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Josefa de Óbidos

December 12, 2023

Josefa de Óbidos (Portuguese: [ʒuˈzɛfɐ ð(j) ˈɔβiðuʃ]; c. 1630 – 22 July 1684[1]) was a Spanish-born Portuguese painter. Her birth name was Josefa de Ayala Figueira, but she signed her work as "Josefa em Óbidos" or "Josefa de Ayalla". All of her work was executed in Portugal, her father's native country, where she lived from the age of four. Approximately 150 works of art have been attributed to Josefa de Óbidos, making her one of the most prolific Baroque artists in Portugal.[2]

Josefa de Óbidos
Nativity of Jesus by Josefa de Óbidos, 1669, National Museum of Ancient Art, Lisbon
Born
Josefa de Ayala Figueira

c. 1630
Seville, Crown of Castile
Died22 July 1684(1684-07-22) (aged 54)
Óbidos, Kingdom of Portugal

Biography edit

Josefa de Óbidos was baptized in Seville, Spain, on 20 February 1630;[3] her godfather was the notable Sevillian painter Francisco de Herrera the Elder.[2] Her father, Baltazar Gomes Figueira [pt], was a Portuguese painter from the village of Óbidos. He went to Seville in the 1620s to improve his painting technique and, while there, married Catarina de Ayala y Cabrera, a native Andalusian, who would become the mother of Josefa. By 3 May 1634, the family is recorded living in Figueira's native Óbidos on the occasion of the baptism of their first son, Francisco.[2]

In 1644, Josefa is documented as a boarder at the Augustinian Convent of Santa Ana in Coimbra, while her father was in nearby Santa Cruz, working on an altarpiece for the church of Nossa Senhora da Graça.[2] While in residence at this convent in 1646, Josefa made engravings of St. Catherine and St. Peter, her earliest signed extant works.[2][3] Josefa's first signed painting dates to 1647, a small Mystical Marriage of St. Catherine on copper (Museu Nacional de Arte Antiga, Lisbon), completed for the Augustinian Monastery of Santa Cruz in Coimbra.[2][4] In the same year, she completed other small paintings on copper, including a Nativity Scene with St. Francis and Saint Clare Adoring the Newborn Christ (private collection).[citation needed]

Sometime before 1653, she and her family left Coimbra and settled in Óbidos, where she contributed an allegory of Wisdom to the Novos estatutos da Universidade de Coimbra, the book of rules for the University of Coimbra, whose frontispiece was being decorated by her father.[citation needed]

 
Still Life with Sweets (c. 1679). Santarém, Municipal Library

During the decades that followed, Josefa executed several religious altarpieces for churches and convents in central Portugal, as well as paintings of portraits and still-life for private customers.[citation needed]

Josefa's will is dated 13 June 1684. In this document, the artist is described as having been "emancipated with the consent of her parents" and a "virgin who never married."[2] She died on 22 July 1684 at the age of fifty-four, survived by her mother and two nieces (her father had died on 27 December 1674). She was buried in the Church of Saint Peter of Óbidos.[citation needed]

Works edit

In the course of her career, Josefa de Óbidos received many important public commissions for altarpieces and other paintings to be displayed in churches and monasteries throughout central Portugal. Examples include the six canvases for the Saint Catherine altarpiece for the church of Santa Maria de Óbidos in 1661, six paintings representing Saint Theresa of Ávila (1672–1673) for the Carmelite Convent of Cascais, an Adoration of the Shepherds for the convent of Santa Madalena in Alcobaça (1669), and four paintings for the Casa de Misericórdia of Peniche (1679).[citation needed]

 
Still Life with Flowers and Sweets, 1676. Museu Municipal de Santarém.

Many of her still-life paintings, considered her specialty, are now preserved in the Museu Nacional de Arte Antiga in Lisbon. Among her most famous still lifes are a series of paintings of the months of the year, painted in collaboration with her father and now dispersed among various private collections; each of these paintings consists of a landscape background with a still life in the foreground, composed of the animals, fruits, and vegetables consumed in that month. While these paintings appear to be secular still-life paintings on the surface, they also have religious meaning and may be connected to Franciscan religiosity. An example of one of her religious paintings would be The Pascal Lamb which conveys ideas of piety and sacrifice.[5] Taken as a whole, these paintings represent the passage of time, the inevitability of death, and the possibility of rebirth.[2]

Her best known portrait is that of Faustino das Neves, dated c. 1670, which is in the Municipal Museum of Óbidos.[citation needed]

Historiography edit

Josefa de Óbidos was included in several treatises and collections of biographies of artists written in the seventeenth through nineteenth centuries. Vitor Serrão has noted that in many of these writings, "Josefa de Ayala took on mythic proportions by authors awed by the fact that the artist was a woman."[2] In his 1696 treatise on painting, Félix da Costa Meesen counted Josefa among the most important Portuguese artists, writing that she was "acclaimed far and wide, especially in the neighboring countries..."[6] In 1736, Damião de Froes Perym praised her "talent, beauty, and honesty," as well as her "attractiveness."[2][7] In the nineteenth-century unpublished text Memorias historicas e diferentes apontamentos acerca das antiguidades de Óbidos, by an anonymous author, Josefa is described as being "well known in and outside the kingdom for her paintings, in which she was unique during the time she flourished, as someone who practiced the perfections of art to notable applause and honest praise, living all her life in chaste celibacy."[2] This text also describes how Josefa had a close relationship with the queen of Portugal, D. Maria Francisca of Savoy.[2]

In many of these sources, the authors attributed various paintings, which are now known to be by different authors, to Josefa. Beginning in 1949, art historians began to more critically evaluate her body of work; in an exhibition held in the Museu Nacional de Arte Antiga (Lisbon), curators assembled a list of fifty-three works that could definitively be declared autograph.[8] In 1957, Luis Reis-Santo produced the first monograph on Josefa's work, expanding on her known oeuvre.[9]

Exhibitions edit

  • Exposição das pinturas de Josefa de Óbidos (Ayala), Museu Nacional de Arte Antiga, Lisbon, 1949[8]
  • Josefa de Óbidos e o tempo barroco, Galeria de Pintura do Rei D. Luis, Lisbon, 1991[10]
  • The Sacred and the Profane: Josefa de Óbidos of Portugal, The National Museum of Women in the Arts, Washington, DC, 1997[2]
  • Josefa de Óbidos e a invenção do Barroco Português, Museu Nacional de Arte Antiga, Lisbon, 2015[11]

Notes edit

  1. ^ Brown, Kendall W. "de Ayala, Josefa (1630–1684)". Women in World History: A Biographical Encyclopedia. Gale Research. Retrieved 20 July 2018.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Obidos, Josefa de; National Museum of Women in the Arts (U.S.) (1 January 1997). The sacred and the profane: Josefa de Obidos of Portugal. [Lisboa]; Washington, D.C.: Ministério da Cultura, Gabinete das Relações Internacionais; National Museum of Women in the Arts. ISBN 972758005X. OCLC 37437856.
  3. ^ a b . www.exposicaojosefadeobidos.com. Archived from the original on 14 March 2016. Retrieved 5 March 2016.
  4. ^ Bastos, Isabel da Conceição Ribeiro Soares (2011). Iconografia de Esposas Místicas na pintura portuguesa: Análise de casos (PDF). MA thesis, University of Porto.
  5. ^ Serrão, Vitor (2003), "Ayala [Aiala] (e Cabrera), Josefa de", Oxford Art Online, Oxford University Press, doi:10.1093/gao/9781884446054.article.t005383, ISBN 9781884446054
  6. ^ Costa, Felix da; Kubler, George (1 January 1967). The antiquity of the art of painting. New Haven: Yale University Press. OCLC 307741.
  7. ^ FROES PERYM, Damião de (1 January 1736). Theatro heroino, abecedaria historico, e catalogo das mulheres illustres em armas, letras, accoens heroicas, e artes liberaes. Lisboa Occidental. OCLC 560876733.
  8. ^ a b Obidos, Josefa de; Museu Nacional de Arte Antiga (Portugal); Estremadura (Portugal); Junta de Provincia (1 January 1949). Exposição das pinturas de Josefa de Obidos (in Portuguese). [Portugal]: [publisher not identified]. OCLC 36131090.
  9. ^ Reis-Santos, Luis (1 January 1957). Josefa d'Obidos (in French). [Lissabon]: Artis. OCLC 253087655.
  10. ^ Serrão, Vitor; Galeria de Pintura do Rei D. Luís (1 January 1992). Josefa de Obidos e o tempo barroco (in Portuguese). [S.l.] OCLC 473171002.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  11. ^ Obidos, Josefa de; Henriques, Ana de Castro; Museu Nacional de Arte Antiga (Portugal (1 January 2015). Josefa de Óbidos e a invenção do Barroco português (in Portuguese). Lisbon: Imprensa Nacional-Casa da Moeda. ISBN 9789722723749. OCLC 939390153.

References edit

  • De Óbidos, Josefa; National Museum of Women in the Arts (1997). The Sacred and the Profane: Josefa de Óbidos of Portugal. Ministério da Cultura, Gabinete das Relações Internacionais. ISBN 9789727580057.

External links edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Josefa de Óbidos.
  • Review of Josefa de Óbidos e a invenção do Barroco Português exhibition
  • Review of The Sacred and the Profane: Josefa de Óbidos of Portugal exhibition

December 12, 2023
josefa, Óbidos, portuguese, ʒuˈzɛfɐ, ˈɔβiðuʃ, 1630, july, 1684, spanish, born, portuguese, painter, birth, name, josefa, ayala, figueira, signed, work, josefa, Óbidos, josefa, ayalla, work, executed, portugal, father, native, country, where, lived, from, four,. Josefa de obidos Portuguese ʒuˈzɛfɐ d j ˈɔbiduʃ c 1630 22 July 1684 1 was a Spanish born Portuguese painter Her birth name was Josefa de Ayala Figueira but she signed her work as Josefa em obidos or Josefa de Ayalla All of her work was executed in Portugal her father s native country where she lived from the age of four Approximately 150 works of art have been attributed to Josefa de obidos making her one of the most prolific Baroque artists in Portugal 2 Josefa de obidosNativity of Jesus by Josefa de obidos 1669 National Museum of Ancient Art LisbonBornJosefa de Ayala Figueirac 1630 Seville Crown of CastileDied22 July 1684 1684 07 22 aged 54 obidos Kingdom of Portugal Contents 1 Biography 2 Works 3 Historiography 4 Exhibitions 5 Notes 6 References 7 External linksBiography editJosefa de obidos was baptized in Seville Spain on 20 February 1630 3 her godfather was the notable Sevillian painter Francisco de Herrera the Elder 2 Her father Baltazar Gomes Figueira pt was a Portuguese painter from the village of obidos He went to Seville in the 1620s to improve his painting technique and while there married Catarina de Ayala y Cabrera a native Andalusian who would become the mother of Josefa By 3 May 1634 the family is recorded living in Figueira s native obidos on the occasion of the baptism of their first son Francisco 2 In 1644 Josefa is documented as a boarder at the Augustinian Convent of Santa Ana in Coimbra while her father was in nearby Santa Cruz working on an altarpiece for the church of Nossa Senhora da Graca 2 While in residence at this convent in 1646 Josefa made engravings of St Catherine and St Peter her earliest signed extant works 2 3 Josefa s first signed painting dates to 1647 a small Mystical Marriage of St Catherine on copper Museu Nacional de Arte Antiga Lisbon completed for the Augustinian Monastery of Santa Cruz in Coimbra 2 4 In the same year she completed other small paintings on copper including a Nativity Scene with St Francis and Saint Clare Adoring the Newborn Christ private collection citation needed Sometime before 1653 she and her family left Coimbra and settled in obidos where she contributed an allegory of Wisdom to the Novos estatutos da Universidade de Coimbra the book of rules for the University of Coimbra whose frontispiece was being decorated by her father citation needed nbsp Still Life with Sweets c 1679 Santarem Municipal LibraryDuring the decades that followed Josefa executed several religious altarpieces for churches and convents in central Portugal as well as paintings of portraits and still life for private customers citation needed Josefa s will is dated 13 June 1684 In this document the artist is described as having been emancipated with the consent of her parents and a virgin who never married 2 She died on 22 July 1684 at the age of fifty four survived by her mother and two nieces her father had died on 27 December 1674 She was buried in the Church of Saint Peter of obidos citation needed Works editIn the course of her career Josefa de obidos received many important public commissions for altarpieces and other paintings to be displayed in churches and monasteries throughout central Portugal Examples include the six canvases for the Saint Catherine altarpiece for the church of Santa Maria de obidos in 1661 six paintings representing Saint Theresa of Avila 1672 1673 for the Carmelite Convent of Cascais an Adoration of the Shepherds for the convent of Santa Madalena in Alcobaca 1669 and four paintings for the Casa de Misericordia of Peniche 1679 citation needed nbsp Still Life with Flowers and Sweets 1676 Museu Municipal de Santarem Many of her still life paintings considered her specialty are now preserved in the Museu Nacional de Arte Antiga in Lisbon Among her most famous still lifes are a series of paintings of the months of the year painted in collaboration with her father and now dispersed among various private collections each of these paintings consists of a landscape background with a still life in the foreground composed of the animals fruits and vegetables consumed in that month While these paintings appear to be secular still life paintings on the surface they also have religious meaning and may be connected to Franciscan religiosity An example of one of her religious paintings would be The Pascal Lamb which conveys ideas of piety and sacrifice 5 Taken as a whole these paintings represent the passage of time the inevitability of death and the possibility of rebirth 2 Her best known portrait is that of Faustino das Neves dated c 1670 which is in the Municipal Museum of obidos citation needed Historiography editJosefa de obidos was included in several treatises and collections of biographies of artists written in the seventeenth through nineteenth centuries Vitor Serrao has noted that in many of these writings Josefa de Ayala took on mythic proportions by authors awed by the fact that the artist was a woman 2 In his 1696 treatise on painting Felix da Costa Meesen counted Josefa among the most important Portuguese artists writing that she was acclaimed far and wide especially in the neighboring countries 6 In 1736 Damiao de Froes Perym praised her talent beauty and honesty as well as her attractiveness 2 7 In the nineteenth century unpublished text Memorias historicas e diferentes apontamentos acerca das antiguidades de obidos by an anonymous author Josefa is described as being well known in and outside the kingdom for her paintings in which she was unique during the time she flourished as someone who practiced the perfections of art to notable applause and honest praise living all her life in chaste celibacy 2 This text also describes how Josefa had a close relationship with the queen of Portugal D Maria Francisca of Savoy 2 In many of these sources the authors attributed various paintings which are now known to be by different authors to Josefa Beginning in 1949 art historians began to more critically evaluate her body of work in an exhibition held in the Museu Nacional de Arte Antiga Lisbon curators assembled a list of fifty three works that could definitively be declared autograph 8 In 1957 Luis Reis Santo produced the first monograph on Josefa s work expanding on her known oeuvre 9 Exhibitions editExposicao das pinturas de Josefa de obidos Ayala Museu Nacional de Arte Antiga Lisbon 1949 8 Josefa de obidos e o tempo barroco Galeria de Pintura do Rei D Luis Lisbon 1991 10 The Sacred and the Profane Josefa de obidos of Portugal The National Museum of Women in the Arts Washington DC 1997 2 Josefa de obidos e a invencao do Barroco Portugues Museu Nacional de Arte Antiga Lisbon 2015 11 Notes edit Brown Kendall W de Ayala Josefa 1630 1684 Women in World History A Biographical Encyclopedia Gale Research Retrieved 20 July 2018 a b c d e f g h i j k l m Obidos Josefa de National Museum of Women in the Arts U S 1 January 1997 The sacred and the profane Josefa de Obidos of Portugal Lisboa Washington D C Ministerio da Cultura Gabinete das Relacoes Internacionais National Museum of Women in the Arts ISBN 972758005X OCLC 37437856 a b Exposicao Josefa de obidos www exposicaojosefadeobidos com Archived from the original on 14 March 2016 Retrieved 5 March 2016 Bastos Isabel da Conceicao Ribeiro Soares 2011 Iconografia de Esposas Misticas na pintura portuguesa Analise de casos PDF MA thesis University of Porto Serrao Vitor 2003 Ayala Aiala e Cabrera Josefa de Oxford Art Online Oxford University Press doi 10 1093 gao 9781884446054 article t005383 ISBN 9781884446054 Costa Felix da Kubler George 1 January 1967 The antiquity of the art of painting New Haven Yale University Press OCLC 307741 FROES PERYM Damiao de 1 January 1736 Theatro heroino abecedaria historico e catalogo das mulheres illustres em armas letras accoens heroicas e artes liberaes Lisboa Occidental OCLC 560876733 a b Obidos Josefa de Museu Nacional de Arte Antiga Portugal Estremadura Portugal Junta de Provincia 1 January 1949 Exposicao das pinturas de Josefa de Obidos in Portuguese Portugal publisher not identified OCLC 36131090 Reis Santos Luis 1 January 1957 Josefa d Obidos in French Lissabon Artis OCLC 253087655 Serrao Vitor Galeria de Pintura do Rei D Luis 1 January 1992 Josefa de Obidos e o tempo barroco in Portuguese S l OCLC 473171002 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint location missing publisher link Obidos Josefa de Henriques Ana de Castro Museu Nacional de Arte Antiga Portugal 1 January 2015 Josefa de obidos e a invencao do Barroco portugues in Portuguese Lisbon Imprensa Nacional Casa da Moeda ISBN 9789722723749 OCLC 939390153 References editDe obidos Josefa National Museum of Women in the Arts 1997 The Sacred and the Profane Josefa de obidos of Portugal Ministerio da Cultura Gabinete das Relacoes Internacionais ISBN 9789727580057 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Josefa de obidos Review of Josefa de obidos e a invencao do Barroco Portugues exhibition Review of The Sacred and the Profane Josefa de obidos of Portugal exhibition Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Josefa de obidos amp oldid 1163499313, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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