John Smibert

John Smibert (rarely spelled Smybert; /ˈsmaɪbət/;^[1] 24 March 1688 – 2 April 1751)^[2] was a Scottish-born painter, regarded as the first academically trained artist to live and work regularly in British America.^[3]

John Smibert
Self-portrait of Smibert, present as part of The Bermuda Group, c. 1729–1731, Yale University Art Gallery
Born	24 March 1688 Edinburgh, Scotland
Died	2 April 1751 (aged 63) Boston, Massachusetts, British America
Nationality	Scottish American
Education	Godfrey Kneller
Known for	Portrait painting
Notable work	The Bermuda Group, c. 1728–1731

Career

Smibert was born in Edinburgh on 24 March 1688, the second youngest of six children of Alison and John Smibert, a litster, or wool dyer.^[4] From 1702–1709, he was apprenticed to a house painter and plasterer in Edinburgh. On moving to London in 1709^[5] he worked as a coach painter and copyist.

1713-1716, he studied under Godfrey Kneller at the Great Queen Street Academy, then returned to Edinburgh, seeking work as portraitist.^[5] Smibert travelled to Italy from 1719 to 1722 to copy old masters, including some in the collection of Cosimo III de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany,^[6] and then settled in London where he worked as a portrait painter from 1722 until 1728.^[5]

Smibert became a member of the Rose and Crown Club and made a sketch for a group portrait of its members, including George Vertue, John Wootton, Thomas Gibson, Bernard Lens III, and others.

Among his London portraits is one of Bishop Berkeley^[7] who, in 1728, enticed Smibert to accompany him to America, with the intention of becoming professor of fine arts in the college which Berkeley was planning to found in Bermuda. The college, however, was never established, and Smibert settled in Boston, where he married in 1730. He lived at the corner of Brattle Street and Queen-Street.^[8][9] He belonged to the Scots Charitable Society of Boston.

 

The Bermuda Group (Dean Berkeley and His Entourage), begun in 1728, finished 1739. Yale University Art Gallery

 

Advertisement for "John Smibert, painter, sells all sorts of colours, dry or ground, with oils and brushes. ... Wholesale or retail at reasonable rates, at his house in Queen-Street, between the Town-House and the orange tree, Boston," 1734

 

Plaque at Granary Burying Ground in Boston commemorating Smibert

In 1728, he began painting Dean George Berkeley and His Entourage, also called The Bermuda Group, which became one of the most influential New England portraits.^[10] It was commissioned by John Wainright, a patron of George Berkeley, and depicts the members of the planned expedition to Bermuda. The painting, now in the Yale University Art Gallery, includes Berkeley at the right, Wainwright seated at left, and Smibert standing at the far left.^[11]

Smibert painted portraits of Jonathan Edwards and Judge Edmund Quincy (in the Museum of Fine Arts in Boston), Mrs Smibert, Peter Faneuil and Governor John Endecott (in the Massachusetts Historical Society), John Lovell (Memorial Hall, Harvard University), and probably one of Sir William Pepperrell; and examples of his works are owned by Harvard and Yale Universities, by Bowdoin College, by the Massachusetts Historical Society, and by the New England Historical and Genealogical Society.

In 1734, Smibert opened a shop where he sold paint, other artist's supplies, and prints. In his studio above the shop, he displayed casts and copies of Old Masters that he had painted in Europe. This collection, which Richard Saunders has termed "America's first art gallery", provided much of the early artistic education for Charles Willson Peale, Gilbert Stuart, and John Trumbull.^[12]

Between 1740 and 1742, he served as architect for the original Faneuil Hall, which he designed in the style of an English country market. The hall burned down in 1761 but was restored, and then in 1806 greatly expanded and modified by Charles Bulfinch.

His son Nathaniel was also a painter. Smibert lies in Tomb 62 in the Granary Burying Ground in Boston.^{[citation needed]}

Selected works

•  
  Portrait of Edward Nightengale, ca.1722-1724
•  
  Benjamin Morland, oil on canvas, 1724. Yale Center for British Art
•  
  Elizabeth Davenport (Mrs. William Dudley, 1729, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston.
•  
  Colonel James Otaway, oil on canvas, 1724. Royal Sussex Regiment Museum
•  
  Portrait of Major General Paul Mascarene, 1729 (LACMA)
•  
  Samuel Sewall, 1729, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston.
•  
  Edward Winslow, c. 1730-1731, Yale University Art Gallery.
•  
  Francis Brinley, c. 1729, Metropolitan Museum of Art.
•  
  Portrait of Edmund Quincy, in the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston.
•  
  1730 portrait of Thomas Hancock in the Museum of Fine Arts in Boston
•  
  Catherine Winthrop Sargent, married 1744 as the second wife of Col. Epes Sargent (soldier), from a portrait by Smybert which is in the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston.
•  
  Malachy Salter, Province House (Nova Scotia)

References

1. Mangold, Max (1990). Duden Aussprachewörterbuch: Wörterbuch der deutschen Standardaussprache (in German) (2nd ed.). Mannheim, Wien, Zürich: Dudenverlag. p. 667. ISBN 3-411-00916-0. OCLC 1244724110 – via the Internet Archive.
2. Saunders 1996, p. 869.
3. O'Donnell 2017, p. 18.
4. Saunders 2004, p. 1001.
5. Richard H. Saunders, John Smibert: Colonial America's first portrait painter, Yale University Press, 1995.
6. Skinner, Basil (1966), Scots in Italy in the 18th Century, National Galleries of Scotland, Edinburgh, p. 30
7. Cust 1897, p. 405
8. Weekly Rehearsal, Oct. 21, 1734; May 26, 1735
9. David Kruh. Always something doing: Boston's infamous Scollay Square, rev. ed. Boston: Northeastern Univ. Press, 1999; p.34.
10. Kloss, William (2008). Masterworks of American Art: Course Guidebook. United States: The Teaching Company. p. 10.
11. Yale University Art Gallery. Retrieved 12 March 2023.
12. John Smibert, Oxford Art Online

  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Smybert, John". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.

Further reading

 

Wikimedia Commons has media related to John Smibert.

Primary sources

• Smibert, John (1969). The Notebook of John Smibert. Boston: Massachusetts Historical Society. OCLC 6380 – via the Internet Archive.
• Vertue, George (1934). "The Note-Books of George Vertue Relating to Artists and Collections in England (III)". The Walpole Society. 22. whole issue. JSTOR i40086509.

General studies

• Foote, Henry Wilder (1950). John Smibert, Painter With a Descriptive Catalogue of Portraits, and Notes on the Work of Nathaniel Smibert. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. OCLC 900850057 – via the Internet Archive.
• Saunders, Richard H. (1995). John Smibert: Colonial America's First Portrait Painter. New Haven, London: Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-04258-2. OCLC 31607421.

Additional notes

• O'Donnell, C. Oliver (2017). "Depicting Berkeleyan Idealism: A Study of Two Portraits by John Smibert". Work and Image. 33 (1): 18–34 – via Academia.edu.
• Deane, Charles; Perkins, Augustus T.; Wendell Holmes, Oliver (1878). "December Meeting, 1878". Proceedings of the Massachusetts Historical Society. 17: 380–475. JSTOR 25079537. See pp. 385–399 for A. T. Perkins' reports, "Portraits by Blackburn" and "Portraits by Smibert"{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link)
• Rather, Susan (2016). The American School: Artists and Status in the Late-Colonial and Early National Era. New Haven, London: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-21461-1 – via the Internet Archive.
• Rebora, Carol; et al. (1995). John Singleton Copley in America (exhibition catalogue). New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, H. N. Abrams. ISBN 0-87099-744-0. OCLC 1244862408 – via the Internet Archive.

Reference works

• Bénézit, Emmanuel (2006) [first published in French in 1911–1923]. Benezit Dictionary of Artists. Vol. 12. Paris: Gründ. pp. 1349. ISBN 2-7000-3082-6 – via the Internet Archive.
• Cust, Lionel Henry (1897). "Smibert, John" . In Lee, Sidney (ed.). Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 52. London: Smith, Elder & Co. p. 405.
• Kalfatovic, Martin R. (1999). "Smibert, John". In Garraty, John Arthur; Carnes, Marc Christopher (eds.). American National Biography. Vol. 20. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 118–120. ISBN 0-19-512799-4. OCLC 1028044182 – via the Internet Archive.
• Saunders, Richard H. (1996). "Smibert, John". In Turner, Jane (ed.). The Dictionary of Art. Vol. 28. New York: Grove's Dictionaries. pp. 869–871. ISBN 1-884446-00-0. OCLC 1033666104 – via the Internet Archive.
• Saunders, Richard H. (2004). "Smibert, John". In Matthew, H. C. G. & Harrison, Brian (eds.). Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 50. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press. p. 1001. ISBN 0-19-861400-4. OCLC 1035757202 – via the Internet Archive.
• Sizer, Theodore (1935). "Smibert, John". In Malone, Dumas (ed.). Dictionary of American Biography. Vol. 17. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. pp. 228–230. OCLC 1042927728 – via the Internet Archive.
• Vollmer, Hans, ed. (1937). "Smibert (Smybert), John". Allgemeines Lexikon der bildenden Künstler (in German). Vol. 31. Leipzig: E. A. Seemann. pp. 158–159.

External links

• Works by John Smibert at Faded Page (Canada)
• John Singleton Copley in America, a full text exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art, which contains material on John Smibert (see index)