A Sicilian–Athenian–Neopatrian carlino of John II.
John was born at Medina del Campo (in the Crown of Castile), the son of King Ferdinand I of Aragon[2] and Eleanor of Alburquerque.[3] In his youth he was one of the infantes (princes) of Aragon who took part in the dissensions of Castile during the minority and reign of John II of Castile. Until middle life he was also lieutenant-general in Aragon for his brother and predecessor Alfonso V, whose reign was mainly spent in Italy.[4] In his old age he was preoccupied by incessant conflicts with his Aragonese and Catalan subjects, with Louis XI of France, and in preparing the way for the marriage of his son Ferdinand with Isabella I of Castile which brought about the union of the crowns of Aragon and Castile and which was to create the Kingdom of Spain. His troubles with his subjects were closely connected with tragic dissensions within his own family.
John was first married to Blanche I of Navarre of the house of Évreux.[4] By right of Blanche he became king of Navarre, and on her death in 1441 he was left in possession of the kingdom for his lifetime. But one son, Charles, given the title "Prince of Viana" as heir of Navarre, had been born of the marriage. John quickly came to regard this son with jealousy. After his second marriage, to Juana Enríquez, it grew into absolute hatred, being encouraged by Juana. John tried to deprive his son of his constitutional right to act as lieutenant-general of Aragon during his father's absence. Charles's cause was taken up by the Aragonese, however, and the king's attempt to make his second wife lieutenant-general was set aside.
There followed the long Navarrese Civil War, with alternations of success and defeat, ending only with the death of the prince of Viana, possibly by poison administered by his father in 1461.[5] The Catalans, who had adopted the cause of Charles and who had grievances of their own, called in a succession of foreign pretenders in the Catalan Civil War. John spent his last years contending with them. He was forced to pawn Roussillon, his possession on the north-east of the Pyrenees, to King Louis XI of France, who refused to part with it.
In his old age John was blinded by cataracts, but recovered his eyesight with an operation (couching) conducted by his physician Abiathar Crescas, a Jew. The Catalan revolt was pacified in 1472, but until his death in 1479 John carried on a war, in which he was generally unfortunate, with his neighbor the French king. He was succeeded by Ferdinand, his son by his second marriage, who was already married to Isabella I of Castile. With his death and son's accession to the throne of Aragon, the unification of Spain under one royal house began in earnest.
Marriages and issueEdit
From his first marriage to Blanche of Navarre, John had the following children:
^de Sousa, Antonio Caetano (1735). Historia genealogica da casa real portugueza [Genealogical History of the Royal House of Portugal] (in Portuguese). Vol. 2. Lisboa Occidental. p. 497.
SourcesEdit
Wikimedia Commons has media related to John II of Aragon.
Earenfight, Theresa (2015). "Trastamara Kings, Queens, and the Gender Dynamics of Monarchy". In Todesca, James (ed.). The Emergence of León-Castile c.1065-1500: Essays Presented to J.F. O'Callaghan. Ashgate. pp. 141–160.
Livermore, H. V. (1966). A New History of Portugal (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press.120
Merriman, Roger Bigelow (1918). The Rise of the Spanish Empire in the Old and in the New. Vol. 2. The Macmillan Company.
Ruiz, Teófilo F. (2007). Spain's centuries of crisis: 1300–1474. Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN978-1-4051-2789-9.
Scofield, Cora Louise (1923). The Life and Reign of Edward the Fourth, King of England and of France, and Ireland. Vol. 1. Longmans, Green, and Co.
Woodacre, Elena (2013). The Queens Regnant of Navarre: Succession, Politics, and Partnership, 1274–1512. Palgrave Macmillan.
Rivadeneyra. "Cronicas de los reyes de Castilla," Biblioteca de autores espanoles, vols. Ixvi, Ixviii. Madrid, 1845.
Prescott W. H. History of the Reign of Ferdinand and Isabella. 1854.
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "John II of Aragon". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 15 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 440.
john, aragon, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, news, newspapers, books, scholar, jstor, april, 2017, . This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources John II of Aragon news newspapers books scholar JSTOR April 2017 Learn how and when to remove this template message John II Spanish Juan II Catalan Joan II Aragonese Chuan II and Basque Joanes II 29 June 1398 20 January 1479 called the Great el Gran or the Faithless el Sense Fe 1 was King of Aragon from 1458 until his death in 1479 As the husband of Queen Blanche I of Navarre he was King of Navarre from 1425 to 1479 John was also King of Sicily from 1458 to 1468 John IIJohn as a Knight of the Golden FleeceMiniature from the southern Netherlands 1473King of Aragon more Reign27 June 1458 20 January 1479PredecessorAlfonso VSuccessorFerdinand IIKing of SicilyReign27 June 1458 1468PredecessorAlfonsoSuccessorFerdinand IIKing of NavarreReign8 September 1425 20 January 1479PredecessorCharles IIISuccessorEleanorCo rulerBlanche I until 1441 ContendersCharles IV 1441 1461 Blanche II 1461 1464 Born29 June 1398Medina del CampoDied20 January 1479 1479 01 20 aged 80 BarcelonaBurialPoblet MonasterySpouseBlanche I of NavarreJuana EnriquezIssueDetailAlfonso Duke of Villahermosa Charles IV King of Navarre Blanche II Queen of Navarre Eleanor Queen of Navarre John Archbishop of Zaragoza Ferdinand II King of Aragon Joanna Queen of NaplesHouseTrastamaraFatherFerdinand I of AragonMotherEleanor of Alburquerque Contents 1 Biography 2 Marriages and issue 3 Ancestors 4 References 5 Sources 6 External linksBiography Edit nbsp A Sicilian Athenian Neopatrian carlino of John II John was born at Medina del Campo in the Crown of Castile the son of King Ferdinand I of Aragon 2 and Eleanor of Alburquerque 3 In his youth he was one of the infantes princes of Aragon who took part in the dissensions of Castile during the minority and reign of John II of Castile Until middle life he was also lieutenant general in Aragon for his brother and predecessor Alfonso V whose reign was mainly spent in Italy 4 In his old age he was preoccupied by incessant conflicts with his Aragonese and Catalan subjects with Louis XI of France and in preparing the way for the marriage of his son Ferdinand with Isabella I of Castile which brought about the union of the crowns of Aragon and Castile and which was to create the Kingdom of Spain His troubles with his subjects were closely connected with tragic dissensions within his own family John was first married to Blanche I of Navarre of the house of Evreux 4 By right of Blanche he became king of Navarre and on her death in 1441 he was left in possession of the kingdom for his lifetime But one son Charles given the title Prince of Viana as heir of Navarre had been born of the marriage John quickly came to regard this son with jealousy After his second marriage to Juana Enriquez it grew into absolute hatred being encouraged by Juana John tried to deprive his son of his constitutional right to act as lieutenant general of Aragon during his father s absence Charles s cause was taken up by the Aragonese however and the king s attempt to make his second wife lieutenant general was set aside There followed the long Navarrese Civil War with alternations of success and defeat ending only with the death of the prince of Viana possibly by poison administered by his father in 1461 5 The Catalans who had adopted the cause of Charles and who had grievances of their own called in a succession of foreign pretenders in the Catalan Civil War John spent his last years contending with them He was forced to pawn Roussillon his possession on the north east of the Pyrenees to King Louis XI of France who refused to part with it In his old age John was blinded by cataracts but recovered his eyesight with an operation couching conducted by his physician Abiathar Crescas a Jew The Catalan revolt was pacified in 1472 but until his death in 1479 John carried on a war in which he was generally unfortunate with his neighbor the French king He was succeeded by Ferdinand his son by his second marriage who was already married to Isabella I of Castile With his death and son s accession to the throne of Aragon the unification of Spain under one royal house began in earnest Marriages and issue EditFrom his first marriage to Blanche of Navarre John had the following children Charles Prince of Viana 1421 1461 4 Juana 1423 22 August 1425 Blanche II of Navarre 1424 1464 Eleanor of Navarre 6 1426 1479 4 nbsp A ducat with John II s effigyFrom his second marriage to Juana Enriquez John had the following children Ferdinand II of Aragon 6 1452 1516 Married Isabella I of Castile Joanna of Aragon 1455 1517 Married Ferdinand I of Naples Illegitimate children Alfonso de Aragon y de Escobar 1417 1495 Duke of Villahermosa Juan de Aragon 1440 1475 Archbishop of Zaragoza Felipe de Carrayos del Radona Phillipe del Radona citation needed Ancestors EditAncestors of John II of Aragon 7 16 Alfonso XI of Castile 12 8 Henry II of Castile17 Leonor de Guzman 13 4 John I of Castile18 Juan Manuel9 Juana Manuel19 Blanca Nunez de Lara2 Ferdinand I of Aragon20 Alfonso IV of Aragon10 Peter IV of Aragon21 Teresa d Entenca5 Eleanor of Aragon22 Peter II of Sicily11 Eleanor of Sicily23 Elisabeth of Carinthia1 John II of Aragon24 Ferdinand IV of Castile12 Alfonso XI of Castile 16 25 Constance of Portugal6 Sancho Alfonso26 Pedro Nunez de Guzman13 Leonor de Guzman 17 27 Beatriz Ponce de Leon3 Eleanor of Alburquerque28 Afonso IV of Portugal14 Peter I of Portugal29 Beatrice of Castile7 Beatrice of Portugal30 Pedro Fernandez de Castro15 Ines de Castro31 Aldonca Lourenco de ValadaresReferences Edit Ruiz 2007 p Woodacre 2013 p 91 Earenfight 2015 p 143 a b c d Scofield 1923 p 235 Livermore 1966 p 120 a b Merriman 1918 p 61 de Sousa Antonio Caetano 1735 Historia genealogica da casa real portugueza Genealogical History of the Royal House of Portugal in Portuguese Vol 2 Lisboa Occidental p 497 Sources Edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to John II of Aragon Earenfight Theresa 2015 Trastamara Kings Queens and the Gender Dynamics of Monarchy In Todesca James ed The Emergence of Leon Castile c 1065 1500 Essays Presented to J F O Callaghan Ashgate pp 141 160 Livermore H V 1966 A New History of Portugal 2nd ed Cambridge University Press 120 Merriman Roger Bigelow 1918 The Rise of the Spanish Empire in the Old and in the New Vol 2 The Macmillan Company Ruiz Teofilo F 2007 Spain s centuries of crisis 1300 1474 Wiley Blackwell ISBN 978 1 4051 2789 9 Scofield Cora Louise 1923 The Life and Reign of Edward the Fourth King of England and of France and Ireland Vol 1 Longmans Green and Co Woodacre Elena 2013 The Queens Regnant of Navarre Succession Politics and Partnership 1274 1512 Palgrave Macmillan Rivadeneyra Cronicas de los reyes de Castilla Biblioteca de autores espanoles vols Ixvi Ixviii Madrid 1845 Zurita G Anales de Aragon Saragossa 1610 title incomplete volume amp issue needed Prescott W H History of the Reign of Ferdinand and Isabella 1854 nbsp This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain Chisholm Hugh ed 1911 John II of Aragon Encyclopaedia Britannica Vol 15 11th ed Cambridge University Press p 440 External links EditJohn II of AragonHouse of TrastamaraBorn 29 June 1397 Died 20 January 1479Regnal titlesPreceded byAlfonso the Magnanimous King of Aragon Valencia Majorca Sicily Sardinia and Corsica Count of Barcelona1458 1479 Succeeded byFerdinand the CatholicCount of Roussillon and Cerdagne1458 1462 Succeeded byLouis the PrudentPreceded byCharles III King of Navarre jure uxoris 1425 1441with Blanche I Succeeded byCharles IVde jureKing of Navarre de factowithholding the crown fromCharles IV and Blanche II1441 1479 Succeeded byEleanorSpanish nobilityVacantTitle last held byMartin of Aragon Duke of Montblanc1415 1458 Succeeded byFerdinand II of AragonPreceded byJames II of Urgell Lord of Balaguer1418 1458Preceded byHugh of Cardona Duke of Gandia1433 1439 Succeeded byCharles of Viana Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title John II of Aragon amp oldid 1179346283, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
