fbpx
Wikipedia

Jocelyn Field Thorpe

Sir Jocelyn Field Thorpe FRS[1] (1 December 1872 – 10 June 1940) was a British chemist who made major contributions to organic chemistry, including the Thorpe-Ingold effect and three named reactions.

Jocelyn Field Thorpe
Born(1872-12-01)1 December 1872
Died10 June 1940(1940-06-10) (aged 67)
NationalityEnglish
Alma materHeidelberg University
Known forThorpe reaction
Thorpe–Ingold effect
Guareschi–Thorpe condensation
AwardsLongstaff Prize (1921)
Davy Medal (1922)
Scientific career
FieldsOrganic chemistry
InstitutionsImperial College London
Doctoral advisorKarl von Auwers
Doctoral studentsChristopher Kelk Ingold

Early life and education

Thorpe was born in Clapham, London on 1 December 1872, one of nine children and the sixth son, of Mr. and Mrs. W.G. Thorpe of the Middle Temple. He attended Worthing College, and then from 1888 - 1890 studied engineering at King's College, London. He then moved to the Royal College of Science from 1890 - 1892 to study chemistry. He earned his Ph.D. in organic chemistry under Karl von Auwers at Heidelberg University in 1895.[2] In 1895 he joined Owens College, Manchester (this became part of the University of Manchester in 1904), starting as an assistant to W. H. Perkin Jr., becoming a lecturer in 1896 and senior lecturer in 1908. In that year he was elected FRS and was awarded a Sorby Fellowship by the Royal Society to study in Sheffield.

Career and research

In 1908 he moved to the University of Sheffield to a full-time research appointment, and in 1913 applied for and was awarded the chair of organic chemistry at Imperial College, a post he was to hold until 1939. The previous incumbent was Thomas Edward Thorpe - although the two were not related, his father was a close friend of T. E. Thorpe and it was the latter who persuaded him to switch from engineering to chemistry in his undergraduate career. Although Ingold’s obituary[1] gives a good account of Thorpe’s scientific work it lacks references; Patrick Linstead[3] does give some references and on that account is the better source for Thorpe’s chemical research career.

With William H. Perkin Jr. at Manchester he worked largely on terpenes (the primary constituents of many essential oils), in particular on camphor and its derivatives.[4] At Imperial College from 1913 he set about a much-needed reorganisation of the organic chemistry department. With the outbreak of war in 1914 he threw himself into war work[5] and proved to be a creative administrator within, amongst others, the Chemical Defence[6] and Trench Warfare[5] committees, and from 1916-1922 he served on the Advisory Council to the newly formed and highly influential Department of Scientific and Industrial Research. His chemistry during the war was much concerned with the development of lachrymators and of analgesic agents such as phenacetin and novocaine.[7]

After the war he remained on many committees and was frequently consulted by governmental and industrial bodies. His departmental reorganisations continued, but this postwar period saw much of his best research. With Christopher Kelk Ingold, a demonstrator in the chemistry department from 1920 – 1924, Thorpe worked on ‘valence deflection’ (sometimes called the Thorpe - Ingold effect). This derives from the observation that increasing the size of two of the substituents at a tetrahedrally-bound carbon atom leads to higher intramolecular reaction rates between parts of the other two substituents.[8]

Three organic reactions bear his name. The Thorpe reaction is a chemical reaction described as a self-condensation of aliphatic nitriles catalyzed by base to form enamines.[9] The Thorpe–Ziegler reaction is the intramolecular modification with a dinitrile as a reactant and a cyclic ketone after acid hydrolysis.[10] In the Guareschi-Thorpe condensation cyanoacetamide reacts with a 1,3-diketone to a 2-pyridone.[11][12][9]

Publications

Thorpe wrote many papers, particularly in the Journal of the Chemical Society Transactions; some are cited by Linstead.[3] He also wrote three books, all available in the British Library:

J. C. Cain and J. F. Thorpe, The synthetic dyestuffs and the intermediate products from which they are derived (1905);

C. K. Ingold and J. F. Thorpe, Synthetic colouring matters - vat colours (1923);

J. F. Thorpe and M. Whiteley, A Student’s Manual of Organic Chemical Analyses (1925).

In his later years he was part-editor of several volumes of T. T. Thorpe’s Dictionary of Applied Chemistry.

Honours and Awards

Thorpe became a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1908, was awarded a CBE in 1917, and in the same year became a member of the Officier de la Légion d’honneur. In 1921 he became the Vice-President of the Chemical Society and was awarded its Longstaff medal. in 1917. In 1922 he received the Davy Medal of the Royal Society. He became President of the Chemical Society from 1928 - 1931, and was knighted (KBE) in 1939.[13][2][14]

Personality

Kon[13] remembered Thorpe as being jovial and full of ideas, never happier than when working in the laboratory, which he normally did in his shirtsleeves without any protective clothing (as famous picture shows him smoking a cigar – he was fond of cigarettes and cigars) while peering through a test-tube. Kon,[13] Linstead[3] and Armstrong[2] remark on his kindness and humanity to others. He was a cultured man with a keen interest in English china. He was well supported in his career by his wife, née Lilian Briggs, who he married in 1902.

References

  1. ^ a b Ingold, C. K. (1941). "Jocelyn Field Thorpe, 1872 - 1940". Obituary Notices of Fellows of the Royal Society. 3 (10): 531–44. doi:10.1098/rsbm.1941.0020. S2CID 178487429.
  2. ^ a b c Armstrong, E. F. (1940). "Sir Jocelyn Thorpe, C.B.E., F.R.S". Nature. 145 (3687): 1001. Bibcode:1940Natur.145.1001A. doi:10.1038/1451001a0.
  3. ^ a b c Linstead, R. P. (1941). "The Scientific Work of Sir Jocelyn Field Thorpe". J. Chem. Soc.: 448–464. doi:10.1039/JR9410000444.
  4. ^ Perkin Jr., W. H.; Thorpe, J. F. (1904). "XV.—αα-Dimethylbutane-αβδ-tricarboxylic Acid, γ-Keto-ββ-dimethylpentamethylene-α-carboxylic Acid, and the Synthesis of Inactive α-Campholactone of Inactive α-Campholytic acid and of β-Campholytic Acid (isoLauronolic Acid)". J. Chem. Soc., Trans. 85: 128–148. doi:10.1039/CT9048500128.
  5. ^ a b Gay, H.; Griffith, W. P. (2017). The Department of Chemistry at Imperial College London: a History, 1845 – 2000. World Scientific Publishing. doi:10.1142/p1087. ISBN 978-1-78326-973-0.
  6. ^ "Navy lists:Monthly:1939:March:Standing Committees:Chemical Defence Committee". National Library of Scotland. Retrieved 7 May 2020.
  7. ^ Hurst, W. H.; Thorpe, J. F. (1915). "CIV.—The Formation of Chlorinated Amines by the Reduction of Nitro-compounds". J. Chem. Soc., Trans. 107: 934–941. doi:10.1039/CT9150700934.
  8. ^ Beesley, R. M.; Ingold, C. K.; Thorpe, J. F. (1915). "CXIX.—The Formation and Stability of spiro-Compounds. Part I. spiro-Compounds from cyclo-Hexane". J. Chem. Soc., Trans. 107: 1080–1106. doi:10.1039/CT9150701080.
  9. ^ a b Baron, H.; Remfry, F. G. P.; Thorpe, J. F. (1904). "CLXXV.—The Formation and Reactions of Imino-compounds. Part I. Condensation of Ethyl Cyanoacetate with its Sodium Derivative". J. Chem. Soc., Trans. 85: 1726–1761. doi:10.1039/CT9048501726.
  10. ^ Schaefer, John P.; Bloomfield, Jordan J. (2011). "The Dieckmann Condensation (Including the Thorpe-Ziegler Condensation)". Organic Reactions. pp. 1–203. doi:10.1002/0471264180.or015.01. ISBN 978-0471264187.
  11. ^ Guareschi, I. (1896). "Sintesi di composti piridinici dagli eteri chetonici coll'etre cianacetico in presenza dell'ammoniaca e delle amine" [Synthesis of pyridine compounds from ketone ethers with cyanoacetic ether in the presence of ammonia and amines]. Mem. Reale Accad. Sci. Torino II. 46: 7, 11, 25.
  12. ^ Day, J. N. E.; Thorpe, J. F. (1920). "CLXIII.—The Formation and Reactions of Imino-compounds. Part XX. The Condensation of Aldehydes with Cyanoacetamide". J. Chem. Soc., Trans. 117: 1465–1474. doi:10.1039/CT9201701465.
  13. ^ a b c Kon, G. A. R. (1941). "Sir Jocelyn Field Thorpe, 1872 – 1940". J. Chem. Soc.: 444–7. doi:10.1039/JR9410000444.
  14. ^ Whiteley, M. A.; Kon, G. A. R. (1940). "Jocelyn Field Thorpe". The Analyst. 65 (774): 483–4. Bibcode:1940Ana....65..483W. doi:10.1039/AN9406500483.

jocelyn, field, thorpe, december, 1872, june, 1940, british, chemist, made, major, contributions, organic, chemistry, including, thorpe, ingold, effect, three, named, reactions, born, 1872, december, 1872clapham, londondied10, june, 1940, 1940, aged, cooden, b. Sir Jocelyn Field Thorpe FRS 1 1 December 1872 10 June 1940 was a British chemist who made major contributions to organic chemistry including the Thorpe Ingold effect and three named reactions Jocelyn Field ThorpeBorn 1872 12 01 1 December 1872Clapham LondonDied10 June 1940 1940 06 10 aged 67 Cooden Beach East SussexNationalityEnglishAlma materHeidelberg UniversityKnown forThorpe reactionThorpe Ingold effectGuareschi Thorpe condensationAwardsLongstaff Prize 1921 Davy Medal 1922 Scientific careerFieldsOrganic chemistryInstitutionsImperial College LondonDoctoral advisorKarl von AuwersDoctoral studentsChristopher Kelk Ingold Contents 1 Early life and education 2 Career and research 3 Publications 4 Honours and Awards 5 Personality 6 ReferencesEarly life and education EditThorpe was born in Clapham London on 1 December 1872 one of nine children and the sixth son of Mr and Mrs W G Thorpe of the Middle Temple He attended Worthing College and then from 1888 1890 studied engineering at King s College London He then moved to the Royal College of Science from 1890 1892 to study chemistry He earned his Ph D in organic chemistry under Karl von Auwers at Heidelberg University in 1895 2 In 1895 he joined Owens College Manchester this became part of the University of Manchester in 1904 starting as an assistant to W H Perkin Jr becoming a lecturer in 1896 and senior lecturer in 1908 In that year he was elected FRS and was awarded a Sorby Fellowship by the Royal Society to study in Sheffield Career and research EditIn 1908 he moved to the University of Sheffield to a full time research appointment and in 1913 applied for and was awarded the chair of organic chemistry at Imperial College a post he was to hold until 1939 The previous incumbent was Thomas Edward Thorpe although the two were not related his father was a close friend of T E Thorpe and it was the latter who persuaded him to switch from engineering to chemistry in his undergraduate career Although Ingold s obituary 1 gives a good account of Thorpe s scientific work it lacks references Patrick Linstead 3 does give some references and on that account is the better source for Thorpe s chemical research career With William H Perkin Jr at Manchester he worked largely on terpenes the primary constituents of many essential oils in particular on camphor and its derivatives 4 At Imperial College from 1913 he set about a much needed reorganisation of the organic chemistry department With the outbreak of war in 1914 he threw himself into war work 5 and proved to be a creative administrator within amongst others the Chemical Defence 6 and Trench Warfare 5 committees and from 1916 1922 he served on the Advisory Council to the newly formed and highly influential Department of Scientific and Industrial Research His chemistry during the war was much concerned with the development of lachrymators and of analgesic agents such as phenacetin and novocaine 7 After the war he remained on many committees and was frequently consulted by governmental and industrial bodies His departmental reorganisations continued but this postwar period saw much of his best research With Christopher Kelk Ingold a demonstrator in the chemistry department from 1920 1924 Thorpe worked on valence deflection sometimes called the Thorpe Ingold effect This derives from the observation that increasing the size of two of the substituents at a tetrahedrally bound carbon atom leads to higher intramolecular reaction rates between parts of the other two substituents 8 Three organic reactions bear his name The Thorpe reaction is a chemical reaction described as a self condensation of aliphatic nitriles catalyzed by base to form enamines 9 The Thorpe Ziegler reaction is the intramolecular modification with a dinitrile as a reactant and a cyclic ketone after acid hydrolysis 10 In the Guareschi Thorpe condensation cyanoacetamide reacts with a 1 3 diketone to a 2 pyridone 11 12 9 Publications EditThorpe wrote many papers particularly in the Journal of the Chemical Society Transactions some are cited by Linstead 3 He also wrote three books all available in the British Library J C Cain and J F Thorpe The synthetic dyestuffs and the intermediate products from which they are derived 1905 C K Ingold and J F Thorpe Synthetic colouring matters vat colours 1923 J F Thorpe and M Whiteley A Student s Manual of Organic Chemical Analyses 1925 In his later years he was part editor of several volumes of T T Thorpe s Dictionary of Applied Chemistry Honours and Awards EditThorpe became a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1908 was awarded a CBE in 1917 and in the same year became a member of the Officier de la Legion d honneur In 1921 he became the Vice President of the Chemical Society and was awarded its Longstaff medal in 1917 In 1922 he received the Davy Medal of the Royal Society He became President of the Chemical Society from 1928 1931 and was knighted KBE in 1939 13 2 14 Personality EditKon 13 remembered Thorpe as being jovial and full of ideas never happier than when working in the laboratory which he normally did in his shirtsleeves without any protective clothing as famous picture shows him smoking a cigar he was fond of cigarettes and cigars while peering through a test tube Kon 13 Linstead 3 and Armstrong 2 remark on his kindness and humanity to others He was a cultured man with a keen interest in English china He was well supported in his career by his wife nee Lilian Briggs who he married in 1902 References Edit a b Ingold C K 1941 Jocelyn Field Thorpe 1872 1940 Obituary Notices of Fellows of the Royal Society 3 10 531 44 doi 10 1098 rsbm 1941 0020 S2CID 178487429 a b c Armstrong E F 1940 Sir Jocelyn Thorpe C B E F R S Nature 145 3687 1001 Bibcode 1940Natur 145 1001A doi 10 1038 1451001a0 a b c Linstead R P 1941 The Scientific Work of Sir Jocelyn Field Thorpe J Chem Soc 448 464 doi 10 1039 JR9410000444 Perkin Jr W H Thorpe J F 1904 XV aa Dimethylbutane abd tricarboxylic Acid g Keto bb dimethylpentamethylene a carboxylic Acid and the Synthesis of Inactive a Campholactone of Inactive a Campholytic acid and of b Campholytic Acid isoLauronolic Acid J Chem Soc Trans 85 128 148 doi 10 1039 CT9048500128 a b Gay H Griffith W P 2017 The Department of Chemistry at Imperial College London a History 1845 2000 World Scientific Publishing doi 10 1142 p1087 ISBN 978 1 78326 973 0 Navy lists Monthly 1939 March Standing Committees Chemical Defence Committee National Library of Scotland Retrieved 7 May 2020 Hurst W H Thorpe J F 1915 CIV The Formation of Chlorinated Amines by the Reduction of Nitro compounds J Chem Soc Trans 107 934 941 doi 10 1039 CT9150700934 Beesley R M Ingold C K Thorpe J F 1915 CXIX The Formation and Stability of spiro Compounds Part I spiro Compounds from cyclo Hexane J Chem Soc Trans 107 1080 1106 doi 10 1039 CT9150701080 a b Baron H Remfry F G P Thorpe J F 1904 CLXXV The Formation and Reactions of Imino compounds Part I Condensation of Ethyl Cyanoacetate with its Sodium Derivative J Chem Soc Trans 85 1726 1761 doi 10 1039 CT9048501726 Schaefer John P Bloomfield Jordan J 2011 The Dieckmann Condensation Including the Thorpe Ziegler Condensation Organic Reactions pp 1 203 doi 10 1002 0471264180 or015 01 ISBN 978 0471264187 Guareschi I 1896 Sintesi di composti piridinici dagli eteri chetonici coll etre cianacetico in presenza dell ammoniaca e delle amine Synthesis of pyridine compounds from ketone ethers with cyanoacetic ether in the presence of ammonia and amines Mem Reale Accad Sci Torino II 46 7 11 25 Day J N E Thorpe J F 1920 CLXIII The Formation and Reactions of Imino compounds Part XX The Condensation of Aldehydes with Cyanoacetamide J Chem Soc Trans 117 1465 1474 doi 10 1039 CT9201701465 a b c Kon G A R 1941 Sir Jocelyn Field Thorpe 1872 1940 J Chem Soc 444 7 doi 10 1039 JR9410000444 Whiteley M A Kon G A R 1940 Jocelyn Field Thorpe The Analyst 65 774 483 4 Bibcode 1940Ana 65 483W doi 10 1039 AN9406500483 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Jocelyn Field Thorpe amp oldid 1125729506, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

article

, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.