Juan de Ribera (Seville, Spain, 20 March 1532 – Valencia, 6 January 1611) was an influential figure in 16th and 17th century Spain. Ribera held appointments as Archbishop and Viceroy of Valencia, Latin Patriarchate of Antioch, Commander in Chief, president of the Audiencia, and Chancellor of the University of Valencia. He was beatified in 1796 and canonized by Pope John XXIII in 1960.
Ribera studied at the University of Salamanca. Ordained as priest in 1557, Pope Pius IV appointed him Bishop of Badajoz on 27 May 1562 at the age of 30. There he dedicated himself to teaching the catechism to Roman Catholics and counteracting Protestantism. He was appointed as the Archbishop of Valencia on 3 December 1568. In 1599 he ordained Alfonso Coloma as Bishop of Barcelona. King Philip III of Spain later appointed him Viceroy of Valencia in 1602, and thus he became both the religious and the civil authority. In this role he founded the Museum of the Patriarch, known among Valencians as the College of Saint John, entrusted to the formation of priests according to the spirit and the dispositions of the Council of Trent.
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As archbishop, Ribera dealt with the issue of Valencia's large Morisco population, descendants of Muslims who converted to Christianity at threat of exile. The Moriscos had been kept separate from the main population by a variety of decrees that prohibited them from holding public office, entering the priesthood, or taking certain other positions; as a result, the Moriscos had maintained their own culture rather than assimilated. Some of them did, in fact, still practice forms of crypto-Islam.[1]
Ribera despised the Moriscos as heretics and traitors, a dislike he shared with much of Valencia's Christian populace.[2] With the Duke of Lerma, Ribera helped convince Philip III to at least expel the Moriscos instead. Ribera helped sell the plan by noting that all the property of the Moriscos could be impounded to provide money for the treasury.[2] In 1609, the expulsion of the Moriscos from Spain was decreed. Ribera's original proposal was in fact more extreme: he favored enslaving the entire Morisco population for work in galleys, mines, and abroad. Ribera said that Philip III could do so "without any scruples of conscience," but this proposal was rejected.[2] If the Moriscos were to be expelled, Ribera favored enslaving and Christianizing at least the children of the Moriscos "for the good of their souls" and exiling the parents. This was also rejected, though children under 16 years of age who wished to remain in Spain were allowed, an offer very few took.[3]
Canonizationedit
Efforts to canonize Ribera, who himself had been active in attempting to canonize Ignatius of Loyola, began shortly after his death.[4] Two concerns were raised about his possible sainthood: his failure to hold a provincial council as mandated by the Council of Trent, and his role in the expulsion of the Moriscos. His supporters played up Ribera's adherence to other parts of the Council of Trent, and tried to present the Moriscos as unconvertible ("[His conversion attempts] had no more effect on the Moriscos as if they had been stones").[4] Still, efforts proceeded apace, with various admiring biographies (vidas) of Ribera being published. Ribera was beatified on 18 September 1796.[5] The cause for his canonization was officially opened on 25 November 1925, and the process of evaluating a miracle attributed to Ribera began on 26 August 1934.[5] In 1960, his canonization was completed under the auspices of Pope John XXIII.
Referencesedit
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For the bishop in the Viceroyalty of Peru see Juan de Ribera bishop of Santa Cruz de la Sierra For other people called Saint Juan see Saint Juan disambiguation Juan de Ribera Seville Spain 20 March 1532 Valencia 6 January 1611 was an influential figure in 16th and 17th century Spain Ribera held appointments as Archbishop and Viceroy of Valencia Latin Patriarchate of Antioch Commander in Chief president of the Audiencia and Chancellor of the University of Valencia He was beatified in 1796 and canonized by Pope John XXIII in 1960 SaintJuan de RiberaSaint Juan de Ribera ArchbishopBorn20 March 1532Seville SpainDied6 January 1611 1611 01 06 aged 78 Valencia SpainVenerated inRoman Catholic ChurchBeatified18 September 1796 Saint Peter s Basilica Rome Papal States by Pope Pius VICanonized12 June 1960 Saint Peter s Basilica Vatican City by Pope John XXIIIMajor shrineRoyal College of Corpus Christi Valencia SpainFeast6 JanuaryAttributesEpiscopal attire Contents 1 Biography 1 1 Expulsion of the Moriscos 2 Canonization 3 ReferencesBiography editJuan de Ribera s father was Pedro Afan de Ribera Viceroy of Naples and Duke of Alcala His mother died when he was very young Ribera studied at the University of Salamanca Ordained as priest in 1557 Pope Pius IV appointed him Bishop of Badajoz on 27 May 1562 at the age of 30 There he dedicated himself to teaching the catechism to Roman Catholics and counteracting Protestantism He was appointed as the Archbishop of Valencia on 3 December 1568 In 1599 he ordained Alfonso Coloma as Bishop of Barcelona King Philip III of Spain later appointed him Viceroy of Valencia in 1602 and thus he became both the religious and the civil authority In this role he founded the Museum of the Patriarch known among Valencians as the College of Saint John entrusted to the formation of priests according to the spirit and the dispositions of the Council of Trent This article relies largely or entirely on a single source Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page Please help improve this article by introducing citations to additional sources Find sources Juan de Ribera news newspapers books scholar JSTOR April 2023 Expulsion of the Moriscos edit See also Expulsion of the Moriscos nbsp Juan de Ribera in the expulsion of the Moriscos by Francisco Domingo Marques As archbishop Ribera dealt with the issue of Valencia s large Morisco population descendants of Muslims who converted to Christianity at threat of exile The Moriscos had been kept separate from the main population by a variety of decrees that prohibited them from holding public office entering the priesthood or taking certain other positions as a result the Moriscos had maintained their own culture rather than assimilated Some of them did in fact still practice forms of crypto Islam 1 Ribera despised the Moriscos as heretics and traitors a dislike he shared with much of Valencia s Christian populace 2 With the Duke of Lerma Ribera helped convince Philip III to at least expel the Moriscos instead Ribera helped sell the plan by noting that all the property of the Moriscos could be impounded to provide money for the treasury 2 In 1609 the expulsion of the Moriscos from Spain was decreed Ribera s original proposal was in fact more extreme he favored enslaving the entire Morisco population for work in galleys mines and abroad Ribera said that Philip III could do so without any scruples of conscience but this proposal was rejected 2 If the Moriscos were to be expelled Ribera favored enslaving and Christianizing at least the children of the Moriscos for the good of their souls and exiling the parents This was also rejected though children under 16 years of age who wished to remain in Spain were allowed an offer very few took 3 Canonization editEfforts to canonize Ribera who himself had been active in attempting to canonize Ignatius of Loyola began shortly after his death 4 Two concerns were raised about his possible sainthood his failure to hold a provincial council as mandated by the Council of Trent and his role in the expulsion of the Moriscos His supporters played up Ribera s adherence to other parts of the Council of Trent and tried to present the Moriscos as unconvertible His conversion attempts had no more effect on the Moriscos as if they had been stones 4 Still efforts proceeded apace with various admiring biographies vidas of Ribera being published Ribera was beatified on 18 September 1796 5 The cause for his canonization was officially opened on 25 November 1925 and the process of evaluating a miracle attributed to Ribera began on 26 August 1934 5 In 1960 his canonization was completed under the auspices of Pope John XXIII References edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Juan de Ribera Lynch p 43 a b c Lynch p 44 Lynch p 46 a b Between Christians and Moriscos by Benjamin Ehlers a b Index ac status causarum beatificationis servorum dei et canonizationis beatorum in Latin Typis polyglottis vaticanis January 1953 p 115 Patron Saint s index Lynch John 1969 Spain under the Habsburgs Vol vol 2 Oxford England Alden Mowbray Ltd pp 42 51 Catholic Church titlesPortals nbsp Saints nbsp Biography nbsp Catholicism nbsp Spain Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Juan de Ribera amp oldid 1181111611, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
