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Junkers Ju 89

March 04, 2023

The Junkers Ju 89 was a heavy bomber designed for the Luftwaffe prior to World War II. Two prototypes were constructed, but the project was abandoned without the aircraft entering production. Elements of its design were incorporated into later Junkers aircraft.

Ju 89
Junkers Ju 89 in flight
Role Heavy bomber
Manufacturer Junkers
First flight 11 April 1937
Introduction 1938
Retired 1939
Status Retired
Primary user Luftwaffe
Number built 2

Development

From the very beginnings of the Luftwaffe in 1933, General Walther Wever, the chief of staff, realised the importance that strategic bombing would play in any future conflict. A Langstrecken-Grossbomber ("long-range big bomber") was needed to fulfill this role.

Under the Ural bomber programme, he began secret talks with two of Nazi Germany's leading aircraft manufacturers - Dornier and Junkers - requesting designs for a long-range bomber. The two companies responded with the Dornier Do 19 and the Junkers Ju 89, respectively, and the Reichsluftfahrtministerium (RLM) ordered prototypes for both aircraft in 1935. The RLM request asked for two prototypes and a prototype series of nine aircraft.

The Ju 89 and its competitor, the Dornier Do 19, both proved promising, but fell victim to a change of direction within the Luftwaffe. Wever was killed in a plane crash in 1936. His successors – Albert Kesselring, Ernst Udet, and Hans Jeschonnek – favoured smaller, tactical aircraft, since they could be used to support army operations; they also did not require as much material and manpower. They were proponents of the dive bomber (Ju 87 Stuka) and the doctrine of close support and destruction of the opposing airforces on the battle-ground rather than through attacking enemy industry.

They convinced Hermann Göring by emphasising the need for tactical bombers to act in an army support role. Albert Kesselring, Wever's successor, believed that what Germany required were more fighters and tactical bombers.

Also Kesselring and Jeschonnek had suggested to Göring that it would be better to drop heavy bomber projects due to material shortages. Around 2.5 tactical bombers could be built with the same material as one heavy bomber. In May 1937 Göring is reported as saying to Erhard Milch ‘The Führer does not ask me how big my bombers are, but how many there are’ [1]

While these beliefs seemed validated by Germany's early successes in the Blitzkrieg, the lack of strategic bombing capability severely hampered the Luftwaffe in the Battle of Britain and Operation Barbarossa.[opinion]

First prototype

On 11 April 1937, the Ju 89 prototype D-AFIT (V1, c/n 4911) was first flown by Hesselbach. Just 2½ weeks after the first flight, on 29 April 1937, the further development of both strategic bombers was cancelled by the RLM. The reason for this step was the high fuel consumption of heavy bombers, as well as because a large number of bombers could only be manufactured if these bombers were medium bombers, like the Ju 88.

Second prototype

Junkers completed the second Ju 89 prototype D-ALAT July 1937. Junkers used both prototypes for extensive flight tests to get experience of the stability and flight controls of large aircraft, but the third prototype V3 was stopped after the programme was cancelled.

On 4 June 1938, Junkers achieved a new payload/altitude world record with the second prototype D-ALAT with 5,000 kg (11,000 lb) payload at an altitude of 9,312 m (30,551 ft), (4,000 m (13,000 ft) more than a Short Stirling with the same payload). On 8 June 1938, D-ALAT reached an altitude of 7,242 m (23,760 ft) with 10,000 kg (22,000 lb). In late 1938, both aircraft were transferred to the Luftwaffe, where they were used as heavy transport aircraft.

Both Ju 89 prototypes seem to have been scrapped by the end of 1939, although some sources claim that they were still in use the following year in Norway. During testing, Luft Hansa expressed an interest in an airliner to be developed from the type, which led Junkers to rebuild the incomplete third prototype as the Ju 90.

Specifications (Ju 89 V2)

 

Data from The warplanes of the Third Reich[2]

General characteristics

  • Crew: 5
  • Length: 26.49 m (86 ft 11 in)
  • Wingspan: 35.268 m (115 ft 8.5 in)
  • Height: 7.6137 m (24 ft 11.75 in)
  • Wing area: 184.00 m2 (1,980.6 sq ft)
  • Empty weight: 17,164 kg (37,840 lb)
  • Gross weight: 22,800 kg (50,266 lb)
  • Max takeoff weight: 27,801 kg (61,290 lb)
  • Powerplant: 4 × Daimler-Benz DB 600A V-12 inverted air-cooled piston engines, 720 kW (960 hp) each for take-off
  • Propellers: 3-bladed constant-speed propellers

Performance

  • Maximum speed: 389.5 km/h (242.0 mph, 210.3 kn) at 5,000 m (16,400 ft)
349 km/h (217 mph; 188 kn) at sea level
  • Cruise speed: 315 km/h (196 mph, 170 kn)
  • Range: 1,601 km (995 mi, 865 nmi)
  • Ferry range: 2,000 km (1,240 mi, 1,080 nmi)
  • Service ceiling: 7,000 m (22,965 ft)

Armament
(proposed)

See also

Related development

Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era

Related lists

References

  1. ^ Irving, D (1973) The Rise and Fall of the Luftwaffe, P 54 London: Cox and Wyman ISBN 0 297 76532 9
  2. ^ Green, William (1972). The warplanes of the Third Reich (1st ed.). London: Doubleday. pp. 483–484. ISBN 0385057822.

External links

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Junkers Ju 89.

March 04, 2023
junkers, heavy, bomber, designed, luftwaffe, prior, world, prototypes, were, constructed, project, abandoned, without, aircraft, entering, production, elements, design, were, incorporated, into, later, junkers, aircraft, flightrole, heavy, bombermanufacturer, . The Junkers Ju 89 was a heavy bomber designed for the Luftwaffe prior to World War II Two prototypes were constructed but the project was abandoned without the aircraft entering production Elements of its design were incorporated into later Junkers aircraft Ju 89Junkers Ju 89 in flightRole Heavy bomberManufacturer JunkersFirst flight 11 April 1937Introduction 1938Retired 1939Status RetiredPrimary user LuftwaffeNumber built 2 Contents 1 Development 1 1 First prototype 1 2 Second prototype 2 Specifications Ju 89 V2 3 See also 4 References 5 External linksDevelopment EditThis section does not cite any sources Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed January 2021 Learn how and when to remove this template message From the very beginnings of the Luftwaffe in 1933 General Walther Wever the chief of staff realised the importance that strategic bombing would play in any future conflict A Langstrecken Grossbomber long range big bomber was needed to fulfill this role Under the Ural bomber programme he began secret talks with two of Nazi Germany s leading aircraft manufacturers Dornier and Junkers requesting designs for a long range bomber The two companies responded with the Dornier Do 19 and the Junkers Ju 89 respectively and the Reichsluftfahrtministerium RLM ordered prototypes for both aircraft in 1935 The RLM request asked for two prototypes and a prototype series of nine aircraft The Ju 89 and its competitor the Dornier Do 19 both proved promising but fell victim to a change of direction within the Luftwaffe Wever was killed in a plane crash in 1936 His successors Albert Kesselring Ernst Udet and Hans Jeschonnek favoured smaller tactical aircraft since they could be used to support army operations they also did not require as much material and manpower They were proponents of the dive bomber Ju 87 Stuka and the doctrine of close support and destruction of the opposing airforces on the battle ground rather than through attacking enemy industry They convinced Hermann Goring by emphasising the need for tactical bombers to act in an army support role Albert Kesselring Wever s successor believed that what Germany required were more fighters and tactical bombers Also Kesselring and Jeschonnek had suggested to Goring that it would be better to drop heavy bomber projects due to material shortages Around 2 5 tactical bombers could be built with the same material as one heavy bomber In May 1937 Goring is reported as saying to Erhard Milch The Fuhrer does not ask me how big my bombers are but how many there are 1 While these beliefs seemed validated by Germany s early successes in the Blitzkrieg the lack of strategic bombing capability severely hampered the Luftwaffe in the Battle of Britain and Operation Barbarossa opinion First prototype Edit On 11 April 1937 the Ju 89 prototype D AFIT V1 c n 4911 was first flown by Hesselbach Just 2 weeks after the first flight on 29 April 1937 the further development of both strategic bombers was cancelled by the RLM The reason for this step was the high fuel consumption of heavy bombers as well as because a large number of bombers could only be manufactured if these bombers were medium bombers like the Ju 88 Second prototype Edit Junkers completed the second Ju 89 prototype D ALAT July 1937 Junkers used both prototypes for extensive flight tests to get experience of the stability and flight controls of large aircraft but the third prototype V3 was stopped after the programme was cancelled On 4 June 1938 Junkers achieved a new payload altitude world record with the second prototype D ALAT with 5 000 kg 11 000 lb payload at an altitude of 9 312 m 30 551 ft 4 000 m 13 000 ft more than a Short Stirling with the same payload On 8 June 1938 D ALAT reached an altitude of 7 242 m 23 760 ft with 10 000 kg 22 000 lb In late 1938 both aircraft were transferred to the Luftwaffe where they were used as heavy transport aircraft Both Ju 89 prototypes seem to have been scrapped by the end of 1939 although some sources claim that they were still in use the following year in Norway During testing Luft Hansa expressed an interest in an airliner to be developed from the type which led Junkers to rebuild the incomplete third prototype as the Ju 90 Specifications Ju 89 V2 Edit Data from The warplanes of the Third Reich 2 General characteristicsCrew 5 Length 26 49 m 86 ft 11 in Wingspan 35 268 m 115 ft 8 5 in Height 7 6137 m 24 ft 11 75 in Wing area 184 00 m2 1 980 6 sq ft Empty weight 17 164 kg 37 840 lb Gross weight 22 800 kg 50 266 lb Max takeoff weight 27 801 kg 61 290 lb Powerplant 4 Daimler Benz DB 600A V 12 inverted air cooled piston engines 720 kW 960 hp each for take off Propellers 3 bladed constant speed propellersPerformance Maximum speed 389 5 km h 242 0 mph 210 3 kn at 5 000 m 16 400 ft 349 km h 217 mph 188 kn at sea level dd dd Cruise speed 315 km h 196 mph 170 kn Range 1 601 km 995 mi 865 nmi Ferry range 2 000 km 1 240 mi 1 080 nmi Service ceiling 7 000 m 22 965 ft Armament proposed 2 20 mm 0 787 in MG FF cannons 2 7 92 mm 0 312 in MG 15 machine guns 1 600 kg 3 500 lb bombloadSee also EditRelated development Ju 90 Ju 290 Ju 390Aircraft of comparable role configuration and era Boeing XB 15 Boeing B 17 Flying Fortress Dornier Do 19 Petlyakov Pe 8 Piaggio P 50 Piaggio P 108 Short Stirling Supermarine B 12 36Related lists List of military aircraft of Germany List of bomber aircraftReferences Edit Irving D 1973 The Rise and Fall of the Luftwaffe P 54 London Cox and Wyman ISBN 0 297 76532 9 Green William 1972 The warplanes of the Third Reich 1st ed London Doubleday pp 483 484 ISBN 0385057822 External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Junkers Ju 89 WW2 in Color permanent dead link Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Junkers Ju 89 amp oldid 1128973571, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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