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Amritlal Ojha

January 31, 2023

Amritlal Ojha (1890–1944) was a noted coal miner and businessman from Calcutta, India.

Life sketch

Birth and early life

Amritlal was born in 1890 at Anjar to Laljee Ojha.[1][2] He belonged to the Gujarati family of Brahmin caste.[3] They were known as 'Lotani' family of Anjar, Kutch.[1][2] He obtained his education first at a native school and subsequently at Morvi.[1][3] Early in life he tried several jobs even as a teacher in Anjar. He later worked under a Parsi railway contractor with his father, when in 1905, Nagda to Mathura railway lines were opened.[1][2][3] Here they came in close contact with various Mistri railway contractors, who also belonged to Anjar, Kutch.[3] Some of them invited them to Jharia after completion of railway lines in 1908.[3]

Career at Jharia coalfields

Amritlal's father came to Jharia in the year 1908 and joined Mistri Khimjee Moljee & Company's Joyrampur Colliery.[1][2][3] The owner was Khimee Moolji Jethwa of Anjar from Mistri community of Kutch.[3] Sometimes later he called Amritlal also to Jharia and arranged a job for him at Mistri Khengarji Trikoo & Son's Khas Joyrampur colliery at a salary of Rs 31/- per month, which was raised to Rs. 70/- very soon looking into his competence.[2][3]

Khengarji Trikoo was owned by Khengarji Trikoo Padhiyar of Anjar and his son Nanji Khengarji. They also belonged to Mistri community of Kutch.[3] The Mistris of Kutch were pioneering Indians in Jharia coalfields, led by Seth Khora Ramji and in the 1900s held influential control of collieries and in the local politics of Jharia.[3] Soon Amritlal became a close associate and confidante of the employers earning them huge profits by his acumen. Khengarji offered him a partnership with a view to retaining him and a new firm was opened in name of Khengarji Amritlal & Company. Initially, Jote Dhamo Colliery was purchased as joint venture of Nanji Khengarji Trikoo and Amritlal Ojha in the year 1919, which was a huge success.[1][2][3] The success in the coal business enabled him to buy a piece of coal land about 500 bighas- in 1920 near Raniganj.[1][2][3] A little later, another colliery was purchased in partnership with Nanji Khengarji and also opened at Joyrampur and a liaison office was opened in Calcutta for coal trading business.[1][2][3] However, in 1928, the partnership business went into legal dispute with family of Khengarji Trikoo claiming that Amritlal sold a part of the coal mines to another party without their consent and knowledge.[3][4] Amritlal lost the case in Supreme Court of India in 1939 and had to pay the damages to Ratilal Nanji, son of Nanji Khengarji.[3][4] Thus the joint venture Khengarji Amritlal & Company came to an end with bitter note and as a black spot on Amritlal's otherwise illustrious business career.[3]

Shifting to Calcutta

However, by this time Amritlal had amassed enough wealth. He shifted to Calcutta around 1929–30 and started his own firm Amritlal & Sons and Amritlal Ojha & Company with offices at Calcutta and Bombay, which were later converted into limited companies. Further, there was a firm named Ojha Brothers.[5]

He built a palatial mansion at Allenby Road in Bhawanipore and named it Ojha Mansion and family shifted there.[3]

Collieries in Ranigunj coalfields

He concentrated on his sole proprietorship collieries, Guzdar Kajora Colliery located at Kajoragram in Burdwan district, which he had purchased in 1921.[1][2][3] He also took several other coal mines on lease like East Sitalpur Colliery, East Bansdeopur Coal mines and others.[6] There were at least 14 collieries under their management at a point of time.[7]

Cotton mills

He also took on lease mills such as the Hattersley Mill Co in Bombay, which he ran till 1940. The mill was owned by Gwalior State. The State gifted the mill to the Government of India in 1940.[3][8]

Import-export and agency business

He also started import export business and exported coal, rice and other products. He also took agencies of various consumer products as an importer.[3][9] They were distributor for Shalimar biscuits for Eastern India.

Safe Deposit Vault

He also built multi-storied complex Security House at Calcutta as his head office, which stands at Netaji Subhas Road, Kolkata. He also started Calcutta Safe Deposit Vault Ltd at Security House at Calcutta, which was one of the safest vault of those times located under the ground of building.[3][10] The vault was modelled on safe deposit centres in London that Ojha had come across during a visit to Europe in the early 1930s.[7] The vault opened in January, 1940 is still in operation.[7] It was one of the first private vaults of Kolkata and Ojha had to travel to London start this venture, as initially the permission starting such private vault was denied by British.[11] Sir Badridas Goenka served as the first chairman of this company and other elites of town like Nalini Ranjan Sarkar, Maharaja of Burdwan, royal families of Sikkim apart from British and Europeans, patronized it once upon a time.[11] Even Dalai Lama held a vault here.[11]

Sugar mills

Amritlal Ojha also purchased a sugar mill at Burma in 1931 and floated two companies to manage it - Amritlal Ojha & Co. (Burma) Ltd and Burma Ainrit Sugar Mills Ltd.[6][12]

Insurance

He also founded an insurance company - Great Social Life and General Insurance Company in early 1943.[7] The company was opened with patronage of the Jamsahib Sri Digvijaysinhji of Nawanagar and other directors included Pranlal Devkaran Nanjee, Dhanjishaw J. Poonawala, Fazalbhoy Ibrahim Rahimtoola, Jeshtaram Kapadia, Mohmmadbhoy Dawjee Dadabhoy and Vasantray Amritlal Ojha.[13][3]

Public life

He was one of the founders of Geological, Mining and Metallurgical Society of India, which was founded in 1924. He served as executive committee member of the Geological Society from 1924 till his death in 1944 and presided over it for the years 1928-29 and 1928-30[2] In 1930, he attended International Labour Conference as Employers delegate. He was also one of the founders of the Indian Chamber of Commerce, Calcutta and also later served as its President and Chairman in 1933-34. He also served as Chairman of the Indian Mining Federation, was the President of the Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce & Industry for years 1940-41 and The Indian Merchants' Chamber also[3][14][15] He was a member of the Bihar and Orissa Legislative Council in 1926; President of the Bengal National Chamber of Commerce & Industry, member of the Mining Board and was one of the founders of The Indian Colliery Owners' Association.[3][16][17][18] He objected and wrote a letter to Sir Purushottamdas Thakurdas, when it was known that Thakurdas had opposed allocation of Jute Export Duty to Bengal.[19]

Philanthropy

Amritlal Ojha was also a philanthropist and helped to fund Calcutta Anglo-Gujarati School, donated land for Bhawanipoure Education Society College and family funded Shree Bhawanipur Gujarati Balmandir at Calcutta and served in various posts of these school committees. Also in Gujarat helped to start a girls school at Anjar and one at Morvi.[3]

Death and successors

He died at age of 54, in 1944 when he was at the peak of his business carrier.[1][2][3][10] Among his successors, mainly his sons, Keshavlal Amritlal Ojha, Vasantray Amritlal Ojha and Bhupatray Amritlal Ojha along with a relative and a key personnel of the company named Jyantilal Manishankar Ojha,[3][20] are noted for taking reins of Ojha group

The Ojha business group suffered major set back after nationalization of coal mines in 1971–73, due to internal disputes and losses in other arms of their business.[3]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Quarterly Journal of the Geological, Mining and Metallurgical Society of India. The Society. 1951. pp. xix, xvii, 125.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Jnanendra Nath Kumar (1934). The genealogical history of India. Ahi Bhusan Ghosh. p. 209.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab Diary of Golden Days at Jharia – A Memoir & History of Gurjar Kashtriya Samaj of Kutch in Coalfields of Jharia – written by Natwarlal Devram Jethwa of Calcutta compiled by Raja Pawan Jethwa published in year 1998 in English pp:32- Amritlal Ojha (1890-1944)
  4. ^ a b All India Reporter. D.V. Chitaley. 1939. p. 217.
  5. ^ Kanta Roy, Rajat. Entrepreneurship and Industry in India, 1800–1947. p. 246.
  6. ^ a b Indian & Pakistan Year Book & Who's who. Bennett, Coleman & Company. 1951. p. 805.
  7. ^ a b c d "Breaking open a repository of forgotten legacies". Live Mint. 12 March 2011. Retrieved 25 February 2016.
  8. ^ India (Republic) Partition Secretariat (1947). Partition Proceedings: appx.1-2.Assets and liabilities (expert committee no.2). p. 169.
  9. ^ Indian National Congress. All India Congress Committee (1956). Year of Freedom. Indian National Congress.
  10. ^ a b Calcutta Safe Deposit Vault
  11. ^ a b c "British-era vault still operating in Kolkata". Times of India. 13 September 2015. Retrieved 25 February 2016.
  12. ^ Manmohan Purushottam Gandhi (1945). Problems of Sugar Industry in India: Scope and Prospects of Re-organisation in Post-war Period. Gandhi & Company. p. 17.
  13. ^ India's Might, B. Pirojsha, 1943 -Page 264
  14. ^ . Archived from the original on 2 March 2016. Retrieved 22 February 2016.
  15. ^ FICCI Past president[permanent dead link]
  16. ^ Who's who in India, Burma & Ceylon. Who's Who Publishers (India) Limited. 1940. p. 534.
  17. ^ India. Parliament. Rajya Sabha (1964). Parliamentary Debates: Official Report. Council of States Secretariat. p. 4031.
  18. ^ Quarterly Journal of the Geological, Mining and Metallurgical Society of India. The Society. 1943. pp. 116–117.
  19. ^ Ramananda Chatterjee (1933). The Modern Review. Prabasi Press Private, Limited. p. 30.
  20. ^ The Times of India Directory & Yearbook, Including Who's who. Times of India Press. 1954. p. 1261.

January 31, 2023
amritlal, ojha, 1890, 1944, noted, coal, miner, businessman, from, calcutta, india, contents, life, sketch, birth, early, life, career, jharia, coalfields, shifting, calcutta, collieries, ranigunj, coalfields, cotton, mills, import, export, agency, business, s. Amritlal Ojha 1890 1944 was a noted coal miner and businessman from Calcutta India Contents 1 Life sketch 1 1 Birth and early life 1 2 Career at Jharia coalfields 1 3 Shifting to Calcutta 1 3 1 Collieries in Ranigunj coalfields 1 3 2 Cotton mills 1 3 3 Import export and agency business 1 3 4 Safe Deposit Vault 1 3 5 Sugar mills 1 3 6 Insurance 1 4 Public life 1 5 Philanthropy 1 6 Death and successors 2 ReferencesLife sketch EditBirth and early life Edit Amritlal was born in 1890 at Anjar to Laljee Ojha 1 2 He belonged to the Gujarati family of Brahmin caste 3 They were known as Lotani family of Anjar Kutch 1 2 He obtained his education first at a native school and subsequently at Morvi 1 3 Early in life he tried several jobs even as a teacher in Anjar He later worked under a Parsi railway contractor with his father when in 1905 Nagda to Mathura railway lines were opened 1 2 3 Here they came in close contact with various Mistri railway contractors who also belonged to Anjar Kutch 3 Some of them invited them to Jharia after completion of railway lines in 1908 3 Career at Jharia coalfields Edit Amritlal s father came to Jharia in the year 1908 and joined Mistri Khimjee Moljee amp Company s Joyrampur Colliery 1 2 3 The owner was Khimee Moolji Jethwa of Anjar from Mistri community of Kutch 3 Sometimes later he called Amritlal also to Jharia and arranged a job for him at Mistri Khengarji Trikoo amp Son s Khas Joyrampur colliery at a salary of Rs 31 per month which was raised to Rs 70 very soon looking into his competence 2 3 Khengarji Trikoo was owned by Khengarji Trikoo Padhiyar of Anjar and his son Nanji Khengarji They also belonged to Mistri community of Kutch 3 The Mistris of Kutch were pioneering Indians in Jharia coalfields led by Seth Khora Ramji and in the 1900s held influential control of collieries and in the local politics of Jharia 3 Soon Amritlal became a close associate and confidante of the employers earning them huge profits by his acumen Khengarji offered him a partnership with a view to retaining him and a new firm was opened in name of Khengarji Amritlal amp Company Initially Jote Dhamo Colliery was purchased as joint venture of Nanji Khengarji Trikoo and Amritlal Ojha in the year 1919 which was a huge success 1 2 3 The success in the coal business enabled him to buy a piece of coal land about 500 bighas in 1920 near Raniganj 1 2 3 A little later another colliery was purchased in partnership with Nanji Khengarji and also opened at Joyrampur and a liaison office was opened in Calcutta for coal trading business 1 2 3 However in 1928 the partnership business went into legal dispute with family of Khengarji Trikoo claiming that Amritlal sold a part of the coal mines to another party without their consent and knowledge 3 4 Amritlal lost the case in Supreme Court of India in 1939 and had to pay the damages to Ratilal Nanji son of Nanji Khengarji 3 4 Thus the joint venture Khengarji Amritlal amp Company came to an end with bitter note and as a black spot on Amritlal s otherwise illustrious business career 3 Shifting to Calcutta Edit However by this time Amritlal had amassed enough wealth He shifted to Calcutta around 1929 30 and started his own firm Amritlal amp Sons and Amritlal Ojha amp Company with offices at Calcutta and Bombay which were later converted into limited companies Further there was a firm named Ojha Brothers 5 He built a palatial mansion at Allenby Road in Bhawanipore and named it Ojha Mansion and family shifted there 3 Collieries in Ranigunj coalfields Edit He concentrated on his sole proprietorship collieries Guzdar Kajora Colliery located at Kajoragram in Burdwan district which he had purchased in 1921 1 2 3 He also took several other coal mines on lease like East Sitalpur Colliery East Bansdeopur Coal mines and others 6 There were at least 14 collieries under their management at a point of time 7 Cotton mills Edit He also took on lease mills such as the Hattersley Mill Co in Bombay which he ran till 1940 The mill was owned by Gwalior State The State gifted the mill to the Government of India in 1940 3 8 Import export and agency business Edit He also started import export business and exported coal rice and other products He also took agencies of various consumer products as an importer 3 9 They were distributor for Shalimar biscuits for Eastern India Safe Deposit Vault Edit He also built multi storied complex Security House at Calcutta as his head office which stands at Netaji Subhas Road Kolkata He also started Calcutta Safe Deposit Vault Ltd at Security House at Calcutta which was one of the safest vault of those times located under the ground of building 3 10 The vault was modelled on safe deposit centres in London that Ojha had come across during a visit to Europe in the early 1930s 7 The vault opened in January 1940 is still in operation 7 It was one of the first private vaults of Kolkata and Ojha had to travel to London start this venture as initially the permission starting such private vault was denied by British 11 Sir Badridas Goenka served as the first chairman of this company and other elites of town like Nalini Ranjan Sarkar Maharaja of Burdwan royal families of Sikkim apart from British and Europeans patronized it once upon a time 11 Even Dalai Lama held a vault here 11 Sugar mills Edit Amritlal Ojha also purchased a sugar mill at Burma in 1931 and floated two companies to manage it Amritlal Ojha amp Co Burma Ltd and Burma Ainrit Sugar Mills Ltd 6 12 Insurance Edit He also founded an insurance company Great Social Life and General Insurance Company in early 1943 7 The company was opened with patronage of the Jamsahib Sri Digvijaysinhji of Nawanagar and other directors included Pranlal Devkaran Nanjee Dhanjishaw J Poonawala Fazalbhoy Ibrahim Rahimtoola Jeshtaram Kapadia Mohmmadbhoy Dawjee Dadabhoy and Vasantray Amritlal Ojha 13 3 Public life Edit He was one of the founders of Geological Mining and Metallurgical Society of India which was founded in 1924 He served as executive committee member of the Geological Society from 1924 till his death in 1944 and presided over it for the years 1928 29 and 1928 30 2 In 1930 he attended International Labour Conference as Employers delegate He was also one of the founders of the Indian Chamber of Commerce Calcutta and also later served as its President and Chairman in 1933 34 He also served as Chairman of the Indian Mining Federation was the President of the Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce amp Industry for years 1940 41 and The Indian Merchants Chamber also 3 14 15 He was a member of the Bihar and Orissa Legislative Council in 1926 President of the Bengal National Chamber of Commerce amp Industry member of the Mining Board and was one of the founders of The Indian Colliery Owners Association 3 16 17 18 He objected and wrote a letter to Sir Purushottamdas Thakurdas when it was known that Thakurdas had opposed allocation of Jute Export Duty to Bengal 19 Philanthropy Edit Amritlal Ojha was also a philanthropist and helped to fund Calcutta Anglo Gujarati School donated land for Bhawanipoure Education Society College and family funded Shree Bhawanipur Gujarati Balmandir at Calcutta and served in various posts of these school committees Also in Gujarat helped to start a girls school at Anjar and one at Morvi 3 Death and successors Edit He died at age of 54 in 1944 when he was at the peak of his business carrier 1 2 3 10 Among his successors mainly his sons Keshavlal Amritlal Ojha Vasantray Amritlal Ojha and Bhupatray Amritlal Ojha along with a relative and a key personnel of the company named Jyantilal Manishankar Ojha 3 20 are noted for taking reins of Ojha groupThe Ojha business group suffered major set back after nationalization of coal mines in 1971 73 due to internal disputes and losses in other arms of their business 3 References Edit a b c d e f g h i j Quarterly Journal of the Geological Mining and Metallurgical Society of India The Society 1951 pp xix xvii 125 a b c d e f g h i j k Jnanendra Nath Kumar 1934 The genealogical history of India Ahi Bhusan Ghosh p 209 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab Diary of Golden Days at Jharia A Memoir amp History of Gurjar Kashtriya Samaj of Kutch in Coalfields of Jharia written by Natwarlal Devram Jethwa of Calcutta compiled by Raja Pawan Jethwa published in year 1998 in English pp 32 Amritlal Ojha 1890 1944 a b All India Reporter D V Chitaley 1939 p 217 Kanta Roy Rajat Entrepreneurship and Industry in India 1800 1947 p 246 a b Indian amp Pakistan Year Book amp Who s who Bennett Coleman amp Company 1951 p 805 a b c d Breaking open a repository of forgotten legacies Live Mint 12 March 2011 Retrieved 25 February 2016 India Republic Partition Secretariat 1947 Partition Proceedings appx 1 2 Assets and liabilities expert committee no 2 p 169 Indian National Congress All India Congress Committee 1956 Year of Freedom Indian National Congress a b Calcutta Safe Deposit Vault a b c British era vault still operating in Kolkata Times of India 13 September 2015 Retrieved 25 February 2016 Manmohan Purushottam Gandhi 1945 Problems of Sugar Industry in India Scope and Prospects of Re organisation in Post war Period Gandhi amp Company p 17 India s Might B Pirojsha 1943 Page 264 ICC Past presidents Archived from the original on 2 March 2016 Retrieved 22 February 2016 FICCI Past president permanent dead link Who s who in India Burma amp Ceylon Who s Who Publishers India Limited 1940 p 534 India Parliament Rajya Sabha 1964 Parliamentary Debates Official Report Council of States Secretariat p 4031 Quarterly Journal of the Geological Mining and Metallurgical Society of India The Society 1943 pp 116 117 Ramananda Chatterjee 1933 The Modern Review Prabasi Press Private Limited p 30 The Times of India Directory amp Yearbook Including Who s who Times of India Press 1954 p 1261 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Amritlal Ojha amp oldid 1108609413 Death and sucssessors, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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