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Kōzuke Province

Kōzuke Province (上野国, Kōzuke-no kuni) was a province of Japan in the area of Japan that is today Gunma Prefecture.[1] Kōzuke bordered by Echigo, Shinano, Musashi and Shimotsuke Provinces. Its abbreviated form name was Jōshū (上州). Under the Engishiki classification system, Kōzuke was ranked as one of the 13 "great countries" (大国) in terms of importance, and one of the 30 "far countries" (遠国) in terms of distance from the capital. The provincial capital is located in what is now the city of Maebashi; however, its exact location remains uncertain. The ichinomiya of the province is located in what is now the city of Tomioka.

Map of Japanese provinces (1868) with Kōzuke Province highlighted
Hiroshige ukiyo-e " Kōzuke " in "The Famous Scenes of the Sixty States" (六十余州名所図会), depicting Mount Haruna Under Snow

History edit

During the 4th century AD, (Kofun period) the area of modern Gunma and Tochigi prefectures were known as Keno or Kenu (毛野), literally "hairy field", but used as ateji for 食野 or "food field" in reference to an imperial agricultural area.[2] At some unknown point in the 5th century, the area was divided at the Kinugawa River into Kamitsukeno (上毛野) ("Upper Keno") and Shimotsukeno (下毛野) ("Lower Keno"). Per the Nara period Taihō Code, these provinces became Kamitsukeno-no-kuni (上毛野国) and Shimotsukeno-no-kuni (下毛野国). At some point, the no meaning "field" was reanalyzed as the possessive particle no, resulting in shortened names (without the Kuni () or "province" portion) of Kamitsuke and Shimotsuke. In 713, with the standardization of province names into two kanji, these names became Kamitsuke (上野) and Shimotsuke (下野). Later regular sound changes caused Kamitsuke to shift to Kaudzuke, and then to modern Kōzuke.[2][3][4]

During the Heian period, from the year 811, Kōzuke (along with Hitachi and Kazusa) was one of the three provinces where an Imperial Prince was designated as nominal ruler. The area was noted for its production of horses. The original capital of the province was located in what is now Maebashi, along with the kokubun-ji and the sōja of the province. The ichinomiya was located in what is now the city of Tomioka.

During the Sengoku period, Kōzuke was contested between the later Hōjō clan, the Takeda and the Uesugi clans. After the establishment of the Tokugawa Shogunate, much of the province was assigned to several feudal domains. The Nakasendō and the Mikuni Kaidō highways passed through the province, and numerous post stations were established.

Following the Meiji restoration, the various domains became prefectures with the abolition of the han system in 1871. These various prefectures merged to form Gunma Prefecture in 1876. The area subsequently prospered with the development of sericulture and silk spinning industries.

Historical districts edit

  • Gunma Prefecture
    • Agatsuma District (吾妻郡)
    • Gunma District (群馬郡)
      • Higashigunma District (東群馬郡) - merged with Minamiseta District to become the 2nd incarnation of Seta District (勢多郡) on April 1, 1896
      • Nishigunma District (西群馬郡) - merged with Kataoka District to become the 2nd incarnation of Gunma District (群馬郡) on April 1, 1896
    • Kanra District (甘楽郡)
    • Kataoka District (片岡郡) - merged with Nishigunma District to become the 2nd incarnation of Gunma District on April 1, 1896
    • Kitagunma District (北群馬郡) - split off from Gunma District on October 1, 1949
    • Midono District (緑野郡) - merged with Minamikanra and Tago Districts to become Tano District on April 1, 1896
    • Nawa District (佐波郡) - merged with Sai District to become Sawa District (佐波郡) on April 1, 1896
    • Nitta District (新田郡) - dissolved
    • Ōra District (邑楽郡)
    • Sai District (佐波郡) - merged with Nawa District to become Sawa District on April 1, 1896
    • Seta District (勢多郡)
      • Kitaseta District (北勢多郡) - merged into Tone District on April 1, 1896
      • Minamiseta District (南勢多郡) - merged with Higashigunma District to become the 2nd incarnation of Seta District on April 1, 1896
    • Tago District (多胡郡) - merged with Minamikanra and Midono Districts to become Tano District on April 1, 1896
    • Tone District (利根郡) - absorbed Kitaseta District on April 1, 1896
    • Usui District (碓氷郡) - dissolved
    • Yamada District (山田郡) – dissolved

Bakumatsu period domains edit

Name type daimyō kokudaka notes
Maebashi Domain fudai Matsudaira 170,000 koku
Takasaki Domain fudai Ōkochi-Matsudaira 82,000 koku
Tatebayashi Domain fudai Akimoto 63,000 koku
Numata Domain fudai Toki 35,000 koku
Annaka Domain fudai Itakura 30,000 koku
Obata Domain fudai Okudaira-Matsudaira 20,000 koku
Isesaki Domain fudai Sakai 20,000 koku
Yoshii Domain shimpan Takatsukasa 12,000 koku
Nanukaichi Domain tozama Maeda 10,000 koku

Notes edit

  1. ^ Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "Kōzuke" in Japan Encyclopedia, p. 990, p. 990, at Google Books.
  2. ^ a b 1988, 国語大辞典(新装版) (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
  3. ^ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, ISBN 4-385-13905-9
  4. ^ 1995, 大辞泉 (Daijisen) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, ISBN 4-09-501211-0

References edit

External links edit

  Media related to Kozuke Province at Wikimedia Commons

  • Murdoch's map of provinces, 1903

kōzuke, province, 上野国, kōzuke, kuni, province, japan, area, japan, that, today, gunma, prefecture, kōzuke, bordered, echigo, shinano, musashi, shimotsuke, provinces, abbreviated, form, name, jōshū, 上州, under, engishiki, classification, system, kōzuke, ranked, . Kōzuke Province 上野国 Kōzuke no kuni was a province of Japan in the area of Japan that is today Gunma Prefecture 1 Kōzuke bordered by Echigo Shinano Musashi and Shimotsuke Provinces Its abbreviated form name was Jōshu 上州 Under the Engishiki classification system Kōzuke was ranked as one of the 13 great countries 大国 in terms of importance and one of the 30 far countries 遠国 in terms of distance from the capital The provincial capital is located in what is now the city of Maebashi however its exact location remains uncertain The ichinomiya of the province is located in what is now the city of Tomioka Map of Japanese provinces 1868 with Kōzuke Province highlighted Hiroshige ukiyo e Kōzuke in The Famous Scenes of the Sixty States 六十余州名所図会 depicting Mount Haruna Under SnowContents 1 History 2 Historical districts 3 Bakumatsu period domains 4 Notes 5 References 6 External linksHistory editDuring the 4th century AD Kofun period the area of modern Gunma and Tochigi prefectures were known as Keno or Kenu 毛野 literally hairy field but used as ateji for 食野 or food field in reference to an imperial agricultural area 2 At some unknown point in the 5th century the area was divided at the Kinugawa River into Kamitsukeno 上毛野 Upper Keno and Shimotsukeno 下毛野 Lower Keno Per the Nara period Taihō Code these provinces became Kamitsukeno no kuni 上毛野国 and Shimotsukeno no kuni 下毛野国 At some point the no meaning field was reanalyzed as the possessive particle no resulting in shortened names without the Kuni 国 or province portion of Kamitsuke and Shimotsuke In 713 with the standardization of province names into two kanji these names became Kamitsuke 上野 and Shimotsuke 下野 Later regular sound changes caused Kamitsuke to shift to Kaudzuke and then to modern Kōzuke 2 3 4 During the Heian period from the year 811 Kōzuke along with Hitachi and Kazusa was one of the three provinces where an Imperial Prince was designated as nominal ruler The area was noted for its production of horses The original capital of the province was located in what is now Maebashi along with the kokubun ji and the sōja of the province The ichinomiya was located in what is now the city of Tomioka During the Sengoku period Kōzuke was contested between the later Hōjō clan the Takeda and the Uesugi clans After the establishment of the Tokugawa Shogunate much of the province was assigned to several feudal domains The Nakasendō and the Mikuni Kaidō highways passed through the province and numerous post stations were established Following the Meiji restoration the various domains became prefectures with the abolition of the han system in 1871 These various prefectures merged to form Gunma Prefecture in 1876 The area subsequently prospered with the development of sericulture and silk spinning industries Historical districts editGunma Prefecture Agatsuma District 吾妻郡 Gunma District 群馬郡 Higashigunma District 東群馬郡 merged with Minamiseta District to become the 2nd incarnation of Seta District 勢多郡 on April 1 1896 Nishigunma District 西群馬郡 merged with Kataoka District to become the 2nd incarnation of Gunma District 群馬郡 on April 1 1896 Kanra District 甘楽郡 Kitakanra District 北甘楽郡 renamed as Kanra District 甘楽郡 on April 1 1950 Minamikanra District 南甘楽郡 merged with Midono and Tago Districts to become Tano District 多野郡 on April 1 1896 Kataoka District 片岡郡 merged with Nishigunma District to become the 2nd incarnation of Gunma District on April 1 1896 Kitagunma District 北群馬郡 split off from Gunma District on October 1 1949 Midono District 緑野郡 merged with Minamikanra and Tago Districts to become Tano District on April 1 1896 Nawa District 佐波郡 merged with Sai District to become Sawa District 佐波郡 on April 1 1896 Nitta District 新田郡 dissolved Ōra District 邑楽郡 Sai District 佐波郡 merged with Nawa District to become Sawa District on April 1 1896 Seta District 勢多郡 Kitaseta District 北勢多郡 merged into Tone District on April 1 1896 Minamiseta District 南勢多郡 merged with Higashigunma District to become the 2nd incarnation of Seta District on April 1 1896 Tago District 多胡郡 merged with Minamikanra and Midono Districts to become Tano District on April 1 1896 Tone District 利根郡 absorbed Kitaseta District on April 1 1896 Usui District 碓氷郡 dissolved Yamada District 山田郡 dissolvedBakumatsu period domains editName type daimyō kokudaka notesMaebashi Domain fudai Matsudaira 170 000 kokuTakasaki Domain fudai Ōkochi Matsudaira 82 000 kokuTatebayashi Domain fudai Akimoto 63 000 kokuNumata Domain fudai Toki 35 000 kokuAnnaka Domain fudai Itakura 30 000 kokuObata Domain fudai Okudaira Matsudaira 20 000 kokuIsesaki Domain fudai Sakai 20 000 kokuYoshii Domain shimpan Takatsukasa 12 000 kokuNanukaichi Domain tozama Maeda 10 000 kokuNotes edit Nussbaum Louis Frederic 2005 Kōzuke in Japan Encyclopedia p 990 p 990 at Google Books a b 1988 国語大辞典 新装版 Kokugo Dai Jiten Revised Edition in Japanese Tōkyō Shogakukan 2006 大辞林 Daijirin Third Edition in Japanese Tōkyō Sanseidō ISBN 4 385 13905 9 1995 大辞泉 Daijisen in Japanese Tōkyō Shogakukan ISBN 4 09 501211 0References editNussbaum Louis Frederic and Kathe Roth 2005 Japan encyclopedia Cambridge Harvard University Press ISBN 978 0 674 01753 5 OCLC 58053128 Papinot Edmond 1910 Historical and Geographic Dictionary of Japan Tokyo Librarie Sansaisha OCLC 77691250 in Japanese Kōzuke on Edo 300 HTML External links edit nbsp Media related to Kozuke Province at Wikimedia Commons Murdoch s map of provinces 1903 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Kōzuke Province amp oldid 1146608721, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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