A Journey Beyond the Three Seas was the first Russian literary work to depict a strictly commercial, non-religious trip. Prior texts were pilgrimage texts, which depicted travel to holy sites and were more standardized, dry and conventional. The author visited the Caucasus, Persia, India and the Crimea. However, most of the notes are dedicated to India, its political structure, trade, agriculture, customs and ceremonies. The work is full of lyrical digressions and autobiographic passages. There is a strong individual, authorial presence. Its last page is in Turkic and broken Arabic; these are, in fact, typical Muslim prayers, indicating that Nikitin might have converted to Islam while he was in India, although his lapse from Christianity bothered him as he mentions several times in the text.[3]
On the other hand Nikitin consistently prays to Blessed Virgin Mary as Theotokos, Christian Orthodox Saints, tries to observe Christian rites, and so on. The author did not make his way back to his native land; he died on the trip home. In 1475, the manuscript made its way to Moscow into the hands of a government official by the name of Vasili Mamyrev. Later on, it was incorporated into the annalistic code of 1489, the Sofia Second Chronicle and the Lviv Chronicle.
Referencesedit
^Cornwell, Neil (2 December 2013). Reference Guide to Russian Literature. Routledge. p. 583. ISBN978-1-134-26070-6. Afanasii Nikitin is known for his travelogue Khozhenie za tri moria [Journey Beyond the Three Seas], which transcended its genre to become a classic of Russian literature.
^Mirsky, Prince D. S. (1999). A History of Russian Literature from Its Beginnings to 1900. Northwestern University Press. p. 19. ISBN978-0-8101-1679-5.
^For a translation of Nikitin's account, see Richard H. Major, ed. "The Travels of Athanasius Nikitin," tr. Mikhail M. Wielhorsky. In India in the Fifteenth Century. Hakluyt Society, ser. 1. volume 22. (London: Hakluyt Society, 1857).
Further readingedit
Lenhoff, Gail & Martin, Janet (1989). "The Commercial and Cultural Context of Afanasij Nikitin's Journey Beyond Three Seas". Jahrbücher für Geschichte Osteuropas. 37 (3): 321–344.
Martin, Janet (1985). "Muscovite travelling merchants: The trade with the Muslim East (15th and 16th centuries)". Central Asian Survey. 4 (3): 21–38. doi:10.1080/02634938508400510.
Maxwell, Mary Jane (2006). "Afanasii Nikitin: An Orthodox Russian's Spiritual Voyage in the Dar al-Islam, 1468-1475". Journal of World History. 17 (3): 243–266. doi:10.1353/jwh.2006.0049. S2CID 144433480.
External linksedit
Full text of A Journey Beyond Three Seas(in Russian)
January 01, 1970
journey, beyond, three, seas, film, pardesi, 1957, film, russian, Хожение, за, три, моря, romanized, khozheniye, morya, russian, travelogue, form, travel, notes, made, afanasy, nikitin, merchant, from, tver, during, journey, india, 1466, 1472, first, russian, . For the film see Pardesi 1957 film A Journey Beyond the Three Seas Russian Hozhenie za tri morya romanized Khozheniye za tri morya is a Russian travelogue in the form of travel notes made by Afanasy Nikitin a merchant from Tver during his journey to India in 1466 1472 1 2 A Journey Beyond the Three Seas was the first Russian literary work to depict a strictly commercial non religious trip Prior texts were pilgrimage texts which depicted travel to holy sites and were more standardized dry and conventional The author visited the Caucasus Persia India and the Crimea However most of the notes are dedicated to India its political structure trade agriculture customs and ceremonies The work is full of lyrical digressions and autobiographic passages There is a strong individual authorial presence Its last page is in Turkic and broken Arabic these are in fact typical Muslim prayers indicating that Nikitin might have converted to Islam while he was in India although his lapse from Christianity bothered him as he mentions several times in the text 3 On the other hand Nikitin consistently prays to Blessed Virgin Mary as Theotokos Christian Orthodox Saints tries to observe Christian rites and so on The author did not make his way back to his native land he died on the trip home In 1475 the manuscript made its way to Moscow into the hands of a government official by the name of Vasili Mamyrev Later on it was incorporated into the annalistic code of 1489 the Sofia Second Chronicle and the Lviv Chronicle References edit Cornwell Neil 2 December 2013 Reference Guide to Russian Literature Routledge p 583 ISBN 978 1 134 26070 6 Afanasii Nikitin is known for his travelogue Khozhenie za tri moria Journey Beyond the Three Seas which transcended its genre to become a classic of Russian literature Mirsky Prince D S 1999 A History of Russian Literature from Its Beginnings to 1900 Northwestern University Press p 19 ISBN 978 0 8101 1679 5 For a translation of Nikitin s account see Richard H Major ed The Travels of Athanasius Nikitin tr Mikhail M Wielhorsky In India in the Fifteenth Century Hakluyt Society ser 1 volume 22 London Hakluyt Society 1857 Further reading editLenhoff Gail amp Martin Janet 1989 The Commercial and Cultural Context of Afanasij Nikitin s Journey Beyond Three Seas Jahrbucher fur Geschichte Osteuropas 37 3 321 344 Martin Janet 1985 Muscovite travelling merchants The trade with the Muslim East 15th and 16th centuries Central Asian Survey 4 3 21 38 doi 10 1080 02634938508400510 Maxwell Mary Jane 2006 Afanasii Nikitin An Orthodox Russian s Spiritual Voyage in the Dar al Islam 1468 1475 Journal of World History 17 3 243 266 doi 10 1353 jwh 2006 0049 S2CID 144433480 External links editFull text of A Journey Beyond Three Seas in Russian Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title A Journey Beyond the Three Seas amp oldid 1217729282, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
