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G1 Beijing–Harbin Expressway

The Beijing–Harbin Expressway (simplified Chinese: 北京-哈尔滨高速公路; traditional Chinese: 北京-哈爾濱高速公路), designated as G1 and commonly abbreviated as Jingha Expressway (京哈高速) is an expressway linking the cities of Beijing and Harbin, Heilongjiang.

Beijing–Harbin Expressway
北京-哈尔滨高速公路
Jingha Expressway
京哈高速
Route information
Part of AH1 AH31
Length1,200 km[1] (750 mi)
Existed28 September 2001–present
Major junctions
South endShuanglong Road and 4th Ring Road, Chaoyang, BJ
Major intersections
North end G102 in Harbin, HL
Location
CountryChina
Highway system
  G0111
Jingha Expressway in July 2004

The Beijing–Harbin Expressway is commonly referred to as the Jingha Expressway. This name is derived from the two one-character Chinese abbreviations of the two cities at which the expressway terminates, Jing for Beijing and Ha for Harbin.

Route edit

The Beijing–Harbin Expressway runs from Beijing, the national capital, to Harbin, the capital of Heilongjiang Province. It passes through the following major cities:[2]

History edit

The first section of the Beijing–Harbin Expressway, opened in the 1990s was the short-lived Jingqin Expressway, running between the outskirts of Beijing and Qinhuangdao.[citation needed]

In 1990s the expressway was extended northeast from Qinhuangdao to Shenyang and westward to the 4th Ring Road in Beijing to become the Jingshen Expressway. The 658 km expressway from central Beijing to Shenyang was completed in time for the 50th anniversary of the People's Republic of China. It opened to the general motoring public on September 15, 1999, after four years of work on different sections.[citation needed]

The expressway was extended to Harbin during the rapid expansion of the Chinese expressway system in the 2000s. The completed expressway was opened on September 28, 2001. It is now one of the seven radial expressways emanating from Beijing.

Improvements were made to the expressway in 2003 and 2004 by removing several toll stations in 2003 and repairing the previously uneven road surface between the 6th Ring Road and Xijizhen in Beijing in 2004.[citation needed]

On October 8, 2004, 36 vehicles were involved a horrendous series of car crashes on the expressway. The crashes occurred in the westbound lanes near the interchange with the Jinji Expressway, in the Tianjin municipality. Traffic was delayed up for over one and a half hours.[citation needed]

Toll network edit

When the expressway opened in September 1999, there was a large amount of complaints about the number of toll booths. In some cases, a toll booth appeared every 15 kilometres.

The Jingshen expressway was constructed by several different organisations, and as a result, each organization set up their own toll gate. This made the route slow to travel on, as traffic piled up in front of toll gates.

The PRC Ministry of Communications declared that, effective September 1, 2003, the Baodi toll gate in Tianjin and the Yutian toll gate in Hebei would be demolished, in order to create a networked toll system. Additionally, two expressway toll gates near Shanhaiguan would be merged as one. These plans also suggested that the toll gate at Bailu, Beijing, just east of the Eastern 5th Ring Road, would be demolished as well, as soon as Beijing finished joining the networked toll system. The toll gate at Xianghe in Hebei, however, would be kept.

Thus, for the section from Xianghe in western Hebei through to Shanhaiguan in eastern Hebei (and even through the Tianjin portion), this networked toll system applies—one of the first of its kind. This does away with the previous system, where toll booths appeared every time the jurisdiction changed. For some odd reason, Beijing and Liaoning are still not part of the networked toll system.

China plans to expand the networked toll system nationwide, starting with the Jingshen expressway as a testing ground. The changes have been accepted positively. Average speed on the expressway has gone up, and the Road Traffic Safety Law of the People's Republic of China raised maximum speed limits on expressways nationwide from 110 km/h to 120 km/h. These improvements have made traffic jams far less frequent.

Detailed itinerary edit

 
The Xianghe Toll Gate (Jingshen Expressway Hebei segment)
 
Jingshen Expressway (Beijing segment)
 
Jingshen Expressway (Tianjin segment)

The following is a list of interchanges As of 2005 along the expressway from Beijing to Shenyang.

  From Beijing  
Continues as:
Shuanglong Road
0  
 
East 4th Ring Road
0c   Louzizhuang
3   Gaobeidian Road
4   Side Road
5 A-B     East S50 5th Ring Road
6   Dougezhuang
  Beijing Bailu Toll Station
  Beijing Metropolitan Area  
12     Tongma Highway
  X014 Road
  Tianjiafu Service Area
     G45-East G4501 6th Ring Road
    G103 Road
  S301 Road
    X002 Road
    S207 Road
    G95 Capital Ring Expressway
  Beijing City  
  Hebei Province  
    S271 Road
  Hebei Xianghe Toll Station
    S274 Road
  Hebei Province  
  Tianjin City  
    S210 Road
80     S101 Road
    S1 Jinji Expressway
    S21 Tangcheng Expressway
    X574 Road
  Xinanzhen Service Area
  Tianjin City  
  Hebei Province  
    S208 Road
  Yutian Service Area
    S027 Road
    G25 Changshen Expressway
149     G112 Road
Tangshan-Fengrun
        Tangjin Expressway
    S23 Expressway
    S262 Road
  Luanxian Service Area
 
 
 
  Qian'an Expressway
    S252 Road
  Lulong Service Area
    S026 Road
    S261 Road
    S025 Jingshen Expressway
  Beidaihe Service Area
    S012 Yanhai Expressway (To be renamed   G0111 Qinbin Expressway)
  S52 Chengqi ExprGessway
    G0121 Jingqin Expressway
    G102 Road
Qinhuangdao
    S251 Road
Qinhuangdao
    S024 Road
Qinhuangdao
  Shanhaiguan Toll Station
  Shanhaiguan Service Area
    G102 Road
  S364 Road
  Hebei Province  
  Liaoning Province  
    G102 Road
  Wanjia Toll Station
    G102 Road
Qianwei
  Suizhong Service Area
    G306 Road
  S213 Road
Suizhong
    G102 Road
Shahouzuo
  Xingcheng Service Area
    G102 Road
Xingcheng
    S26 Xinjian Expressway
  Huludao Metropolitan Area  
  Haichen Road
Towards   G102 Road
  Daodong Road
  Tashan Service Area
442     S306 Road
  Huludao Metropolitan Area  
  Jinzhou Economic and Technical Development Zone  
    S204 Road
  S308 Road
  Jinzhou Economic and Technical Development Zone  
    G16 Danxi Expressway
  Concurrent with   G16 Danxi Expressway  
    S209 Road
  Linghai Service Area
    G2512 Fujin Expressway
481     X711 Road
    S308 Road
  Concurrent with   G16 Danxi Expressway  
    G16 Danxi Expressway

  S21 Fuying Expressway

  Panjin Service Area
    G305 Road
Panjin
    S210 Road
Gaosheng
    S307 Road
    G91 Liaozhong Ring Expressway
  Liaozhong Service Area
    S106 Road
  S107 Road
Liaozhong
    S304 Road
Ciyutuo
    S20 Dengliao Expressway
  Shenyang Metropolitan Area  
639   Gaohua
  Gaohua Service Area
  Shenyang Toll Station
(0)     AH1  G1113 Dafu Expressway
  AH31  G1501 Shenyang Ring Expressway
  G102 Road
  G202 Road
  S109 Road
  Shenyang Metropolitan Area  
  Concurrent with   G1501 Shenyang Ring Expressway 
Concurrent with   G1113 Danfu Expressway
(5)     G304 Road
  Concurrent with   G1113 Danfu Expressway  
(11)     G1113 Danfu Expressway
  Xijiang Street
  Shenyang Metropolitan Area  
    G101 Road
  Yixueyuan Station
  Lingyuan Street
    G203 Road
  Concurrent with   G1501 Shenyang Ring Expressway 
    G1501 Shenyang Ring Expressway
Shenyan Road
  Shenyang Metropolitan Area  
  Puhe Road
Towards Huishan
Qipanshan Forest Park
    G102 Road
  S107 Road
 
Guaipo Scenery Zone
    G102 Road
  S331 Road
    G91 Liaozhong Ring Expressway
  Yinzhou Metropolitan Area  
    G102 Road
  Tieling Service Area
    G102 Road
  Yinzhou Metropolitan Area  
  Kaiyuan Service Area
    S303 Road
Kaiyuan
    S14 Liaokai Expressway
    G102 Road
Changtu
    G102 Road
Shuangmiaozi
    S17 Pingkang Expressway
  Maojiadian Toll Station
  Liaoning Province  
  Jilin Province  
  Siping Metropolitan Area  
  Siping Toll Station
  Kaifaqu Road
North to Siping-Centre
South to   G303 Road
  Siping Metropolitan Area  
  Kaoshantun Service Area
    X152 Road
Guojiadian
  Gongzhuling Service Area
    G102 Road
  Taojiantun Service Area
    X063 Road
Fanjiatun
  Changchun Metropolitan Area  
949     G2501 Changchun Ring Expressway
  Concurrent with   G2501 Changchun Ring Expressway  
  Changchun Service Area
962     S1 Changchang Expressway
Yatai Street
Changchun-Centre
969     S102 Road
  Jinxin Street Station
977 A-B     AH32  G12 Hunwu Expressway
Orient Square

Changchun-Centre

  Concurrent with   AH32  G12 Hunwu Expressway  
983     S101 Road
Dongrong Road
Changchun-Centre
Xinglongshan
993   North Yuanda Street
Towards   G102 Road
Changchun-Centre
  Concurrent with   G2501 Changchun Ring Expressway  
Concurrent with   AH32  G12 Hunwu Expressway
995     G2501 Changchun Ring Expressway
  AH32  G12 Hunwu Expressway
  Mishazi Service Area
  Mishazi
  Changchun Metropolitan Area  
  Deha Road
Dehui
    X025 Road
Caiyuanzi
    X144 Road
Yutao Road
Taolaizhao
Towards Yushi
    S301 Road
Fuyu
  Jilin Province  
  Heilongjiang Province  
    G102 Road
Lanling
    G102 Road
Shuangcheng
  Yunlianghe Service Area
  Harbin Metropolitan Area  
    AH6  G10 Suiman Expressway
  G1001 Harbin Ring Expressway
  Harbin Wapenyao Toll Station
 
 
  G102 Road
    Tongjiang Road Station
Continues as:
  G102 Road
  Towards Beijing  

References edit

KML is from Wikidata
  1. ^ 中国高速公路7918网总规划. china-highway.com (in Chinese (China)).
  2. ^ . china-highway.com (in Chinese (China)). Archived from the original on 2012-03-21. Retrieved 2011-08-01.

beijing, harbin, expressway, this, article, multiple, issues, please, help, improve, discuss, these, issues, talk, page, learn, when, remove, these, template, messages, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, art. This article has multiple issues Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page Learn how and when to remove these template messages This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources G1 Beijing Harbin Expressway news newspapers books scholar JSTOR February 2012 Learn how and when to remove this template message This article is written like a story Please help rewrite this article to introduce an encyclopedic style and a neutral point of view February 2012 This article s factual accuracy may be compromised due to out of date information Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information February 2012 Learn how and when to remove this template message The Beijing Harbin Expressway simplified Chinese 北京 哈尔滨高速公路 traditional Chinese 北京 哈爾濱高速公路 designated as G1 and commonly abbreviated as Jingha Expressway 京哈高速 is an expressway linking the cities of Beijing and Harbin Heilongjiang Beijing Harbin Expressway北京 哈尔滨高速公路Jingha Expressway京哈高速Route informationPart of AH1 AH31Length1 200 km 1 750 mi Existed28 September 2001 presentMajor junctionsSouth endShuanglong Road and 4th Ring Road Chaoyang BJMajor intersectionsG45 G4501 in Changping BJ G25 in Tangshan HE G16 W in Jinzhou LN G2512 in Jinzhou LN G16 E in Panjin LN G91 in Shenyang LN G1113 G1501 S S in Shenyang LN G1113 N in Shenyang LN G1501 N in Shenyang LN G91 in Tieling LN G25 S in Tieling LN G25 G2501 N S in Changchun JL G12 E in Changchun JL G12 G2501 W N in Changchun JL G10 G1001 in Harbin HLNorth endG102 in Harbin HLLocationCountryChinaHighway systemNational Trunk Highway System Primary Auxiliary National Highways Transport in China G0111 Jingha Expressway in July 2004 The Beijing Harbin Expressway is commonly referred to as the Jingha Expressway This name is derived from the two one character Chinese abbreviations of the two cities at which the expressway terminates Jing for Beijing and Ha for Harbin Contents 1 Route 2 History 3 Toll network 4 Detailed itinerary 5 ReferencesRoute editThe Beijing Harbin Expressway runs from Beijing the national capital to Harbin the capital of Heilongjiang Province It passes through the following major cities 2 Beijing Langfang Hebei Tianjin Tangshan Hebei Qinhuangdao Hebei Huludao Liaoning Jinzhou Liaoning Shenyang Liaoning Siping Jilin Changchun Jilin Harbin HeilongjiangHistory editThe first section of the Beijing Harbin Expressway opened in the 1990s was the short lived Jingqin Expressway running between the outskirts of Beijing and Qinhuangdao citation needed In 1990s the expressway was extended northeast from Qinhuangdao to Shenyang and westward to the 4th Ring Road in Beijing to become the Jingshen Expressway The 658 km expressway from central Beijing to Shenyang was completed in time for the 50th anniversary of the People s Republic of China It opened to the general motoring public on September 15 1999 after four years of work on different sections citation needed The expressway was extended to Harbin during the rapid expansion of the Chinese expressway system in the 2000s The completed expressway was opened on September 28 2001 It is now one of the seven radial expressways emanating from Beijing Improvements were made to the expressway in 2003 and 2004 by removing several toll stations in 2003 and repairing the previously uneven road surface between the 6th Ring Road and Xijizhen in Beijing in 2004 citation needed On October 8 2004 36 vehicles were involved a horrendous series of car crashes on the expressway The crashes occurred in the westbound lanes near the interchange with the Jinji Expressway in the Tianjin municipality Traffic was delayed up for over one and a half hours citation needed Toll network editWhen the expressway opened in September 1999 there was a large amount of complaints about the number of toll booths In some cases a toll booth appeared every 15 kilometres The Jingshen expressway was constructed by several different organisations and as a result each organization set up their own toll gate This made the route slow to travel on as traffic piled up in front of toll gates The PRC Ministry of Communications declared that effective September 1 2003 the Baodi toll gate in Tianjin and the Yutian toll gate in Hebei would be demolished in order to create a networked toll system Additionally two expressway toll gates near Shanhaiguan would be merged as one These plans also suggested that the toll gate at Bailu Beijing just east of the Eastern 5th Ring Road would be demolished as well as soon as Beijing finished joining the networked toll system The toll gate at Xianghe in Hebei however would be kept Thus for the section from Xianghe in western Hebei through to Shanhaiguan in eastern Hebei and even through the Tianjin portion this networked toll system applies one of the first of its kind This does away with the previous system where toll booths appeared every time the jurisdiction changed For some odd reason Beijing and Liaoning are still not part of the networked toll system China plans to expand the networked toll system nationwide starting with the Jingshen expressway as a testing ground The changes have been accepted positively Average speed on the expressway has gone up and the Road Traffic Safety Law of the People s Republic of China raised maximum speed limits on expressways nationwide from 110 km h to 120 km h These improvements have made traffic jams far less frequent Detailed itinerary editThis article contains a bulleted list or table of intersections which should be presented in a properly formatted junction table Please consult this guideline for information on how to create one Please improve this article if you can November 2021 nbsp The Xianghe Toll Gate Jingshen Expressway Hebei segment nbsp Jingshen Expressway Beijing segment nbsp Jingshen Expressway Tianjin segment The following is a list of interchanges As of 2005 update along the expressway from Beijing to Shenyang nbsp From Beijing nbsp Continues as Shuanglong Road 0 nbsp nbsp East 4th Ring Road 0c nbsp Louzizhuang nbsp Happy Valley Scenic Area Station nbsp Happy Valley Beijing 3 nbsp Gaobeidian Road 4 nbsp Side Road 5 A B nbsp nbsp East S50 5th Ring Road 6 nbsp Dougezhuang nbsp Beijing Bailu Toll Station nbsp Beijing Metropolitan Area nbsp 12 nbsp nbsp Tongma Highway nbsp X014 Road nbsp Tianjiafu Service Area nbsp nbsp nbsp G45 East G4501 6th Ring Road nbsp nbsp G103 Road nbsp S301 Road nbsp nbsp X002 Road nbsp nbsp S207 Road nbsp nbsp G95 Capital Ring Expressway nbsp Beijing City nbsp nbsp Hebei Province nbsp nbsp nbsp S271 Road nbsp Hebei Xianghe Toll Station nbsp nbsp S274 Road nbsp Hebei Province nbsp nbsp Tianjin City nbsp nbsp nbsp S210 Road 80 nbsp nbsp S101 Road nbsp nbsp S1 Jinji Expressway nbsp nbsp S21 Tangcheng Expressway nbsp nbsp X574 Road nbsp Xinanzhen Service Area nbsp Tianjin City nbsp nbsp Hebei Province nbsp nbsp nbsp S208 Road nbsp Yutian Service Area nbsp nbsp S027 Road nbsp nbsp G25 Changshen Expressway 149 nbsp nbsp G112 RoadTangshan Fengrun nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp Tangjin Expressway nbsp nbsp S23 Expressway nbsp nbsp S262 Road nbsp Luanxian Service Area nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp Qian an Expressway nbsp nbsp S252 Road nbsp Lulong Service Area nbsp nbsp S026 Road nbsp nbsp S261 Road nbsp nbsp S025 Jingshen Expressway nbsp Beidaihe Service Area nbsp nbsp S012 Yanhai Expressway To be renamed nbsp G0111 Qinbin Expressway nbsp S52 Chengqi ExprGessway nbsp nbsp G0121 Jingqin Expressway nbsp nbsp G102 RoadQinhuangdao nbsp nbsp S251 RoadQinhuangdao nbsp nbsp S024 RoadQinhuangdao nbsp Shanhaiguan Toll Station nbsp Shanhaiguan Service Area nbsp nbsp G102 Road nbsp S364 Road nbsp Hebei Province nbsp nbsp Liaoning Province nbsp nbsp nbsp G102 Road nbsp Wanjia Toll Station nbsp nbsp G102 RoadQianwei nbsp Suizhong Service Area nbsp nbsp G306 Road nbsp S213 RoadSuizhong nbsp nbsp G102 RoadShahouzuo nbsp Xingcheng Service Area nbsp nbsp G102 RoadXingcheng nbsp nbsp S26 Xinjian Expressway nbsp Huludao Metropolitan Area nbsp nbsp Haichen RoadTowards nbsp G102 Road nbsp Daodong Road nbsp Tashan Service Area 442 nbsp nbsp S306 Road nbsp Huludao Metropolitan Area nbsp nbsp Jinzhou Economic and Technical Development Zone nbsp nbsp nbsp S204 Road nbsp S308 Road nbsp Jinzhou Economic and Technical Development Zone nbsp nbsp nbsp G16 Danxi Expressway nbsp Concurrent with nbsp G16 Danxi Expressway nbsp nbsp nbsp S209 Road nbsp Linghai Service Area nbsp nbsp G2512 Fujin Expressway 481 nbsp nbsp X711 Road nbsp nbsp S308 Road nbsp Concurrent with nbsp G16 Danxi Expressway nbsp nbsp nbsp G16 Danxi Expressway nbsp S21 Fuying Expressway nbsp Panjin Service Area nbsp nbsp G305 RoadPanjin nbsp nbsp S210 RoadGaosheng nbsp nbsp S307 Road nbsp nbsp G91 Liaozhong Ring Expressway nbsp Liaozhong Service Area nbsp nbsp S106 Road nbsp S107 RoadLiaozhong nbsp nbsp S304 RoadCiyutuo nbsp nbsp S20 Dengliao Expressway nbsp Shenyang Metropolitan Area nbsp 639 nbsp Gaohua nbsp Gaohua Service Area nbsp Shenyang Toll Station 0 nbsp nbsp AH1 nbsp G1113 Dafu Expressway nbsp AH31 nbsp G1501 Shenyang Ring Expressway nbsp G102 Road nbsp G202 Road nbsp S109 Road nbsp Shenyang Metropolitan Area nbsp nbsp Concurrent with nbsp G1501 Shenyang Ring Expressway nbsp Concurrent with nbsp G1113 Danfu Expressway 5 nbsp nbsp G304 Road nbsp Concurrent with nbsp G1113 Danfu Expressway nbsp 11 nbsp nbsp G1113 Danfu Expressway nbsp Xijiang Street nbsp Shenyang Metropolitan Area nbsp nbsp nbsp G101 Road nbsp Yixueyuan Station nbsp Lingyuan Street nbsp nbsp G203 Road nbsp Concurrent with nbsp G1501 Shenyang Ring Expressway nbsp nbsp nbsp G1501 Shenyang Ring ExpresswayShenyan Road nbsp Shenyang Metropolitan Area nbsp nbsp Puhe RoadTowards Huishan Qipanshan Forest Park nbsp nbsp G102 Road nbsp S107 Road nbsp Guaipo Scenery Zone nbsp nbsp G102 Road nbsp S331 Road nbsp nbsp G91 Liaozhong Ring Expressway nbsp Yinzhou Metropolitan Area nbsp nbsp nbsp G102 Road nbsp Tieling Service Area nbsp nbsp G102 Road nbsp Yinzhou Metropolitan Area nbsp nbsp Kaiyuan Service Area nbsp nbsp S303 RoadKaiyuan nbsp nbsp S14 Liaokai Expressway nbsp nbsp G102 RoadChangtu nbsp nbsp G102 RoadShuangmiaozi nbsp nbsp S17 Pingkang Expressway nbsp Maojiadian Toll Station nbsp Liaoning Province nbsp nbsp Jilin Province nbsp nbsp Siping Metropolitan Area nbsp nbsp Siping Toll Station nbsp Kaifaqu RoadNorth to Siping CentreSouth to nbsp G303 Road nbsp Siping Metropolitan Area nbsp nbsp Kaoshantun Service Area nbsp nbsp X152 RoadGuojiadian nbsp Gongzhuling Service Area nbsp nbsp G102 Road Gongzhuling South Station nbsp Taojiantun Service Area nbsp nbsp X063 RoadFanjiatun nbsp Changchun Metropolitan Area nbsp 949 nbsp nbsp G2501 Changchun Ring Expressway nbsp Concurrent with nbsp G2501 Changchun Ring Expressway nbsp nbsp Changchun Service Area 962 nbsp nbsp S1 Changchang ExpresswayYatai StreetChangchun Centre 969 nbsp nbsp S102 Road nbsp Jinxin Street Station 977 A B nbsp nbsp AH32 nbsp G12 Hunwu ExpresswayOrient Square Museum of the Imperial Palace of the Manchu State Changchun Centre nbsp Concurrent with nbsp AH32 nbsp G12 Hunwu Expressway nbsp 983 nbsp nbsp S101 RoadDongrong RoadChangchun CentreXinglongshan 993 nbsp North Yuanda StreetTowards nbsp G102 RoadChangchun Centre nbsp Concurrent with nbsp G2501 Changchun Ring Expressway nbsp Concurrent with nbsp AH32 nbsp G12 Hunwu Expressway 995 nbsp nbsp G2501 Changchun Ring Expressway nbsp AH32 nbsp G12 Hunwu Expressway nbsp Mishazi Service Area nbsp Mishazi nbsp Changchun Metropolitan Area nbsp nbsp Deha RoadDehui nbsp nbsp X025 RoadCaiyuanzi nbsp nbsp X144 RoadYutao RoadTaolaizhaoTowards Yushi nbsp nbsp S301 RoadFuyu nbsp Jilin Province nbsp nbsp Heilongjiang Province nbsp nbsp nbsp G102 RoadLanling nbsp nbsp G102 RoadShuangcheng nbsp Yunlianghe Service Area nbsp Harbin Metropolitan Area nbsp nbsp nbsp AH6 nbsp G10 Suiman Expressway nbsp G1001 Harbin Ring Expressway nbsp Harbin Wapenyao Toll Station nbsp nbsp nbsp G102 Road nbsp nbsp nbsp Tongjiang Road Station Continues as nbsp G102 Road nbsp Towards Beijing nbsp References editKML file edit help Template Attached KML G1 Beijing Harbin ExpresswayKML is from Wikidata 中国高速公路7918网总规划 china highway com in Chinese China G1 京哈高速 china highway com in Chinese China Archived from the original on 2012 03 21 Retrieved 2011 08 01 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title G1 Beijing Harbin Expressway amp oldid 1194608101, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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