Javānmardi (Persian: جوانمردی lit. Sportsmanship) is a Persian word which refers broadly to the ideological or philosophical underpinnings an ethical system dominated by altruism, magnanimity and liberality linked to chivalry, and particularly spiritual chivalry.[1] It is a concept usually discussed within Sufi contexts.
The lutis (Persian: لوتیlūtī) were a unique type of masculine men with roots from the Persian Sufi brotherhoods, ayyārs, and futuwwa ideas in 15th-19th century Persia. They had distinct rites, attitudes, clothing, and traits, most notably practicing Pahlevani and zoorkhaneh rituals. Their spiritual and martial model of masculinity was javānmardi, which means the state of being javānmard.[2]
They also consumed wine and even read Iranian poetry like Ferdowsi.
In late 19th century, a unifying national Persian masculine gender identity was gradually formed during the political and social developments and modernization/Westernization in late Qajar (1785-1925), particularly during the Persian Constitutional Revolution (1905-1911), and first Pahlavi periods (1925-1941), which came into conflict with the ideals, norms, traits, and appearance of the lutis; the latter gradually became menacing, counter-normative, deviant, anxiety-provoking, chaotic, and violent.[2]
In popular cultureedit
Dash Mashti was an influential subgenre of the Iranian cinema that embodied javanmardi ideals and ideas. Most of these films were produced in 1950s in Iran. The best example is considered the 1971 movie Dash Akol.[3][4][5]
In modern Iranedit
In modern times the concept indicates to an idealized configuration of masculinity in Iran. Some historical actors are considered of representing the javanmardi-ethos paradigmatically. The merchant Tayyeb Hajj Reza'i (1912-1963) is nowadays remembered as the "javanmard-e bozorg", i. e. the "great ideal man".[6]
^ abBell, Robert (27 May 2015). (PDF). All Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects. S2CID 42031859. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 March 2019. Retrieved 14 August 2019.
^Atwood, Blake (2016). Reform Cinema in Iran: Film and Political Change in the Islamic Republic. Columbia University Press. p. 146. ISBN9780231543149.
^Naficy, Hamid (2011). A Social History of Iranian Cinema, Volume 2: The Industrializing Years, 1941–1978. Duke University Press. p. 270. ISBN9780822347743.
^Balslev, Sivan (2019). Iranian Masculinities: Gender and Sexuality in Late Qajar and Early Pahlavi Iran. Cambridge University Press. p. 23. ISBN9781108470636.
^Gölz, "Representation of the Hero Tayyeb Hajj Reza’i. Sociological Reflections on javanmardi.", In Javanmardi: The Ethics and Practice of Persianate Perfection. Edited by Lloyd Ridgeon, 263–80. Berkeley, CA: Ginkgo Press, 2018.
April 10, 2024
javānmardi, persian, جوانمردی, sportsmanship, persian, word, which, refers, broadly, ideological, philosophical, underpinnings, ethical, system, dominated, altruism, magnanimity, liberality, linked, chivalry, particularly, spiritual, chivalry, concept, usually. Javanmardi Persian جوانمردی lit Sportsmanship is a Persian word which refers broadly to the ideological or philosophical underpinnings an ethical system dominated by altruism magnanimity and liberality linked to chivalry and particularly spiritual chivalry 1 It is a concept usually discussed within Sufi contexts Contents 1 Luti and Dash mashti 2 In popular culture 3 In modern Iran 4 ReferencesLuti and Dash mashti editThe lutis Persian لوتی luti were a unique type of masculine men with roots from the Persian Sufi brotherhoods ayyars and futuwwa ideas in 15th 19th century Persia They had distinct rites attitudes clothing and traits most notably practicing Pahlevani and zoorkhaneh rituals Their spiritual and martial model of masculinity was javanmardi which means the state of being javanmard 2 They also consumed wine and even read Iranian poetry like Ferdowsi In late 19th century a unifying national Persian masculine gender identity was gradually formed during the political and social developments and modernization Westernization in late Qajar 1785 1925 particularly during the Persian Constitutional Revolution 1905 1911 and first Pahlavi periods 1925 1941 which came into conflict with the ideals norms traits and appearance of the lutis the latter gradually became menacing counter normative deviant anxiety provoking chaotic and violent 2 In popular culture editDash Mashti was an influential subgenre of the Iranian cinema that embodied javanmardi ideals and ideas Most of these films were produced in 1950s in Iran The best example is considered the 1971 movie Dash Akol 3 4 5 In modern Iran editIn modern times the concept indicates to an idealized configuration of masculinity in Iran Some historical actors are considered of representing the javanmardi ethos paradigmatically The merchant Tayyeb Hajj Reza i 1912 1963 is nowadays remembered as the javanmard e bozorg i e the great ideal man 6 References edit Encyclopaedia Iranica Javanmardi a b Bell Robert 27 May 2015 Luti Masculinity in Iranian Modernity 1785 1941 Marginalization and the Anxieties of Proper Masculine Comportment PDF All Dissertations Theses and Capstone Projects S2CID 42031859 Archived from the original PDF on 3 March 2019 Retrieved 14 August 2019 Atwood Blake 2016 Reform Cinema in Iran Film and Political Change in the Islamic Republic Columbia University Press p 146 ISBN 9780231543149 Naficy Hamid 2011 A Social History of Iranian Cinema Volume 2 The Industrializing Years 1941 1978 Duke University Press p 270 ISBN 9780822347743 Balslev Sivan 2019 Iranian Masculinities Gender and Sexuality in Late Qajar and Early Pahlavi Iran Cambridge University Press p 23 ISBN 9781108470636 Golz Representation of the Hero Tayyeb Hajj Reza i Sociological Reflections on javanmardi In Javanmardi The Ethics and Practice of Persianate Perfection Edited by Lloyd Ridgeon 263 80 Berkeley CA Ginkgo Press 2018 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Javanmardi amp oldid 1214991116, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
