In this Spanish name, the first or paternal surname is Urrea and the second or maternal family name is Elías González.
José Cosme de Urrea y Elías González (full name) or simply José de Urrea (March 19, 1797 – August 1, 1849) was a Mexican general. He fought under General Antonio López de Santa Anna during the Texas Revolution. Urrea's forces were never defeated in battle during the Texas Revolution. His most notable success was that of the Goliad Campaign, in which James Fannin's 400 soldiers were surrounded and induced to capitulate under terms, but were massacred in Urrea's absence on the orders of Santa Anna.[1] Urrea also fought in the Mexican–American War.
Urrea was born at the Presidio Real de San Augustín de Tucsón (now the U.S. city of Tucson, Arizona), during Spanish regime of the region.[2] Despite being born on the northern frontier of Mexico, his family had deep roots in the state of Durango.
Military career
In 1807 Urrea entered the Spanish army.[3] He was a military cadet in the presidial company of San Rafael Buenavista in 1809 and a lieutenant in 1816, participating in battles in Jalisco and Michoacán. In 1821 he supported the Plan of Iguala of Agustín de Iturbide. He participated in the anti-Iturbide Plan of Casa Mata and the siege of San Juan de Uluá.[4] In 1824 he rose to the rank of captain, but he resigned from the army and entered private life. In 1829 he rejoined the military as a major and helped to liberate the city of Durango, allying himself with Antonio López de Santa Anna.[5] He was promoted to colonel for his actions. In 1835 he reluctantly took part in Santa Anna's attack on the state of Zacatecas (the state had openly rebelled against his rise to power). Santa Anna promoted Urrea to Brigadier General for his role in this.[5]
Texas Revolution
When the Mexican state of Texas also revolted against Santa Anna's Centralist government, Urrea was sent there to help put down the colonists.[5] He easily defeated small groups of Texan forces at the Battle of San Patricio, Battle of Refugio, and Battle of Coleto. The last, also known as the "Goliad Massacre", included the deliberate slaughter of Texans who had surrendered. The execution of prisoners, however, was not Urrea's choice, but an order by General Santa Anna.[6]
Due to Urrea's string of victories, Santa Anna decided to stay in Texas and personally finish off the rebellious Texas government. His motives were personal and political[7] as Urrea was getting all the headlines and would be seen back in Mexico as a more popular figure.
Aftermath
The military defeat of Santa Anna's forces at the Battle of San Jacinto on April 21, 1836 resulted in Santa Anna's capture, and him being forced to order all Mexican forces to withdraw from Texas soil. Urrea was infuriated and, after linking up with Vicente Filisola's forces, he wanted to continue the war against the Texans since the Mexicans still had over 2,500 troops in Texas against less than 900 of Sam Houston's Texans. But both Urrea and Filisola had no choice but to comply with Santa Anna's orders, so by the middle of June, Urrea and all Mexican forces had withdrawn from Texas. The Mexican authorities criticized Filisola for leading the retreat, stripped him of his command, and made Urrea the new commander of the army. Within a few months, Urrea gathered an army of 6,000 troops near Matamoros to finally reconquer Texas. However, the invasion never occurred as he and his troops were redirected to address several federalist rebellions across Mexico.
In 1837, Urrea turned against Santa Anna upon his return to Mexico, and fought against him at the Battle of Mazatlán in 1838. The attempted uprising resulted in his eventual arrest, and he was sent to Perote Prison.[3] He later revived his military career with the invasion of French forces into Mexico, and another failed coup attempt followed.
The Mexican–American War saw Urrea leading a cavalry division against invading American troops.[5] Urrea died August 1, 1849 of cholera shortly after the war ended.[5]
^The Goliad Massacre, Presidio La Bahia 2003-04-16 at the Wayback Machine, Goliad, Texas, Presidio Nuestra Senora De Loreto De La Bahia, Friends of the Fort website, accessed 28 Oct 2006"
^Roell, Craig H. (2013), Matamoros and the Texas Revolution, Denton, TX: Texas State Historical Association, p. 69, ISBN978-0-87611-260-1
^ abOhlendorf, Shelia M. "Urrea, José de". Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association. Retrieved 2007-11-07.
^"TSHA | Urrea, José de". www.tshaonline.org. Retrieved 2021-09-10.
^Long, Jeff (1990), Duel of Eagles: The Mexican and U.S. Fight for the Alamo, New York: William Morrow and Company, Inc., p. 280, ISBN978-0-688-07252-0.
Hoyt, Edwin P., The Alamo-An Illustrated History; Taylor Publishing; ISBN0-87833-288-X
February 08, 2023
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In this Spanish name the first or paternal surname is Urrea and the second or maternal family name is Elias Gonzalez Jose Cosme de Urrea y Elias Gonzalez full name or simply Jose de Urrea March 19 1797 August 1 1849 was a Mexican general He fought under General Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna during the Texas Revolution Urrea s forces were never defeated in battle during the Texas Revolution His most notable success was that of the Goliad Campaign in which James Fannin s 400 soldiers were surrounded and induced to capitulate under terms but were massacred in Urrea s absence on the orders of Santa Anna 1 Urrea also fought in the Mexican American War Jose de UrreaGeneral Jose de UrreaBorn 1797 03 19 March 19 1797Presidio San Agustin del Tucson New Navarre Viceroyalty of New Spain now Tucson Arizona U S DiedAugust 1 1849 1849 08 01 aged 52 Durango MexicoAllegianceNew Spain MexicoService wbr branchSpanish Army Mexican ArmyYears of service1807 1824 Spain 1829 1846 Mexico RankCaptain Spain General Mexico Battles warsTexas Revolution Battle of San Patricio Battle of Agua Dulce Battle of Refugio Battle of ColetoMexican American War Contents 1 Early life 2 Military career 3 Texas Revolution 4 Aftermath 5 See also 6 Notes 7 References 8 External links 9 Further readingEarly life EditUrrea was born at the Presidio Real de San Augustin de Tucson now the U S city of Tucson Arizona during Spanish regime of the region 2 Despite being born on the northern frontier of Mexico his family had deep roots in the state of Durango Military career EditIn 1807 Urrea entered the Spanish army 3 He was a military cadet in the presidial company of San Rafael Buenavista in 1809 and a lieutenant in 1816 participating in battles in Jalisco and Michoacan In 1821 he supported the Plan of Iguala of Agustin de Iturbide He participated in the anti Iturbide Plan of Casa Mata and the siege of San Juan de Ulua 4 In 1824 he rose to the rank of captain but he resigned from the army and entered private life In 1829 he rejoined the military as a major and helped to liberate the city of Durango allying himself with Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna 5 He was promoted to colonel for his actions In 1835 he reluctantly took part in Santa Anna s attack on the state of Zacatecas the state had openly rebelled against his rise to power Santa Anna promoted Urrea to Brigadier General for his role in this 5 Texas Revolution EditWhen the Mexican state of Texas also revolted against Santa Anna s Centralist government Urrea was sent there to help put down the colonists 5 He easily defeated small groups of Texan forces at the Battle of San Patricio Battle of Refugio and Battle of Coleto The last also known as the Goliad Massacre included the deliberate slaughter of Texans who had surrendered The execution of prisoners however was not Urrea s choice but an order by General Santa Anna 6 Due to Urrea s string of victories Santa Anna decided to stay in Texas and personally finish off the rebellious Texas government His motives were personal and political 7 as Urrea was getting all the headlines and would be seen back in Mexico as a more popular figure Aftermath EditThe military defeat of Santa Anna s forces at the Battle of San Jacinto on April 21 1836 resulted in Santa Anna s capture and him being forced to order all Mexican forces to withdraw from Texas soil Urrea was infuriated and after linking up with Vicente Filisola s forces he wanted to continue the war against the Texans since the Mexicans still had over 2 500 troops in Texas against less than 900 of Sam Houston s Texans But both Urrea and Filisola had no choice but to comply with Santa Anna s orders so by the middle of June Urrea and all Mexican forces had withdrawn from Texas The Mexican authorities criticized Filisola for leading the retreat stripped him of his command and made Urrea the new commander of the army Within a few months Urrea gathered an army of 6 000 troops near Matamoros to finally reconquer Texas However the invasion never occurred as he and his troops were redirected to address several federalist rebellions across Mexico In 1837 Urrea turned against Santa Anna upon his return to Mexico and fought against him at the Battle of Mazatlan in 1838 The attempted uprising resulted in his eventual arrest and he was sent to Perote Prison 3 He later revived his military career with the invasion of French forces into Mexico and another failed coup attempt followed The Mexican American War saw Urrea leading a cavalry division against invading American troops 5 Urrea died August 1 1849 of cholera shortly after the war ended 5 See also EditTimeline of the Texas RevolutionNotes Edit The Goliad Massacre Presidio La Bahia Archived 2003 04 16 at the Wayback Machine Goliad Texas Presidio Nuestra Senora De Loreto De La Bahia Friends of the Fort website accessed 28 Oct 2006 Roell Craig H 2013 Matamoros and the Texas Revolution Denton TX Texas State Historical Association p 69 ISBN 978 0 87611 260 1 a b Ohlendorf Shelia M Urrea Jose de Handbook of Texas Online Texas State Historical Association Retrieved 2007 11 07 TSHA Urrea Jose de www tshaonline org Retrieved 2021 09 10 a b c d e Roell 2013 p 70 Long Jeff 1990 Duel of Eagles The Mexican and U S Fight for the Alamo New York William Morrow and Company Inc p 280 ISBN 978 0 688 07252 0 Edmondson 2000 p 287 References EditEdmondson J R 2000 The Alamo Story From History to Current Conflicts Plano TX Republic of Texas Press ISBN 1 55622 678 0 Long Jeff 1990 Duel of Eagles The Mexican and U S Fight for the Alamo New York William Morrow and Company Inc ISBN 978 0 688 07252 0 Roell Craig H 2013 Matamoros and the Texas Revolution Denton TX Texas State Historical Association ISBN 978 0 87611 260 1External links EditJose de Urrea from the Handbook of Texas Online https www youtube com watch v 2DBUFJSaZDYFurther reading EditHoyt Edwin P The Alamo An Illustrated History Taylor Publishing ISBN 0 87833 288 X Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Jose de Urrea amp oldid 1073457193, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
