Joseph Polchinski
Joseph Gerard Polchinski Jr.[2] (/pəlˈtʃɪnski/; May 16, 1954 – February 2, 2018) was an American theoretical physicist and string theorist.[3][4]
Joseph Polchinski | |
|---|---|
Polchinski in 2004 | |
| Born | May 16, 1954 White Plains, New York, U.S. |
| Died | February 2, 2018 (aged 63) |
| Alma mater | California Institute of Technology (BS) University of California, Berkeley (PhD) |
| Known for | D-branes[1] Polchinski's paradox Black hole firewall Everett phone |
| Awards | Dannie Heineman Prize (2007) Dirac Medal (2008) Breakthrough Prize (2017) |
| Scientific career | |
| Fields | Theoretical physics |
| Institutions | University of California, Santa Barbara |
| Doctoral advisor | Stanley Mandelstam |
| Doctoral students | Robert Leigh |
Biography edit
Polchinski was born in White Plains, New York, the elder of two children to Joseph Gerard Polchinski Sr. (1929–2002),[5] a financial consultant and manager, and Joan (née Thornton), an office worker and homemaker.[6] Polchinski was primarily of Irish descent with his paternal grandfather being Polish.[7]
Polchinski graduated from Canyon del Oro High School in Tucson, Arizona, in 1971. He obtained his B.S. degree from Caltech in 1975, and his Ph.D. from the University of California, Berkeley, in 1980 under the supervision of Stanley Mandelstam. He did not publish any papers as a graduate student. After postdoctoral positions at SLAC (1980–82) and Harvard (1982–84) he was a professor at the University of Texas at Austin from 1984 to 1992. From 1992 to March 2017 he was a professor in the Physics Department at the University of California, Santa Barbara and a permanent member of the Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics there.[8]
Contributions edit
Polchinski wrote the two-volume textbook String Theory, published in 1998. Among his many contributions to theoretical physics, D-branes are the best known. In 2008 he won the Dirac Medal for his work in superstring theory.[9] He was awarded the 2017 Breakthrough Prize in Fundamental Physics in recognition of his contributions to theoretical physics.[10]
D-branes edit
Polchinski's contributions to D-brane physics were a primary trigger of the 2nd superstring revolution and the physics of holographic gauge-gravity dualities. After co-discovering D-branes in 1989, his 1995 work conjectured and partially demonstrated the equivalence between D-branes and black p-branes. The duality between these objects was soon understood to be a demonstration of holography, in which a theory of quantum gravity (the black p-branes) is equivalent to a lower-dimensional theory without gravity (the D-branes), as later demonstrated in Maldacena's AdS/CFT duality.
Polchinski's paradox edit
In an unpublished communication to Kip Thorne circa 1990, commenting on the Novikov self-consistency principle (in relation to sending objects or people through a traversable wormhole into the past, and the time paradoxes that could result), Polchinski raised a potentially paradoxical situation involving a billiard ball sent through a wormhole which sends it back in time. In this scenario, the ball is fired into a wormhole at an angle such that, if it continues along that path, it will exit the wormhole in the past at just the right angle to collide with its earlier self, thereby knocking it off course and preventing it from entering the wormhole in the first place. Thorne dubbed this problem "Polchinski's paradox" in 1994.[11] Later students of the whimsical problem came up with solutions which managed to avoid any inconsistencies, by having the ball emerge from the future at a different angle than the one used to generate the paradox, and deliver its younger self a glancing blow instead of knocking it completely away from the wormhole, a blow which changes its trajectory in just the right way so that it will travel back in time with the angle required to deliver its younger self this glancing blow.[11]
2012 paper on black holes edit
In July 2012, Polchinski, with two of his students, James Sully and Ahmed Almheiri, and fellow string theorist Donald Marolf at the University of California, Santa Barbara (UCSB), published a paper[12] whose calculations about black hole radiation suggested that either general relativity's equivalence principle is wrong, or else a key tenet of quantum mechanics is incorrect.[13]
In popular culture edit
Polchinski was the subject of a running gag on an episode of The Big Bang Theory. In the episode "The Paintball Scattering", Sheldon would choke up and be unable to respond every time anybody asked if the paper on super-symmetry, which he had recently published with his wife, Amy, was derivative of the work of Polchinski.
Personal life and death edit
Polchinski had two sons, Steven and Daniel, with his wife, Dorothy Maria Chun, whom he married in 1980.[6]
He died at his home in Santa Barbara, California on February 2, 2018, of brain cancer, at the age of 63.[6]
Bibliography edit
- Polchinski, Joseph (1998a), String Theory Vol. I: An Introduction to the Bosonic String, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-63303-6
- Polchinski, Joseph (1998b), String Theory Vol. II: Superstring Theory and Beyond, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-63304-4
- Polchinski, Joseph (2017), "Memories of a Theoretical Physicist", arXiv:1708.09093 [physics.hist-ph]. Autobiographical memoir.
References edit
- ^ Polchinski, J. (1995). "Dirichlet branes and Ramond-Ramond charges." Physical Review D, 50(10), R6041–R6045.
- ^ "JOSEPH GERARD POLCHINSKI". Physics History Network.
- ^ Yang, Henry T. (2 February 2018). "Obituary: Professor Emeritus Joseph Polchinski". UC Santa Barbara.
- ^ "Joe Polchinski (1954-2018): La teoría de cuerdas está de luto". La Ciencia de la Mula Francis (in European Spanish). 3 February 2018. Retrieved 2018-02-03.
- ^ "Joseph Gerard Polchinski, Sr". Geni.com. 10 January 1929.
- ^ a b c Overbye, Dennis (7 February 2018). "Joseph Polchinski, 63, Leading Theorist on Multiple Universes, Dies". The New York Times.
- ^ Polchinski, Joseph (2017). "Memories of a Theoretical Physicist". arXiv:1708.09093 [physics.hist-ph].
- ^ . Archived from the original on April 17, 2007.
- ^ "Dirac Medallists 2008 | ICTP". www.ictp.it.
- ^ Leachman, Shelly (December 5, 2016). "Another Major Breakthrough". University of California, Santa Barbara. Retrieved December 5, 2016.
- ^ a b Thorne, Kip S. (1994). Black Holes and Time Warps. W. W. Norton. pp. 510–513. ISBN 0-393-31276-3.
- ^ Almheiri, Ahmed; Marolf, Donald; Polchinski, Joseph; Sully, James (11 February 2013). "Black holes: complementarity or firewalls?". Journal of High Energy Physics. 2013 (2): 62. arXiv:1207.3123. Bibcode:2013JHEP...02..062A. doi:10.1007/JHEP02(2013)062. S2CID 55581818.
- ^ Merali, Zeeya (April 1, 2013). "Astrophysics: Fire in the hole!". Nature. 496 (7443): 20–23. Bibcode:2013Natur.496...20M. doi:10.1038/496020a. PMID 23552926.
External links edit
- Personal website
- "Joe Polchinski: 2017 Breakthrough Symposium". YouTube. 21 February 2017. Archived from the original on 2021-12-21.