Joanna of Bourbon (Jeanne de Bourbon; 3 February 1338 – 6 February 1378) was Queen of France by marriage to King Charles V. She acted as his political adviser and was appointed potential regent in case of a minor regency.
From October 1340 through at least 1343, negotiations and treaties were made for Joanna to marry Amadeus VI, Count of Savoy.[2] The goal was to bring Savoy more closely into French influence.[2] Following this, she was betrothed to Humbert, Dauphin of Viennois, which also fell through.[3]
Queen
On 8 April 1350, Joanna married her cousin, the future Charles V of France, at Tain-l'Hermitage.[1] Since they were first cousins once removed, their marriage required a papal dispensation.[1] Born thirteen days apart, they both were 12 years old. When Charles ascended the throne in 1364, Joanna became queen of France.
Queen Joanna and Charles V had somewhat of a strained relationship during his tenure as dauphin because of his infidelity with Biette de Cassinel, but their relationship improved when after he became King, and reportedly, he sometimes confided in her in political and cultural issues and relied on her advice.[4] According to tradition, Joanna was rumored to have taken the poet Hippolyte de Saint-Alphon [fr] for a lover, who was the biological father of her child John, who was born and died in 1366.[4]
Queen Joanna was described as mentally fragile, and after the birth of her son Louis in 1373, she suffered a complete mental breakdown.[5] This deeply worried Charles V, who made a pilgrimage and offered many prayers for her recovery.[5] When she did recover and regained her normal state of mind in 1373, Charles V appointed her legal guardian and regent of France should he die when his son and heir was still a minor.[5]
Death and burial
Joanna died at the royal residence Hôtel Saint-Pol in Paris, on 6 February 1378 three days after her 40th birthday, and two days after the birth of her youngest child, Catherine.[1]Froissart[6] recorded that Joanna took a bath against her physicians' advice. Soon after, she went into labour and died two days after giving birth. The king was devastated. Her heart was buried in the Cordeliers Convent and her entrails in the Couvent des Célestins. The Couvent des Célestins in Paris was the most important royal necropolis after the Basilica of St Denis. The rest of her remains were then placed at Saint-Denis.
Issue
Joanna and Charles had eight[1] or nine[7] children. Two of them reached adulthood:
^News of "l’accouchement madame la duchesse de Normandie" was brought to her husband on 30 September 1357.[8]
^An epitaph at Saint-Antoine-des-Champs records the death at the Abbey on 21 October 1360 of "madame Jehanne aisnée fille de Monsieur Charles, aisné filz du roy de France régent le Royaume..."[9]
^An epitaph at Saint-Antoine-des-Champs records the death "au palais" on 7 November 1360 of "madame Bonne seconde fille de Monsieur Charles, aisné filz du roy de France régent le Royaume...".[10]
^The Chronique des règnes de Jean II et de Charles V records the burial on 12 November 1360 of "les deux filles du duc de Normandie" at "Saint-Anthoine près de Paris".[11]
^The Chronique des règnes de Jean II et de Charles V records that 7 June 1366 "la royne de France...Jehanne fille du duc de Bourbon" gave birth to "une fille au Bois de Vincennes...Jehanne".[12]
^The Chronique des règnes de Jean II et de Charles V records the death on 21 December 1366 of "madame Jehanne fille du...roy de France Charles...en l’ostel de la Conciergerie de l’ostel du Roy...près de Saint-Pol" and her burial "en l’eglise Saint-Denis en France".[13]
^Le Laboureur records that Charles V had "trois fils, dont le dernier nommé Jean estant mort en enfance", adding that "il n’en est fait aucune mention dans les histoires" but without noting his own source on which he bases the information.[7]
^J. A. Buchon, Collection des Chroniques nationales françaises écrites en langue vulgaire du treizième au seizième siècle, Chroniques de Froissart, Tome VII, Verdière, Libraire, Paris, 1824, p. 61
Cox, Eugene L. (1967). The Green Count of Savoy. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. p. 57. LCCN 67-11030.
Delachenal, Roland (1910). Chronique des règnes de Jean II et de Charles V: 1364-1380. Les grandes Chroniques de France (in French). Paris: H. Laurens.
Guicciardini, Francesco (1969). The History of Italy. Translated by Alexander, Sidney. Princeton University Press.
Hand, Joni M. (2013). Women, Manuscripts and Identity in Northern Europe, 1350-1550. Ashgate Publishing.
Keane, Marguerite (2016). Material Culture and Queenship in 14th-century France: The Testament of Blanche of Navarre (1331–1398). Brill.
Le Laboureur, Jean (1663). Histoire De Charles VI. Roy de France (in French). Paris: Billaine.
Petit, Ernest (1905). Histoire des ducs de Bourgogne de la race Capétienne (in French). Paris: Libraire Le Chevalier.
Raunié, Émile (1890). Épitaphier du vieux Paris. Histoire générale de Paris (in French). Paris: Impr. nationale. OCLC 910306761.
Tuchman, Barbara W. (2011). A Distant Mirror: The Calamitous 14th Century. Random House Publishing Group.
joanna, bourbon, jeanne, bourbon, february, 1338, february, 1378, queen, france, marriage, king, charles, acted, political, adviser, appointed, potential, regent, case, minor, regency, joanna, parement, narbonne, 1375queen, consort, francetenure8, april, 1364,. Joanna of Bourbon Jeanne de Bourbon 3 February 1338 6 February 1378 was Queen of France by marriage to King Charles V She acted as his political adviser and was appointed potential regent in case of a minor regency Joanna of BourbonJoanna in the Parement de Narbonne c 1375Queen consort of FranceTenure8 April 1364 6 February 1378Coronation1 June 1364Born3 February 1338Vincennes FranceDied6 February 1378 1378 02 06 aged 40 Paris FranceBurialBasilique Saint DenisSpouseCharles V of France m 1350 wbr IssueCharles VI King of France Louis I Duke of Orleans Catherine Countess of MontpensierHouseBourbonFatherPeter I Duke of BourbonMotherIsabella of Valois Contents 1 Life 1 1 Early life 1 2 Queen 1 3 Death and burial 2 Issue 3 Ancestry 4 Notes 5 References 6 Sources 7 External linksLife EditEarly life Edit Born in the Chateau de Vincennes Joanna was a daughter of Peter I Duke of Bourbon and Isabella of Valois 1 a half sister of Philip VI of France From October 1340 through at least 1343 negotiations and treaties were made for Joanna to marry Amadeus VI Count of Savoy 2 The goal was to bring Savoy more closely into French influence 2 Following this she was betrothed to Humbert Dauphin of Viennois which also fell through 3 Queen Edit On 8 April 1350 Joanna married her cousin the future Charles V of France at Tain l Hermitage 1 Since they were first cousins once removed their marriage required a papal dispensation 1 Born thirteen days apart they both were 12 years old When Charles ascended the throne in 1364 Joanna became queen of France Queen Joanna and Charles V had somewhat of a strained relationship during his tenure as dauphin because of his infidelity with Biette de Cassinel but their relationship improved when after he became King and reportedly he sometimes confided in her in political and cultural issues and relied on her advice 4 According to tradition Joanna was rumored to have taken the poet Hippolyte de Saint Alphon fr for a lover who was the biological father of her child John who was born and died in 1366 4 Queen Joanna was described as mentally fragile and after the birth of her son Louis in 1373 she suffered a complete mental breakdown 5 This deeply worried Charles V who made a pilgrimage and offered many prayers for her recovery 5 When she did recover and regained her normal state of mind in 1373 Charles V appointed her legal guardian and regent of France should he die when his son and heir was still a minor 5 Death and burial Edit Joanna died at the royal residence Hotel Saint Pol in Paris on 6 February 1378 three days after her 40th birthday and two days after the birth of her youngest child Catherine 1 Froissart 6 recorded that Joanna took a bath against her physicians advice Soon after she went into labour and died two days after giving birth The king was devastated Her heart was buried in the Cordeliers Convent and her entrails in the Couvent des Celestins The Couvent des Celestins in Paris was the most important royal necropolis after the Basilica of St Denis The rest of her remains were then placed at Saint Denis Issue EditJoanna and Charles had eight 1 or nine 7 children Two of them reached adulthood Joanna end September 1357 a 21 October 1360 Saint Antoine des Champs Abbey Paris b interred at Saint Antoine des Champs Abbey Bonne 1358 7 November 1360 Palais Royal Paris c interred beside her older sister d Joanna Chateau de Vincennes 6 June 1366 e 21 December 1366 Hotel de Saint Pol Paris f interred at Saint Denis Basilica Charles VI 3 December 1368 22 October 1422 King of France 14 Marie Paris 27 February 1370 June 1377 Paris Louis 13 March 1372 23 November 1407 Duke of Orleans 14 Isabella Paris 24 July 1373 23 February 1378 Paris John 1374 76 died young g Catherine Paris 4 February 1378 November 1388 buried at Abbaye De Maubuisson France m John of Berry Count of Montpensier son of John Duke of Berry 15 Ancestry EditAncestors of Joanna of Bourbon16 Louis IX of France8 Robert Count of Clermont17 Margaret of Provence4 Louis I Duke of Bourbon18 John of Burgundy9 Beatrice Lady of Bourbon19 Agnes Lady of Bourbon2 Peter I Duke of Bourbon20 John I Count of Hainaut10 John II Count of Holland21 Adelaide of Holland5 Mary of Avesnes22 Henry V Count of Luxembourg11 Philippa of Luxembourg23 Margaret of Bar1 Joanna of Bourbon24 Louis IX of France 16 12 Philip III of France25 Margaret of Provence 17 6 Charles Count of Valois26 James I of Aragon13 Isabella of Aragon27 Violant of Hungary3 Isabella of Valois28 Guy III Count of Saint Pol14 Guy IV Count of Saint Pol29 Matilda of Brabant7 Mahaut of Chatillon30 John II Duke of Brittany15 Marie of Brittany31 Beatrice of EnglandNotes Edit News of l accouchement madame la duchesse de Normandie was brought to her husband on 30 September 1357 8 An epitaph at Saint Antoine des Champs records the death at the Abbey on 21 October 1360 of madame Jehanne aisnee fille de Monsieur Charles aisne filz du roy de France regent le Royaume 9 An epitaph at Saint Antoine des Champs records the death au palais on 7 November 1360 of madame Bonne seconde fille de Monsieur Charles aisne filz du roy de France regent le Royaume 10 The Chronique des regnes de Jean II et de Charles V records the burial on 12 November 1360 of les deux filles du duc de Normandie at Saint Anthoine pres de Paris 11 The Chronique des regnes de Jean II et de Charles V records that 7 June 1366 la royne de France Jehanne fille du duc de Bourbon gave birth to une fille au Bois de Vincennes Jehanne 12 The Chronique des regnes de Jean II et de Charles V records the death on 21 December 1366 of madame Jehanne fille du roy de France Charles en l ostel de la Conciergerie de l ostel du Roy pres de Saint Pol and her burial en l eglise Saint Denis en France 13 Le Laboureur records that Charles V had trois fils dont le dernier nomme Jean estant mort en enfance adding that il n en est fait aucune mention dans les histoires but without noting his own source on which he bases the information 7 References Edit a b c d e Hand 2013 p 16 a b Cox 1967 p 57 Hand 2013 p 46 a b Tuchman Barbara W En Fjarran Spegel Det stormiga 1300 talet Atlantis Stockholm 1994 ISBN 91 7486 260 X sid 304 a b c Tuchman 2011 p 297 J A Buchon Collection des Chroniques nationales francaises ecrites en langue vulgaire du treizieme au seizieme siecle Chroniques de Froissart Tome VII Verdiere Libraire Paris 1824 p 61 a b Le Laboureur 1663 p 4 Petit 1905 p 88 vol IX footnote 2 Raunie 1890 p 133 vol I 210 Raunie 1890 p 134 vol I 211 Delachenal 1910 p 330 vol I Delachenal 1910 p 20 vol II Delachenal 1910 p 25 vol II a b Keane 2016 p 17 Guicciardini 1969 p 136 Sources EditCox Eugene L 1967 The Green Count of Savoy Princeton New Jersey Princeton University Press p 57 LCCN 67 11030 Delachenal Roland 1910 Chronique des regnes de Jean II et de Charles V 1364 1380 Les grandes Chroniques de France in French Paris H Laurens Guicciardini Francesco 1969 The History of Italy Translated by Alexander Sidney Princeton University Press Hand Joni M 2013 Women Manuscripts and Identity in Northern Europe 1350 1550 Ashgate Publishing Keane Marguerite 2016 Material Culture and Queenship in 14th century France The Testament of Blanche of Navarre 1331 1398 Brill Le Laboureur Jean 1663 Histoire De Charles VI Roy de France in French Paris Billaine Petit Ernest 1905 Histoire des ducs de Bourgogne de la race Capetienne in French Paris Libraire Le Chevalier Raunie Emile 1890 Epitaphier du vieux Paris Histoire generale de Paris in French Paris Impr nationale OCLC 910306761 Tuchman Barbara W 2011 A Distant Mirror The Calamitous 14th Century Random House Publishing Group External links Edit Biography portal Media related to Joanna of Bourbon at Wikimedia Commons Joanna of BourbonHouse of BourbonCadet branch of the Capetian dynastyBorn 3 February 1338 Died 6 February 1378French royaltyVacantTitle last held byJoanna I of Auvergne Queen consort of France1364 1378 VacantTitle next held byIsabeau of Bavaria 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