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Jingshan Park is an imperial park covering 23 hectares (57 acres) immediately north of the Forbidden City in the Imperial City area of Beijing, China.[1] The focal point is the artificial hill Jingshan (景山, lit.'Prospect Hill').[3] Formerly a private imperialgarden attached to the grounds of the Forbidden City, the grounds were opened to the public in 1928.[4] The park was formally established in 1949.[4] It is listed as a Key State Park and is administratively part of Xicheng District in downtown Beijing.
Model showing Jingshan Park north of the Forbidden City.
Jingshan's history dates to the Liao and Jin dynasties, almost a thousand years ago.[5] The 45.7-meter (150 ft) high artificial hill was constructed in the Yongle era of the Ming dynasty entirely from the soil excavated in forming the moats of the Imperial Palace and nearby canals. All of this material was moved by manual labor and animal power. Jingshan consists of five individual peaks, and on the top of each peak there lies an elaborate pavilion. These pavilions were used by officials for gathering and leisure purposes. These five peaks also draw the approximate historical axis of central Beijing.
The dictates of feng shui long praised tombs and residences sited south of a nearby hill, serving to channel both harmful yin and cold northern winds. With Jingshan serving that purpose, it gained the name Feng Shui Hill. It is also well known to locals as Coal Hill, from an old rumor that the emperors kept a hidden stash in the park.[6]
The Chongzhen Emperor, the last ruler of the Ming dynasty, committed suicide by hanging himself from a tree in Jingshan in 1644 after Beijing fell to Li Zicheng's rebel forces.
Relationship with the Forbidden Cityedit
Jingshan Hill is separated from the Forbidden City by the palace moat. However, until 1928 the park sat directly by the moat and was accessible on the south side only from the Forbidden City via the Gate of Divine Might. In 1928, a new road (New Jingshan Street) was built to the north of the palace moat. This fully separated Jingshan Hill from the Forbidden City. The Gate of Divine Might became the back door of the Palace Museum, and the front gate of Jingshan Park now stood to the north of the new road.
The street addresses of both the Forbidden City and Jingshan Park are on New Jingshan Street. Jingshan Park is now a popular place for people to gather and socialize. One can often find elderly folks dancing, singing opera and doing other cultural activities, such as kuaiban, at Jingshan Park.
Accessedit
The park has four entrances, one in each of the cardinal directions, but only three are currently open to the public. The south entrance is located across Jingshan Front Street from the Forbidden City and is accessible by Beijing Bus routes 101, 103, 109, 124, 202, 211, 609 and 685. The west entrance on Jingshan West Street and Doushan Street is a short walk from the east gate of Beihai Park and is accessible by Bus routes 5 and 609. Trolleybus routes 111 and 124 stop at the east entrance. The north entrance is currently closed to the public. It is at the T-intersection between Jingshan Back Street and Di'anmen Inner Street and is accessible by Bus routes 5, 111, 124 and 609.
^Whiteman, Stephen. "From Upper Camp to Mountain Estate: Recovering Historical Narratives in Qing Imperial Landscapes", pp. 14 ff. Studies in the History of Gardens & Designed Landscapes: An International Quarterly. Taylor & Francis, 2013. Accessed 16 November 2013.
^The term 景 translated here as "prospect" is actually a term of art in Chinese gardening, referring to "the scenic and emotional focal points in a garden’s design, the sites of richest sensory experience".[2]
^ abCultural China. "Jinshan Park in Beijing 2013-05-12 at the Wayback Machine". Accessed 16 November 2013.
^Beijing Jingshan Park Official Website 2013-06-05 at the Wayback Machine Accessed 2013-06-18
^The China Guide. "Jingshan Park 2016-04-13 at the Wayback Machine". Accessed 16 November 2013.
External linksedit
Media related to Jingshan Park at Wikimedia Commons
December 15, 2023
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You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Chinese November 2016 Click show for important translation instructions Machine translation like DeepL or Google Translate is a useful starting point for translations but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate rather than simply copy pasting machine translated text into the English Wikipedia Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low quality If possible verify the text with references provided in the foreign language article You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing Chinese Wikipedia article at zh 景山公园 see its history for attribution You should also add the template Translated zh 景山公园 to the talk page For more guidance see Wikipedia Translation Jingshan Park is an imperial park covering 23 hectares 57 acres immediately north of the Forbidden City in the Imperial City area of Beijing China 1 The focal point is the artificial hill Jingshan 景山 lit Prospect Hill 3 Formerly a private imperial garden attached to the grounds of the Forbidden City the grounds were opened to the public in 1928 4 The park was formally established in 1949 4 It is listed as a Key State Park and is administratively part of Xicheng District in downtown Beijing Jingshan Park景山公园One of the peaks of JingshanJingshan ParkShow map of BeijingJingshan ParkShow map of ChinaTypeUrban parkLocationBeijing ChinaCoordinates39 55 25 N 116 23 26 E 39 92361 N 116 39056 E 39 92361 116 39056 Jingshan Park Area23 ha 57 acres Created11th century built the hill 1179 as imperial garden 1267 rebuilt 1651 rebuilt 1928 as public park JingshanPaifangChinese景山Literal meaningProspect HillTranscriptionsStandard MandarinHanyu PinyinJǐngshanWade GilesChing shanWansui HillTraditional Chinese萬歲山Simplified Chinese万岁山Literal meaningLong life HillTen Thousand Year HillTranscriptionsStandard MandarinHanyu PinyinWansuishanWade GilesWan sui ShanFeng Shui HillTraditional Chinese風水山Simplified Chinese风水山TranscriptionsStandard MandarinHanyu PinyinFengshuǐshanWade GilesFeng shui ShanCoal HillChinese煤山TranscriptionsStandard MandarinHanyu PinyinMeishanWade GilesMei shan Contents 1 History 2 Relationship with the Forbidden City 3 Access 4 Gallery 5 See also 6 References 7 External linksHistory edit nbsp Model showing Jingshan Park north of the Forbidden City Jingshan s history dates to the Liao and Jin dynasties almost a thousand years ago 5 The 45 7 meter 150 ft high artificial hill was constructed in the Yongle era of the Ming dynasty entirely from the soil excavated in forming the moats of the Imperial Palace and nearby canals All of this material was moved by manual labor and animal power Jingshan consists of five individual peaks and on the top of each peak there lies an elaborate pavilion These pavilions were used by officials for gathering and leisure purposes These five peaks also draw the approximate historical axis of central Beijing The dictates of feng shui long praised tombs and residences sited south of a nearby hill serving to channel both harmful yin and cold northern winds With Jingshan serving that purpose it gained the name Feng Shui Hill It is also well known to locals as Coal Hill from an old rumor that the emperors kept a hidden stash in the park 6 The Chongzhen Emperor the last ruler of the Ming dynasty committed suicide by hanging himself from a tree in Jingshan in 1644 after Beijing fell to Li Zicheng s rebel forces Relationship with the Forbidden City editJingshan Hill is separated from the Forbidden City by the palace moat However until 1928 the park sat directly by the moat and was accessible on the south side only from the Forbidden City via the Gate of Divine Might In 1928 a new road New Jingshan Street was built to the north of the palace moat This fully separated Jingshan Hill from the Forbidden City The Gate of Divine Might became the back door of the Palace Museum and the front gate of Jingshan Park now stood to the north of the new road The street addresses of both the Forbidden City and Jingshan Park are on New Jingshan Street Jingshan Park is now a popular place for people to gather and socialize One can often find elderly folks dancing singing opera and doing other cultural activities such as kuaiban at Jingshan Park Access editThe park has four entrances one in each of the cardinal directions but only three are currently open to the public The south entrance is located across Jingshan Front Street from the Forbidden City and is accessible by Beijing Bus routes 101 103 109 124 202 211 609 and 685 The west entrance on Jingshan West Street and Doushan Street is a short walk from the east gate of Beihai Park and is accessible by Bus routes 5 and 609 Trolleybus routes 111 and 124 stop at the east entrance The north entrance is currently closed to the public It is at the T intersection between Jingshan Back Street and Di anmen Inner Street and is accessible by Bus routes 5 111 124 and 609 Gallery edit nbsp View from the top of Jingshan nbsp A walk through the park nbsp Stone tablets in Jingshan nbsp Steps leading uphill nbsp Fulan Pavilion 富览亭 nbsp Wanchun Pavilion 万春亭 nbsp Wanchun Pavilion close up nbsp Guanmiao Pavilion 观妙亭 nbsp Vairocana Buddha statue in Wanchun Pavilion nbsp Zhoushang Pavilion 周赏亭 nbsp Yiwang Building 倚望楼 nbsp The place where Chongzhen Emperor of Ming dynasty committed suicide nbsp View of hilltop pavilion 2005 nbsp Jingshan in autumn 2007See also editJingshan disambiguation Zuihuai List of Beijing landmarks Zhongnanhai Summer Palace Old Summer PalaceReferences edit Jingshan Park Travelchinaguide com Retrieved 2012 03 02 Whiteman Stephen From Upper Camp to Mountain Estate Recovering Historical Narratives in Qing Imperial Landscapes pp 14 ff Studies in the History of Gardens amp Designed Landscapes An International Quarterly Taylor amp Francis 2013 Accessed 16 November 2013 The term 景 translated here as prospect is actually a term of art in Chinese gardening referring to the scenic and emotional focal points in a garden s design the sites of richest sensory experience 2 a b Cultural China Jinshan Park in Beijing Archived 2013 05 12 at the Wayback Machine Accessed 16 November 2013 Beijing Jingshan Park Official Website Archived 2013 06 05 at the Wayback Machine Accessed 2013 06 18 The China Guide Jingshan Park Archived 2016 04 13 at the Wayback Machine Accessed 16 November 2013 External links edit nbsp Media related to Jingshan Park at Wikimedia Commons Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Jingshan Park amp oldid 1170545579, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
