kT (also written as kBT) is the product of the Boltzmann constant, k (or kB), and the temperature, T. This product is used in physics as a scale factor for energy values in molecular-scale systems (sometimes it is used as a unit of energy), as the rates and frequencies of many processes and phenomena depend not on their energy alone, but on the ratio of that energy and kT, that is, on E / kT (see Arrhenius equation, Boltzmann factor). For a system in equilibrium in canonical ensemble, the probability of the system being in state with energy E is proportional to e−ΔE / kT.[2]
More fundamentally, kT is the amount of heat required to increase the thermodynamic entropy of a system by k.
In physical chemistry, as kT often appears in the denominator of fractions (usually because of Boltzmann distribution), sometimes β = 1/kT is used instead of kT, turning e−ΔE / kT into e−βΔE.[2]
RT
RT is the product of the molar gas constant, R, and the temperature, T. This product is used in physics and chemistry as a scaling factor for energy values in macroscopic scale (sometimes it is used as a pseudo-unit of energy), as many processes and phenomena depend not on the energy alone, but on the ratio of energy and RT, i.e. E/RT. The SI units for RT are joules per mole (J/mol).
It differs from kT only by a factor of the Avogadro constant, NA. Its dimension is energy or ML2T−2, expressed in SI units as joules (J):
kT = RT/NA
References
^"Google Unit Converter". Retrieved 10 November 2018.
^ abAtkins, Peter (2010). Atkins' Physical Chemistry (9th ed.). OUP Oxford. pp. 564–591. ISBN978-0-19-954337-3.
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energy, approximate, values, unitskt, nmkt, calkt, mevkt, hzrelated, quantities, also, mvrt, kcal, pskt, also, written, product, boltzmann, constant, temperature, this, product, used, physics, scale, factor, energy, values, molecular, scale, systems, sometimes. Approximate values of kT at 298 K UnitskT 4 11 10 21 JkT 4 114 pN nmkT 9 83 10 22 calkT 25 7 meVkT 174 dBm HzRelated quantities also at 298 K kT hc 207 1 cm 1kT e 25 7 mVRT kT NA 2 479 kJ mol 1RT 0 593 kcal mol 1h kT 0 16 pskT also written as kBT is the product of the Boltzmann constant k or kB and the temperature T This product is used in physics as a scale factor for energy values in molecular scale systems sometimes it is used as a unit of energy as the rates and frequencies of many processes and phenomena depend not on their energy alone but on the ratio of that energy and kT that is on E kT see Arrhenius equation Boltzmann factor For a system in equilibrium in canonical ensemble the probability of the system being in state with energy E is proportional to e DE kT 2 More fundamentally kT is the amount of heat required to increase the thermodynamic entropy of a system by k In physical chemistry as kT often appears in the denominator of fractions usually because of Boltzmann distribution sometimes b 1 kT is used instead of kT turning e DE kT into e bDE 2 RT EditRT is the product of the molar gas constant R and the temperature T This product is used in physics and chemistry as a scaling factor for energy values in macroscopic scale sometimes it is used as a pseudo unit of energy as many processes and phenomena depend not on the energy alone but on the ratio of energy and RT i e E RT The SI units for RT are joules per mole J mol It differs from kT only by a factor of the Avogadro constant NA Its dimension is energy or ML2T 2 expressed in SI units as joules J kT RT NAReferences Edit Google Unit Converter Retrieved 10 November 2018 a b Atkins Peter 2010 Atkins Physical Chemistry 9th ed OUP Oxford pp 564 591 ISBN 978 0 19 954337 3 This thermodynamics related article is a stub You can help Wikipedia by expanding it vte This article about statistical mechanics is a stub You can help Wikipedia by expanding it vte Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title KT energy amp oldid 1119209528, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
