In telecommunications, data-transfer rate is the average number of bits (bitrate), characters or symbols (baudrate), or data blocks per unit time passing through a communication link in a data-transmission system. Common data rate units are multiples of bits per second (bit/s) and bytes per second (B/s). For example, the data rates of modern residential high-speed Internet connections are commonly expressed in megabits per second (Mbit/s).
The ISQ symbols for the bit and byte are bit and B, respectively. In the context of data-rate units, one byte consists of 8 bits, and is synonymous with the unit octet. The abbreviation bps is often used to mean bit/s, so that when a 1 Mbps connection is advertised, it usually means that the maximum achievable bandwidth is 1 Mbit/s (one million bits per second), which is 0.125 MB/s (megabyte per second), or about 0.1192 MiB/s (mebibyte per second). The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) uses the symbol b for bit.
Unit prefixes
In both the SI and ISQ, the prefix k stands for kilo, meaning 1,000, while Ki is the symbol for the binary prefixkibi-, meaning 1,024. The binary prefixes were introduced in 1998 by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) and in IEEE 1541-2002 which was reaffirmed on 27 March 2008. The letter K is often used as a non-standard abbreviation for 1,024, especially in "KB" to mean KiB, the kilobyte in its binary sense. In the context of data rates, however, typically only decimal prefixes are used, and they have their standard SI interpretation.
Variations
In 1999, the IEC published Amendment 2 to "IEC 60027-2: Letter symbols to be used in electrical technology – Part 2: Telecommunications and electronics". This standard, approved in 1998, introduced the prefixes kibi-, mebi-, gibi-, tebi-, pebi-, and exbi- to be used in specifying binary multiples of a quantity. The name is derived from the first two letters of the original SI prefixes followed by bi (short for binary). It also clarifies that the SI prefixes are used only to mean powers of 10 and never powers of 2.
Decimal multiples of bits
These units are often used in a manner inconsistent with the IEC standard.
Kilobit per second
Kilobit per second (symbol kbit/s or kb/s, often abbreviated "kbps") is a unit of data transfer rate equal to:
1,000 bits per second
125 bytes per second
Megabit per second
Megabit per second (symbol Mbit/s or Mb/s, often abbreviated "Mbps") is a unit of data transfer rate equal to:
1,000 kilobits per second
1,000,000 bits per second
125,000 bytes per second
125 kilobytes per second
Gigabit per second
Gigabit per second (symbol Gbit/s or Gb/s, often abbreviated "Gbps") is a unit of data transfer rate equal to:
1,000 megabits per second
1,000,000 kilobits per second
1,000,000,000 bits per second
125,000,000 bytes per second
125 megabytes per second
Terabit per second
Terabit per second (symbol Tbit/s or Tb/s, sometimes abbreviated "Tbps") is a unit of data transfer rate equal to:
1,000 gigabits per second
1,000,000 megabits per second
1,000,000,000 kilobits per second
1,000,000,000,000 bits per second
125,000,000,000 bytes per second
125 gigabytes per second
Decimal multiples of bytes
These units are often not used in the suggested ways; see above section titled "variations".
Kilobyte per second
kilobyte per second (kB/s) (can be abbreviated as kBps) is a unit of data transfer rate equal to:
8,000 bits per second
1,000 bytes per second
8 kilobits per second
Megabyte per second
megabyte per second (MB/s) (can be abbreviated as MBps) is a unit of data transfer rate equal to:
8,000,000 bits per second
1,000,000 bytes per second
1,000 kilobytes per second
8 megabits per second
Gigabyte per second
gigabyte per second (GB/s) (can be abbreviated as GBps) is a unit of data transfer rate equal to:
8,000,000,000 bits per second
1,000,000,000 bytes per second
1,000,000 kilobytes per second
1,000 megabytes per second
8 gigabits per second
Terabyte per second
terabyte per second (TB/s) (can be abbreviated as TBps) is a unit of data transfer rate equal to:
^"Penn Researchers Calculate How Much the Eye Tells the Brain". 26 July 2006.
^Koch K, J McLean, R Segev, MA Freed, MJ Berry II, V Balasubramanian, P Sterling. 2006. How much the eye tells the brain. Current Biology 16:1428-1434., 26 July 2006
^. Fujitsu Press Releases. Fujitsu. 2005-12-13. Archived from the original on 2007-03-17. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
International Electrotechnical Commission (2007). "" (archived). Retrieved on 2007-05-06. - updated page 2020-05-11 at the Wayback Machine lacks table but now references IEC 80000-13:2008 rather than IEC 60027-2.
IEC 60027-2 "Letter symbols to be used in electrical technology – Part 2: Telecommunications and electronics+
data, rate, units, rates, data, rate, units, name, symbol, multiplebit, second, 1metric, prefixes, kilobit, second, kbit, 10001megabit, second, mbit, 10002gigabit, second, gbit, 10003terabit, second, tbit, 1012, 10004binary, prefixes, 80000, kibibit, second, k. Bit rates data rate units Name Symbol Multiplebit per second bit s 1 1Metric prefixes SI kilobit per second kbit s 103 10001megabit per second Mbit s 106 10002gigabit per second Gbit s 109 10003terabit per second Tbit s 1012 10004Binary prefixes IEC 80000 13 kibibit per second Kibit s 210 10241mebibit per second Mibit s 220 10242gibibit per second Gibit s 230 10243tebibit per second Tibit s 240 10244In telecommunications data transfer rate is the average number of bits bitrate characters or symbols baudrate or data blocks per unit time passing through a communication link in a data transmission system Common data rate units are multiples of bits per second bit s and bytes per second B s For example the data rates of modern residential high speed Internet connections are commonly expressed in megabits per second Mbit s Contents 1 Standards for unit symbols and prefixes 1 1 Unit symbol 1 2 Unit prefixes 1 3 Variations 2 Decimal multiples of bits 2 1 Kilobit per second 2 2 Megabit per second 2 3 Gigabit per second 2 4 Terabit per second 3 Decimal multiples of bytes 3 1 Kilobyte per second 3 2 Megabyte per second 3 3 Gigabyte per second 3 4 Terabyte per second 4 Conversion table 5 Examples of bit rates 6 See also 7 Notes 8 References 9 External linksStandards for unit symbols and prefixes EditSee also Bit rate Unit symbol Edit The ISQ symbols for the bit and byte are bit and B respectively In the context of data rate units one byte consists of 8 bits and is synonymous with the unit octet The abbreviation bps is often used to mean bit s so that when a 1 Mbps connection is advertised it usually means that the maximum achievable bandwidth is 1 Mbit s one million bits per second which is 0 125 MB s megabyte per second or about 0 1192 MiB s mebibyte per second The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers IEEE uses the symbol b for bit Unit prefixes Edit In both the SI and ISQ the prefix k stands for kilo meaning 1 000 while Ki is the symbol for the binary prefix kibi meaning 1 024 The binary prefixes were introduced in 1998 by the International Electrotechnical Commission IEC and in IEEE 1541 2002 which was reaffirmed on 27 March 2008 The letter K is often used as a non standard abbreviation for 1 024 especially in KB to mean KiB the kilobyte in its binary sense In the context of data rates however typically only decimal prefixes are used and they have their standard SI interpretation Variations Edit In 1999 the IEC published Amendment 2 to IEC 60027 2 Letter symbols to be used in electrical technology Part 2 Telecommunications and electronics This standard approved in 1998 introduced the prefixes kibi mebi gibi tebi pebi and exbi to be used in specifying binary multiples of a quantity The name is derived from the first two letters of the original SI prefixes followed by bi short for binary It also clarifies that the SI prefixes are used only to mean powers of 10 and never powers of 2 Decimal multiples of bits EditThese units are often used in a manner inconsistent with the IEC standard Kilobit per second Edit Kilobit per second symbol kbit s or kb s often abbreviated kbps is a unit of data transfer rate equal to 1 000 bits per second 125 bytes per secondMegabit per second Edit Megabit per second symbol Mbit s or Mb s often abbreviated Mbps is a unit of data transfer rate equal to 1 000 kilobits per second 1 000 000 bits per second 125 000 bytes per second 125 kilobytes per secondGigabit per second Edit Gigabit per second symbol Gbit s or Gb s often abbreviated Gbps is a unit of data transfer rate equal to 1 000 megabits per second 1 000 000 kilobits per second 1 000 000 000 bits per second 125 000 000 bytes per second 125 megabytes per secondTerabit per second Edit Terabit per second symbol Tbit s or Tb s sometimes abbreviated Tbps is a unit of data transfer rate equal to 1 000 gigabits per second 1 000 000 megabits per second 1 000 000 000 kilobits per second 1 000 000 000 000 bits per second 125 000 000 000 bytes per second 125 gigabytes per secondDecimal multiples of bytes EditThese units are often not used in the suggested ways see above section titled variations Kilobyte per second Edit kilobyte per second kB s can be abbreviated as kBps is a unit of data transfer rate equal to 8 000 bits per second 1 000 bytes per second 8 kilobits per secondMegabyte per second Edit megabyte per second MB s can be abbreviated as MBps is a unit of data transfer rate equal to 8 000 000 bits per second 1 000 000 bytes per second 1 000 kilobytes per second 8 megabits per secondGigabyte per second Edit gigabyte per second GB s can be abbreviated as GBps is a unit of data transfer rate equal to 8 000 000 000 bits per second 1 000 000 000 bytes per second 1 000 000 kilobytes per second 1 000 megabytes per second 8 gigabits per secondTerabyte per second Edit terabyte per second TB s can be abbreviated as TBps is a unit of data transfer rate equal to 8 000 000 000 000 bits per second 1 000 000 000 000 bytes per second 1 000 000 000 kilobytes per second 1 000 000 megabytes per second 1 000 gigabytes per second 8 terabits per secondConversion table EditName Symbol bit per second byte per second bit per second formula byte per second formula bit per second bit s 1 0 125 1 1 8byte per second B s 8 1 8 1kilobit per second kbit s 1 000 125 103 1 8 103kibibit per second Kibit s 1 024 128 210 27kilobyte per second kB s 8 000 1 000 8 103 103kibibyte per second KiB s 8 192 1 024 213 210megabit per second Mbit s 1 000 000 125 000 106 1 8 106mebibit per second Mibit s 1 048 576 131 072 220 217megabyte per second MB s 8 000 000 1 000 000 8 106 106mebibyte per second MiB s 8 388 608 1 048 576 223 220gigabit per second Gbit s 1 000 000 000 125 000 000 109 1 8 109gibibit per second Gibit s 1 073 741 824 134 217 728 230 227gigabyte per second GB s 8 000 000 000 1 000 000 000 8 109 109gibibyte per second GiB s 8 589 934 592 1 073 741 824 233 230terabit per second Tbit s 1 000 000 000 000 125 000 000 000 1012 1 8 1012tebibit per second Tibit s 1 099 511 627 776 137 438 953 472 240 237terabyte per second TB s 8 000 000 000 000 1 000 000 000 000 8 1012 1012tebibyte per second TiB s 8 796 093 022 208 1 099 511 627 776 243 240Examples of bit rates EditMain article List of interface bit rates Quantity Unit bits per second bytes per second Field Description56 kbit s 56 000 7 000 Networking 56kbit modem 56 kbit s 56 000 bit s64 kbit s 64 000 8 000 Networking 64 kbit s in an ISDN B channel or best quality uncompressed telephone line 1 536 kbit s 1 536 000 192 000 Networking 24 channels of telephone in the US or a good VTC T1 10 Mbit s 10 000 000 1 250 000 Networking 107 bit s is the speed of classic Ethernet 10BASE2 10BASE5 10BASE T10 Mbit s 10 000 000 1 250 000 Biology Research suggests that the human retina transmits data to the brain at the rate of ca 107 bit s 1 2 dubious discuss 54 Mbit s 54 000 000 6 750 000 Networking 802 11g Wireless G LAN100 Mbit s 100 000 000 12 500 000 Networking Fast Ethernet600 Mbit s 600 000 000 75 000 000 Networking 802 11n Wireless N LAN1 Gbit s 1 000 000 000 125 000 000 Networking 1 Gigabit Ethernet10 Gbit s 10 000 000 000 1 250 000 000 Networking 10 Gigabit Ethernet100 Gbit s 100 000 000 000 12 500 000 000 Networking 100 Gigabit Ethernet1 Tbit s 1 000 000 000 000 125 000 000 000 Networking SEA ME WE 4 submarine communications cable 1 28 terabits per second 3 4 kbit s 4 000 500 Audio data minimum achieved for encoding recognizable speech using special purpose speech codecs 8 kbit s 8 000 1 000 Audio data low bit rate telephone quality32 kbit s 32 000 4 000 Audio data MW quality and ADPCM voice in telephony doubling the capacity of a 30 chan link to 60 ch 128 kbit s 128 000 16 000 Audio data 128 kbit s MP3 128 000 bit s192 kbit s 192 000 24 000 Audio data 192 kbit s MP3 192 000 bit s1 411 2 kbit s 1 411 200 176 400 Audio data CD audio uncompressed 16 bit samples 44 1 kHz 2 channels 2 Mbit s 2 000 000 250 000 Video data 30 channels of telephone audio or a Video Tele Conference at VHS quality8 Mbit s 8 000 000 1 000 000 Video data DVD quality27 Mbit s 27 000 000 3 375 000 Video data HDTV quality1 244 Gbit s 1 244 000 000 155 500 000 Networking OC 24 a 1 244 Gbit s SONET data channel9 953 Gbit s 9 953 000 000 1 244 125 000 Networking OC 192 a 9 953 Gbit s SONET data channel39 813 Gbit s 39 813 000 000 4 976 625 000 Networking OC 768 a 39 813 Gbit s SONET data channel the fastest in current use60 MB s 480 000 000 60 000 000 Computer data interfaces USB 2 0 High Speed98 3 MB s 786 432 000 98 304 000 Computer data interfaces FireWire IEEE 1394b 2002 S800120 MB s 960 000 000 120 000 000 Computer data interfaces Harddrive read Samsung SpinPoint F1 HD103Uj 4 133 MB s 1 064 000 000 133 000 000 Computer data interfaces Parallel ATA UDMA 6133 MB s 1 064 000 000 133 000 000 Computer data interfaces PCI 32 bit at 33 MHz standard configuration 188 MB s 1 504 000 000 188 000 000 Computer data interfaces SATA I 1 5 Gbit s First generation375 MB s 3 000 000 000 375 000 000 Computer data interfaces SATA II 3Gbit s Second generation500 MB s 4 000 000 000 500 000 000 Computer data interfaces PCI Express x1 v2 05 0 Gbit s 5 000 000 000 625 000 000 Computer data interfaces USB 3 0 SuperSpeed a k a USB 3 1 Gen1750 MB s 6 000 000 000 750 000 000 Computer data interfaces SATA III 6 Gbit s Third generation1067 MB s 8 533 333 333 1 066 666 667 Computer data interfaces PCI X 64 bit 133 MHz10 Gbit s 10 000 000 000 1 250 000 000 Computer data interfaces USB 3 1 SuperSpeed a k a USB 3 1 Gen21 250 MB s 10 000 000 000 1 250 000 000 Computer data interfaces Thunderbolt2 500 MB s 20 000 000 000 2 500 000 000 Computer data interfaces Thunderbolt 25 000 MB s 40 000 000 000 5 000 000 000 Computer data interfaces Thunderbolt 38 000 MB s 64 000 000 000 8 000 000 000 Computer data interfaces PCI Express x16 v2 012 000 MB s 96 000 000 000 12 000 000 000 Computer data interfaces InfiniBand 12X QDR16 000 MB s 128 000 000 000 16 000 000 000 Computer data interfaces PCI Express x16 v3 0See also EditBinary prefix Bit rate List of interface bit rates Orders of magnitude bit rate Orders of magnitude data Metric prefix Instructions per secondNotes Edit Penn Researchers Calculate How Much the Eye Tells the Brain 26 July 2006 Koch K J McLean R Segev MA Freed MJ Berry II V Balasubramanian P Sterling 2006 How much the eye tells the brain Current Biology 16 1428 1434 26 July 2006 Fujitsu Completes Construction of SEA ME WE 4 Submarine Cable Network Fujitsu Press Releases Fujitsu 2005 12 13 Archived from the original on 2007 03 17 Retrieved 2008 01 31 Samsung overtakes 21 November 2007 References EditInternational Electrotechnical Commission 2007 Prefixes for binary multiples archived Retrieved on 2007 05 06 updated page Archived 2020 05 11 at the Wayback Machine lacks table but now references IEC 80000 13 2008 rather than IEC 60027 2 IEC 60027 2 Letter symbols to be used in electrical technology Part 2 Telecommunications and electronics Donald Knuth What is a kilobyte External links EditValid8 Data Rate Calculator Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Data rate units amp oldid 1120145814 Kilobyte per second, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
