John Beazley
Sir John Davidson Beazley, CH, FBA (/ˈbiːzli/; 13 September 1885 – 6 May 1970) was a British classical archaeologist and art historian, known for his classification of Attic vases by artistic style. He was professor of classical archaeology and art at the University of Oxford from 1925 to 1956.[1]
John Beazley | |
|---|---|
Beazley cataloguing an unidentified vase in 1956 | |
| Born | John Davidson Beazley 13 September 1885 |
| Died | 6 May 1970 (aged 84) |
| Title | Lincoln Professor of Classical Archaeology and Art |
| Board member of | British Academy |
| Spouse | Marie Ezra (m. 1919; died 1967) |
| Awards | Order of the Companions of Honour |
| Academic background | |
| Alma mater | Balliol College, Oxford (BA) |
| Academic work | |
| Discipline | Archaeology and classics |
| Sub-discipline | |
| Institutions | |
| Notable works |
|
Early life edit
Beazley was born in Glasgow, Scotland on 13 September 1885,[2] to Mark John Murray Beazley (died 1940) and Mary Catherine Beazley née Davidson (died 1918).[3] He was educated at King Edward VI School, Southampton and Christ's Hospital, Sussex.[2] He then attended Balliol College, Oxford where he read Literae Humaniores: he received firsts in both Mods and Greats.[2] He graduated with a Bachelor of Arts (BA) degree in 1907.[3] While at Oxford he became a close friend of the poet James Elroy Flecker.[3]
Academic career edit
After graduating, Beazley spent time at the British School at Athens. He then returned to University of Oxford as a student (equivalent to fellow) and tutor in Classics at Christ Church.[3]
During World War I, Beazley served in military intelligence.[3] For most of the war he worked in Room 40 (Cryptanalysis) of the Admiralty's Naval Intelligence Division,[2] where his colleagues included his fellow-archaeologist Winifred Lamb.[4] He held the temporary rank of second lieutenant from March[5] to October 1916[6] when he was on secondment to the British Army.
In 1925, he became Lincoln Professor of Classical Archaeology and Art at the University of Oxford,[3] a position he held until 1956.[1] He specialised in Greek decorated pottery (particularly black-figure and red-figure), and became a world authority on the subject. He adapted the art-historical method initiated by Giovanni Morelli to attribute the specific "hands" (style) of specific workshops and artists, even where no signed piece offered a name, e.g. the Berlin Painter, whose production he first distinguished.[7] He looked at the sweep of classical pottery—major and minor pieces—to construct a history of workshops and artists in ancient Athens. The first English edition of his book, Attic Red-figure Vase-painters, appeared in 1942 (in German as Attische Vasenmaler des rotfigurigen Stils, 1925).
Later life edit
Beazley retired in 1956, but continued to work until his death in Oxford, on 6 May 1970.[2] His personal archive was purchased by the University of Oxford in 1964. It was originally accommodated in the Ashmolean Museum, but in 2007 it moved into the Ioannou Centre for Classical and Byzantine Studies as part of the new Classical Art Research Centre.[8]
Honours edit
Beazley was elected as a Fellow of the British Academy (FBA) in 1927.[2][9] He was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 1943.[10] In 1954, he was elected a Foreign Honorary Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.[11]
Beazley was appointed a Knight Bachelor in 1949, and therefore granted the title sir.[3][12] He was appointed to the Order of the Companions of Honour in the 1959 New Year Honours "for services to scholarship".[13]
Personal life edit
In 1919, Beazley married a widow, Marie Ezra (née Bloomfield), whose first husband had been killed in World War I. She died in 1967.[3]
His stepdaughter, from Marie's previous marriage, Giovanna Marie Therese Babette "Mary" Ezra married Irish poet Louis MacNeice.[14]
There is a notebook in Beazley's hand in Bodleian Archives & Manuscripts, the Bodleian Library, Oxford (MS. Eng. misc. e. 1390), containing his notes on Greek literature and sculpture and on Roman history, but also his illustrations of classical statuary and his sketched caricatures of some contemporaries.
References edit
- ^ a b "Sir John Beazley". University of Oxford. 12 June 2012. Retrieved 14 June 2012.
- ^ a b c d e f Martin Robertson; David Gill (2004). "Beazley, Sir John Davidson (1885–1970)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/30664. Retrieved 15 June 2012. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- ^ a b c d e f g h . Dictionary of Art Historians. Archived from the original on 21 July 2012. Retrieved 14 June 2012.
- ^ Gill, David W.J. (2018). Winifred Lamb : Aegean prehistorian and museum curator. Oxford. pp. 38–45. ISBN 978-1784918798. OCLC 1042418677.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ "No. 29513". The London Gazette (Supplement). 17 March 1916. p. 3025.
- ^ "No. 29774". The London Gazette (Supplement). 3 October 1916. p. 9648.
- ^ James Whitley (4 October 2001). The Archaeology of Ancient Greece. Cambridge University Press. pp. 37–. ISBN 978-0-521-62733-7.
- ^ Classical Art Research Centre, Retrieved 4 December 2013.
- ^ . British Academy Fellows Archive. The British Academy. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 15 June 2012.
- ^ "APS Member History". search.amphilsoc.org. Retrieved 14 April 2023.
- ^ "Book of Members, 1780–2010: Chapter B" (PDF). American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Retrieved 29 May 2011.
- ^ "No. 38553". The London Gazette. 4 March 1949. p. 1125.
- ^ "No. 41589". The London Gazette (Supplement). 30 December 1958. p. 26.
- ^ "Louis MacNeice". Poetry Foundation. Retrieved 14 June 2012.
External links edit
- Classical Art Research Centre; location of the Beazley Archive
- Portraits of Sir John Davidson Beazley (1885-1970) at the National Portrait Gallery, London