events and satire It later inspired creation of Kabarett venues in Germany from 1901 with the creation of Berlin s Uberbrettl venue and in Austria with the creation of the Jung Wiener Theater zum lieben Augustin housed in the Theater an der Wien By the Weimar era in the mid 1920s it was characterized by political satire and gallows humor 1 2 It shared the characteristic atmosphere of intimacy with the French cabaret from which it was imported but the gallows humor was a distinct German aspect 1 Contents 1 Difference from other forms 2 History 3 Other notable Kabarett artists 4 Notable Kabarett shows and venues 5 See also 6 References 7 Further readingDifference from other forms EditKabarett is the German word for the French word cabaret but has two different meanings The first meaning is the same as in English describing a form of entertainment featuring comedy song dance and theatre often the word cabaret is used in German for this as well to distinguish this form The latter describes a kind of political satire Unlike comedians who make fun of all kind of things Kabarett artists German Kabarettisten pride themselves as dedicated almost completely to political and social topics of more serious nature which they criticize using techniques like cynicism sarcasm and irony 1 2 3 History Edit UberbrettlThe first Kabarett venue was the Le Chat Noir in France founded in 1880 by Rodolphe Salis It later inspired similar venues in Germany and Austria such as the Uberbrettl the first Kabarett venue Berlin 1901 in Germany and the Jung Wiener Theater zum lieben Augustin in Vienna Ernst von Wolzogen founded in Berlin the first German cabaret called Uberbrettl literally Superstage a play of words on Friedrich Nietzsche s Ubermensch Superman later known as Buntes Theater colourful theatre in January 1901 4 In the foundation of the Uberbrettl von Wolzogen was inspired by Otto Julius Bierbaum s 1897 novel Stilpe In Munich the Die Elf Scharfrichter was co founded by Otto Falckenberg and others in April 1901 It is sometimes considered the first political kabarett citation needed Kabarett ROhrSTOCKAll forms of public criticism were banned by a censor on theatres in the German Empire however This was lifted at the end of the First World War allowing the kabarett artists to deal with social themes and political developments of the time This meant that German kabarett really began to blossom in the 1920s and 1930s bringing forth all kinds of new cabaret artists such as Werner Finck at the Katakombe Karl Valentin died 1948 at the Wien Munchen Fritz Grunbaum and Karl Farkas at the Kabarett Simpl in Vienna and Claire Waldoff Some of their texts were written by great literary figures such as Kurt Tucholsky Erich Kastner and Klaus Mann When the Nazi party came to power in 1933 they started to repress this intellectual criticism of the times Kabarett in Germany was hit badly Kander and Ebb s Broadway musical Cabaret based on the Christopher Isherwood novel Goodbye to Berlin deals with this period In 1935 Werner Finck was briefly imprisoned and sent to a concentration camp at the end of that year Kurt Tucholsky committed suicide and nearly all German speaking kabarett artists fled into exile in Switzerland France Scandinavia or the United States When the war ended the occupying powers ensured that the kabarett portrayed the horrors of the Nazi regime Soon various kabarett shows were also dealing with the government the Cold War and the Wirtschaftswunder Cabaret Ulenspiegel in Berlin 5 the university cabaret Tol l leranten in Mainz 6 the Kom m odchen in Dusseldorf and the Munchner Lach und Schiessgesellschaft in Munich 5 These were followed in the 1950s by television cabaret In the GDR the first state kabarett stage was opened in 1953 Berlin s Die Distel It was censored and had to be very careful in criticizing the state 1954 Die Pfeffermuhle in Leipzig In the 1960s West German kabarett was centred on Dusseldorf Munich and Berlin At the end of the decade the students movement of May 1968 split opinion on the genre as some old kabarett artists were booed off the stage for being part of the old establishment In the 1970s new forms of kabarett developed such as the television show Notizen aus der Provinz At the end of the 1980s kabarett was an important part of social criticism with a minor boom at the time of German reunification In eastern Germany kabarett artists had been growing more and more daring in their criticism of politicians in the time leading up to 1989 After reunification new social problems such as mass unemployment the privatization of companies and rapid changes in society meant that cabarets rose in number Dresden for example gained two new cabarets alongside the popular Herkuleskeule In the 1990s and at the start of the new millennium the television and film comedy boom and a lessening of public interest in politics meant that television kabarett audiences in Germany dropped citation needed In order to increase interest again the Walk of Fame of Cabaret in Mainz is honoring selected cabaret celebrities many past cabaret celebrities are honored by stars and each year a star for a living one is added As of 1999 contemporary active political kabarettists and satirists in Germany include Urban Priol Thomas Reis Arnulf Rating Heinrich Pachl 3 Gestirn Koln 1 Bruno Jonas Richard Rogler Mathias Richling Dieter Hildebrandt died 2013 Henning Venske Matthias Beltz died 2002 Matthias Deutschmann and Volker Pispers 7 Other notable Kabarett artists EditWilly Astor Jurgen Becker Konrad Beikircher Martin Betz Gerhard Bronner Karl Dall Alfred Dorfer Gerd Dudenhoffer Max Ehrlich died 1944 Karl Farkas Ottfried Fischer Lisa Fitz Egon Friedell died 1938 Andreas Giebel Rainald Grebe Christoph Grissemann Fritz Grunbaum died 1941 Gunter Grunwald Josef Hader Dieter Hallervorden Peter Hammerschlag died 1942 Eckart von Hirschhausen Franz Hohler Jorg Hube died 2009 Hanns Dieter Husch died 2005 Georg Kreisler died 2011 Reiner Krohnert Maren Kroymann Frank Ludecke Uwe Lyko Rolf Miller Wolfgang Neuss died 1989 Maria Ney Michael Niavarani Dieter Nuhr Gunther Paal Rainer Pause Erwin Pelzig Sissi Perlinger Gerhard Polt Andreas Rebers Lukas Resetarits Hagen Rether Mathias Richling Helmut Schleich Wilfried Schmickler Werner Schneyder Georg Schramm Horst Schroth Serdar Somuncu Emil Steinberger Dirk Stermann Ludger Stratmann Mathias Tretter Max Uthoff Claus von Wagner Bodo Wartke Sigi ZimmerschiedNotable Kabarett shows and venues EditCabaret Ulenspiegel Berlin Herkuleskeule Dresden Kom m odchen Dusseldorf Mitternachtsspitzen Cologne Munchner Lach und Schiessgesellschaft Munich Neues aus der Anstalt Notizen aus der Provinz Pantheon Theater Bonn Scheibenwischer Science Busters de Vienna Tol l leranten Mainz See also EditWalk of Fame of CabaretReferences Edit a b c 1997 The new encyclopaedia Britannica Volume 2 p 702 quote It retained the intimate atmosphere entertainment platform and improvisational character of the French cabaret but developed its own characteristic gallows humour By the late 1920s the German cabaret gradually had come to feature mildly risque musical entertainment for the middle class man as well as biting political and social satire It was also a centre for underground political and literary movements They were the centres of leftist of opposition to the rise of the German Nazi Party and often experienced Nazi retaliation for their criticism of the government a b Schonfeld Christiane Finnan Carmel 2006 Practicing modernity female creativity in the Weimar Republic p 192 ISBN 9783826032417 Fechner Charlotte Luise 2008 The Berlin Cabaret amp The Neue Frau 1918 1933 p 65 ISBN 978 3 638 92652 2 Green Martin Burgess Swan John C 28 February 1989 The Triumph of Pierrot The Commedia dell Arte and the Modern Imagination Pennsylvania State University Press p 196 ISBN 0 271 00928 4 a b Wolf Eckhard Gudemann 2007 Ich sag dir alles in German Gutersloh Munich Wissen Media Verlag GmbH p 713 ISBN 9783577102926 Retrieved 24 January 2012 Hans Dieter Husch biography husch org Retrieved 24 January 2012 in German Pisper Volker 1999 Damit mussen Sie rechnen Teil 1 pp 9 10 in Gefuhlte Wirklichkeiten 2001 Further reading EditAmbesser Gwendolyn von Schaubudenzauber Geschichte und Geschichten eines legendaren Kabaretts Verlag Edition AV Lich Hessen 2006 ISBN 3 936049 68 8 Arnbom Marie Theres Wacks Georg Judisches Kabarett in Wien 1889 2009 Armin Berg Verlag Wien 2009 ISBN 978 3 9502673 0 3 Budzinski Klaus Pfeffer ins Getriebe So ist und wurde das Kabarett Universitas Vlg Munchen 1982 ISBN 3 8004 1008 7 Budzinski Klaus Hippen Reinhard Metzler Kabarett Lexikon Vlg J B Metzler Stuttgart Weimar 1996 ISBN 3 476 01448 7 Deissner Jenssen Frauke Die zehnte Muse Kabarettisten erzahlen Henschel Verlag Berlin DDR 1982 Finck Werner Spassvogel Vogelfrei Berlin 1991 ISBN 3 548 22923 9 Fink Iris Von Travnicek bis Hinterholz 8 Kabarett in Osterreich ab 1945 von A bis Zugabe Verl Styria Graz Wien Koln 2000 ISBN 3 222 12773 5 Glodek Tobias Haberecht Christian Ungern Sternberg Christoph Politisches Kabarett und Satire Mit Beitragen von Volker Kuhn Henning Venske Peter Ensikat Eckart v Hirschhausen u a Wissenschaftlicher Verlag Berlin Berlin 2007 ISBN 3 86573 262 3 Greul Heinz Bretter die die Zeit bedeuten Die Kulturgeschichte des Kabaretts Kiepenheuer amp Witsch Koln Berlin 1967 Henningsen Jurgen Theorie des Kabaretts Dusseldorf Benrath 1967 Hippen Reinhard Es liegt in der Luft Kabarett im Dritten Reich Zurich 1988 Jacobs Dietmar Untersuchungen zum DDR Berufskabarett der Ara Honecker Frankfurt M Berlin Bern New York Paris Wien 1996 309 S Kolner Studien zur Literaturwissenschaft Vol 8 Edited by Neuhaus Volker ISBN 978 3 631 30546 1 Kuhn Volker Deutschlands Erwachen Kabarett unterm Hakenkreuz 1933 1945 Kleinkunststucke Eine Kabarett Bibliothek in funf Banden Hrsg Volker Kuhn Band3 Berlin 1989 S 20 Otto Rainer Rosler Walter Kabarettgeschichte Henschelverlag Berlin DDR 1977 Doris Rosenstein Fernseh schwabisches Kabarett Mathias Richling In Suevica 7 1993 Stuttgart 1994 1995 S 153 192 ISBN 3 88099 311 4 Siegordner Martin Politisches Kabarett Definition Geschichte und Stellung GRIN Verlag 2004 ISBN 978 3 638 72669 6 Schumann Werner Unsterbliches Kabarett Richard Beeck Vlg Hannover 1948 Vogel Benedikt Fiktionskulisse Poetik und Geschichte des Kabaretts Mentis Vlg Paderborn 1993 ISBN 3 89785 105 9 Wacks Georg Die Budapester Orpheumgesellschaft Ein Variete in Wien 1889 1919 Vorwort Gerhard Bronner Holzhausen Verlag Wien 2002 ISBN 3 85493 054 2 Zivier Georg Kotschenreuter Hellmut Ludwig Volker Kabarett mit K Siebzig Jahre grosse Kleinkunst Berlin Verlag Arno Spitz Berlin 1989 ISBN 3 87061 242 8 Retrieved from https en 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