In this Spanish name, the first or paternal surname is Prim and the second or maternal family name is Prats.
Juan Prim y Prats, 1st Count of Reus, 1st Marquis of los Castillejos, 1st Viscount of Bruch (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈxwam ˈpɾim i ˈpɾats]; Catalan: Joan Prim i Prats[ʒuˈam ˈpɾim i ˈpɾats]; 6 December 1814 – 30 December 1870) was a Spanish general and statesman[2] who was briefly Prime Minister of Spain until his assassination.
Born in Reus on 6 December 1814,[3] Prim was the son of lieutenant colonel Pablo Prim.[n. 1] He entered the free corps known as the tiradores de Isabel II and met his baptism of fire on 7 August 1834, during the First Carlist War, facing the Carlist party of Triaxet.[5]
Over the course of the war he rose to the rank of lieutenant-colonel and had two orders of knighthood conferred upon him. After the pacification of 1839, as a progressist opposed to the dictatorship of General Espartero, he was sent into exile. However, in 1843 he was elected deputy for Tarragona, and after defeating Espartero at Bruch he entered Madrid in triumph with General Serrano. The regent Maria Christina promoted him major-general, and made him conde de Reus (Count of Reus) and vizconde del Bruch (Viscount of Bruch).[6]
General Narváez, the prime minister, failed to understand what constitutional freedom meant, and General Prim, on showing signs of opposition, was sentenced to six years' imprisonment in the Philippine Islands. The sentence was not carried out, and Prim remained an exile in England and France until the amnesty of 1847. He then returned to Spain, and was first employed as captain-general of Puerto Rico (Governor of Puerto Rico) and afterwards as military representative with the sultan during the Crimean War. In 1854 he was elected to the cortes, and gave his support to General O'Donnell, who promoted him lieutenant-general in 1856. In the war with Morocco he did such good service at Castillejos (Fnideq), Cabo Negro, Guad al Gelu and Campamento in 1860 that he was made marqués de los Castillejos (Marquess of los Castillejos) and Grande de España (Grandee of Spain).[6]
Prim commanded the Spanish expeditionary army in Mexico in 1862, when Spain, Great Britain, and France sought forced payment from the liberal government of Benito Juárez for loans. Prim was a sympathizer with the Mexican liberal cause, thus he refused to consent to the ambitious schemes of French emperor Napoleon III, and withdrew Spanish forces following a meeting with Manuel Doblado.[7] Prim was a staunch supporter of the Union in the American Civil War and on his trip to the United States, where he visited New York and Philadelphia, he met with Lincoln in Washington.[8]
Photograph of General Prim, c. 1861-65
On Prim's return to Spain he joined the opposition, heading pronunciamentos in Catalonia against generals Narváez and O'Donnell. All his attempts failed until the death of Narváez in April 1868, after which Queen Isabella became increasingly tyrannical, until at last even Serrano was exiled. In September 1868 General Serrano and General Prim returned, and Brigadier Topete, commanding the fleet, raised the standard of revolt at Cádiz. In July 1869 General Serrano was elected regent,[9] and Prim became president of the council and was made a marshal.
On 6 November 1870 Amadeo, Duke of Aosta, was elected king of Spain, but General Prim, on leaving the chamber of the Cortes on 28 December, was shot by unknown assassins and died two days later.[10] The Cortes took his children as wards of the country; three days afterwards King Amadeo I swore in the presence of the corpse to observe the new Spanish constitution.[6] This is due to the fact that Prim had searched all the European courts of the time trying to find a monarch who was not opposed to being democratically elected. He is quoted for saying that "looking for a democratic monarch in Europe is like trying to find an atheist in heaven".[citation needed] After France had rejected the almost elected Leopold of Hohenzollern because of their fear that Prussia might thereby become more powerful, Amadeo of Savoy was the most fitting who consented.[citation needed]
The workshop of metalworker Plácido Zuloaga was commissioned to make a monumental sarcophagus for Prim. Completed in 1875 in Eibar, this now resides in the cemetery at Reus.[11]
^According to W.O. Cavenagh (1898), writing for The Genealogical Magazine, Juan Prim was a descendant of John Prim, of Johnswell, county Kilkenny (d. 1755), an Irish descendant of a family of Dutch settlers originally surnamed Prime, established in England during the reign of Elizabeth I and a branch of which relocated to Ireland during the reign of Charles I. A descendant of Mark (d. 1782)—eldest son of John and his first wife Miss Rodgers—would have migrated to Spain, made a fortune and founded the Spanish branch.[4]
^Brian Hamnett, Juárez, New York: Longmans 1994, pp. 169, 278.
^Fradera 2000, p. 259. sfn error: no target: CITEREFFradera2000 (help)
^John Da Graça (13 February 2017). Heads of State and Government. Springer. p. 815. ISBN978-1-349-65771-1.
^Baynes, Thomas Spencer (1891). The Encyclopædia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, and General Literature. M. Sommerville.
^Lavin, James D. (1997). The art and tradition of the Zuloagas : Spanish damascene from the Khalili Collection. Oxford: Khalili Family Trust in association with the Victoria and Albert Museum. p. 58. ISBN1-874780-10-2. OCLC 37560664.
Bibliography
Rubio, Carlos (1869). Historia Filosófica de la Revolución Española de 1868(PDF). Madrid: Imprenta y Librería de M. Guijarro.
Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Prim, Juan" . Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
Further reading
Blairet, Louis (1867). Le Général Prim et la situation actuelle de l'Espagne. Paris.
Guillaumot (1870). Juan Prim et l'Espagne. Paris.
Guited, Gimenez y (1860). Guited, Historia militar y política del General Don Juan Prim. Barcelona.
Léonardon, Henri (1901). Prim. Paris. (in French, contains a useful bibliography).
Schurz, Carl (1907). "VI. Spain". Reminiscences. Vol. II. New York: McClure Publ. Co. pp. 293–300. Schurz was the United States' ambassador to Spain in 1860. In his Reminiscences, he gives a short biography of Prim as well as his recollections of his own talks with Prim and the Spanish court.
juan, prim, this, spanish, name, first, paternal, surname, prim, second, maternal, family, name, prats, prats, count, reus, marquis, castillejos, viscount, bruch, spanish, pronunciation, ˈxwam, ˈpɾim, ˈpɾats, catalan, joan, prim, prats, ʒuˈam, ˈpɾim, ˈpɾats, d. In this Spanish name the first or paternal surname is Prim and the second or maternal family name is Prats Juan Prim y Prats 1st Count of Reus 1st Marquis of los Castillejos 1st Viscount of Bruch Spanish pronunciation ˈxwam ˈpɾim i ˈpɾats Catalan Joan Prim i Prats ʒuˈam ˈpɾim i ˈpɾats 6 December 1814 30 December 1870 was a Spanish general and statesman 2 who was briefly Prime Minister of Spain until his assassination The Most ExcellentJuan PrimPortrait by Luis MadrazoPrime Minister of SpainIn office 18 June 1869 27 December 1870MonarchsVacant Amadeo after November 16 1870 Preceded byFrancisco Serrano y DominguezSucceeded byJuan Bautista TopeteCaptain General of Puerto RicoIn office 1847 1848Preceded byRafael de Aristegui y VelezSucceeded byJuan de la Pezuela y CevallosPersonal detailsBornAnton Joan Pau Maria Prim 1 1814 12 06 6 December 1814 1 Reus SpainDied30 December 1870 1870 12 30 aged 56 Madrid SpainPolitical partyProgressiveProfessionPoliticianSignatureMilitary serviceBranch serviceArmyYears of service1834 1868RankGeneralBattles warsFirst Carlist WarCrimean WarFirst Hispano Moroccan WarSecond French intervention in MexicoGlorious RevolutionAwardsLaureate Cross of Saint Ferdinand 3 Order of the Medjidie Contents 1 Biography 2 Gallery 3 See also 4 References 5 External linksBiography EditThis section needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed May 2020 Learn how and when to remove this template message Juan Prim Spanish general and statesman Painting by Antonio Maria Esquivel Born in Reus on 6 December 1814 3 Prim was the son of lieutenant colonel Pablo Prim n 1 He entered the free corps known as the tiradores de Isabel II and met his baptism of fire on 7 August 1834 during the First Carlist War facing the Carlist party of Triaxet 5 Over the course of the war he rose to the rank of lieutenant colonel and had two orders of knighthood conferred upon him After the pacification of 1839 as a progressist opposed to the dictatorship of General Espartero he was sent into exile However in 1843 he was elected deputy for Tarragona and after defeating Espartero at Bruch he entered Madrid in triumph with General Serrano The regent Maria Christina promoted him major general and made him conde de Reus Count of Reus and vizconde del Bruch Viscount of Bruch 6 General Narvaez the prime minister failed to understand what constitutional freedom meant and General Prim on showing signs of opposition was sentenced to six years imprisonment in the Philippine Islands The sentence was not carried out and Prim remained an exile in England and France until the amnesty of 1847 He then returned to Spain and was first employed as captain general of Puerto Rico Governor of Puerto Rico and afterwards as military representative with the sultan during the Crimean War In 1854 he was elected to the cortes and gave his support to General O Donnell who promoted him lieutenant general in 1856 In the war with Morocco he did such good service at Castillejos Fnideq Cabo Negro Guad al Gelu and Campamento in 1860 that he was made marques de los Castillejos Marquess of los Castillejos and Grande de Espana Grandee of Spain 6 Prim commanded the Spanish expeditionary army in Mexico in 1862 when Spain Great Britain and France sought forced payment from the liberal government of Benito Juarez for loans Prim was a sympathizer with the Mexican liberal cause thus he refused to consent to the ambitious schemes of French emperor Napoleon III and withdrew Spanish forces following a meeting with Manuel Doblado 7 Prim was a staunch supporter of the Union in the American Civil War and on his trip to the United States where he visited New York and Philadelphia he met with Lincoln in Washington 8 Photograph of General Prim c 1861 65 On Prim s return to Spain he joined the opposition heading pronunciamentos in Catalonia against generals Narvaez and O Donnell All his attempts failed until the death of Narvaez in April 1868 after which Queen Isabella became increasingly tyrannical until at last even Serrano was exiled In September 1868 General Serrano and General Prim returned and Brigadier Topete commanding the fleet raised the standard of revolt at Cadiz In July 1869 General Serrano was elected regent 9 and Prim became president of the council and was made a marshal On 6 November 1870 Amadeo Duke of Aosta was elected king of Spain but General Prim on leaving the chamber of the Cortes on 28 December was shot by unknown assassins and died two days later 10 The Cortes took his children as wards of the country three days afterwards King Amadeo I swore in the presence of the corpse to observe the new Spanish constitution 6 This is due to the fact that Prim had searched all the European courts of the time trying to find a monarch who was not opposed to being democratically elected He is quoted for saying that looking for a democratic monarch in Europe is like trying to find an atheist in heaven citation needed After France had rejected the almost elected Leopold of Hohenzollern because of their fear that Prussia might thereby become more powerful Amadeo of Savoy was the most fitting who consented citation needed The workshop of metalworker Placido Zuloaga was commissioned to make a monumental sarcophagus for Prim Completed in 1875 in Eibar this now resides in the cemetery at Reus 11 Gallery Edit Monument to Prim sculpted by Josep Llimona in Reus Assassination of Juan Prim drawing by Pierre Mejanel Amadeo I in front of the coffin of General Prim 1870 by Antonio Gisbert Commemorative plaqueSee also EditList of unsolved murdersReferences EditInformational notes According to W O Cavenagh 1898 writing for The Genealogical Magazine Juan Prim was a descendant of John Prim of Johnswell county Kilkenny d 1755 an Irish descendant of a family of Dutch settlers originally surnamed Prime established in England during the reign of Elizabeth I and a branch of which relocated to Ireland during the reign of Charles I A descendant of Mark d 1782 eldest son of John and his first wife Miss Rodgers would have migrated to Spain made a fortune and founded the Spanish branch 4 Citations a b Baptism inscription Juan Prim Spanish statesman Encyclopedia Britannica Retrieved 2019 11 14 Rubio 1869 p 226 227 Cavenagh W O July 1898 The Prims of Johnswell An Episode of the Irish Wars The Genealogical Magazine 91 94 Rubio 1869 pp 227 228 a b c Chisholm 1911 Brian Hamnett Juarez New York Longmans 1994 pp 169 278 Fradera 2000 p 259 sfn error no target CITEREFFradera2000 help John Da Graca 13 February 2017 Heads of State and Government Springer p 815 ISBN 978 1 349 65771 1 Baynes Thomas Spencer 1891 The Encyclopaedia Britannica A Dictionary of Arts Sciences and General Literature M Sommerville Lavin James D 1997 The art and tradition of the Zuloagas Spanish damascene from the Khalili Collection Oxford Khalili Family Trust in association with the Victoria and Albert Museum p 58 ISBN 1 874780 10 2 OCLC 37560664 BibliographyRubio Carlos 1869 Historia Filosofica de la Revolucion Espanola de 1868 PDF Madrid Imprenta y Libreria de M Guijarro Chisholm Hugh ed 1911 Prim Juan Encyclopaedia Britannica 11th ed Cambridge University Press Further readingBlairet Louis 1867 Le General Prim et la situation actuelle de l Espagne Paris Guillaumot 1870 Juan Prim et l Espagne Paris Guited Gimenez y 1860 Guited Historia militar y politica del General Don Juan Prim Barcelona Leonardon Henri 1901 Prim Paris in French contains a useful bibliography Schurz Carl 1907 VI Spain Reminiscences Vol II New York McClure Publ Co pp 293 300 Schurz was the United States ambassador to Spain in 1860 In his Reminiscences he gives a short biography of Prim as well as his recollections of his own talks with Prim and the Spanish court External links EditMap 1866 of the approximate route of Prim from Ocana to Portugal Wikimedia Commons has media related to Juan Prim Preceded byRafael De Aristegui y Velez Governor of Puerto Rico1847 1848 Succeeded byJuan De La Pezuela y CevallosPreceded byFrancisco Serrano y Dominguez Duke de la Torre Prime Minister of Spain1868 1869 Succeeded byJuan Bautista Topete y Carballo Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Juan Prim amp oldid 1139470301, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
