James Shaw (New Zealand politician)
James Peter Edward Shaw (born 6 May 1973) is a New Zealand politician and a leader of the Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand. Voters elected Shaw to the New Zealand parliament at the 2014 general election as a list representative of the Green Party. The party selected Shaw as its male co-leader in May 2015. Following Metiria Turei's resignation in August 2017, Shaw became the party's sole leader for the duration of the 2017 general election.[1]
James Shaw | |
|---|---|
Shaw in 2014 | |
| 3rd Male co-leader of the Green Party | |
| Assumed office 30 May 2015 | |
| Preceded by | Russel Norman |
| 6th Minister for Climate Change | |
| Assumed office 26 October 2017 | |
| Prime Minister | Jacinda Ardern Chris Hipkins |
| Preceded by | Paula Bennett |
| 30th Minister of Statistics | |
| In office 26 October 2017 – 6 November 2020 | |
| Prime Minister | Jacinda Ardern |
| Preceded by | Scott Simpson |
| Succeeded by | David Clark |
| Member of the New Zealand Parliament for Green party list | |
| Assumed office 20 September 2014 | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | James Peter Edward Shaw 6 May 1973 Wellington, New Zealand |
| Political party | Green |
| Residence(s) | Aro Valley, Wellington |
| Profession | Politician |
| Website | Green Party profile |
In October 2017 the Green Party agreed to support a Labour-led government. Shaw became the Minister of Statistics, Minister for Climate Change and Associate Minister of Finance (outside Cabinet). Following the 2020 general election, the Greens agreed to cooperate with the Labour majority government, and Shaw was re-appointed as the Minister for Climate Change.
Early life
Shaw was born in Wellington, and was primarily raised by his single mother Cynthia Shaw.[2] When he was twelve years old his mother entered into a relationship with fellow teacher Susanne Jungersen. Shaw credits his two mothers for instilling him with his passion for politics and social justice.[3] He attended Wellington High School (1985–1990) and Victoria University of Wellington. Shaw first tried his hand at politics in the 1992 Wellington local elections, standing for the Wellington City Council in the Western Ward on a Green ticket. He came seventh out of ten candidates.[4] He later moved to London, living there for 12 years, before returning to New Zealand in 2010.[5] Shaw completed an MSc in sustainability and business leadership at the University of Bath School of Management in 2005.[6]
Career before politics
Before returning to Wellington in 2010, Shaw worked in the consulting division at PricewaterhouseCoopers. Between 2011 and 2014, Shaw worked as both a consultant for HSBC bank on "environmental awareness programmes for future leaders" and also at Wellington social enterprise the Akina Foundation.[7]
Political career
| Years | Term | Electorate | List | Party | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2014–2017 | 51st | List | 12 | Green | |
| 2017–2020 | 52nd | List | 1 | Green | |
| 2020–present | 53rd | List | 2 | Green | |
At age 19, Shaw stood in the 1992 local elections in Wellington's Western ward.[8] Three candidates were elected, with Shaw coming seventh of ten candidates.[4]
In the 2011 election, Shaw stood in the Wellington Central electorate, succeeding Sue Kedgley as the Green Party candidate in this seat. He came third in the candidate vote after Labour and National, but second in the party vote, beating Labour into third place.[9][10] He was 15th on the 2011 party list and the highest-placed candidate who did not make it into Parliament.[11]
Shaw has said that in the 2011 Greens selection process, party members "didn't have a lot of time to get to know me" and disregarded him as "an ex-PWC management consultant in a suit". He says he has proved his worth to the party subsequently and was rewarded with a higher list ranking in both the draft and final party lists for the 2014 election.[7][9]
Bryce Edwards said in The New Zealand Herald that Shaw represented "the more environmentally-focused, non-left side of the [Green] party – what might be called the New Greens faction – people who are more at home in the business world wearing corporate attire than amongst the far left. ... There will be many that see Shaw as a future co-leader of the party."[12]
Shaw was elected to Parliament for the first time as a Green Party list MP in the 2014 general election and re-elected at the 2017 general election and 2020 general election.[13][14][15] Shaw contested Wellington Central at each of those elections, placing third every time to Labour's Grant Robertson and National's Paul Foster-Bell (2014) and Nicola Willis (2017 and 2020).
Member of Parliament
First term in Parliament and ascension to leadership
Shaw's first term in Parliament was the final term of the John Key and Bill English-led National Government. The Green Party, led by Russel Norman and Metiria Turei, was not part of the Government. Shaw was initially appointed as Green Party spokesperson for a selection of justice and business-related portfolios and made a member of the Justice and Electoral Committee.[16]
Norman announced his retirement from the co-leadership position in January 2015, triggering a leadership contest.[17] Despite having only been an MP for seven months, Shaw successfully contested the election against longer-serving MPs Kevin Hague and Gareth Hughes and extra-parliamentary candidate Vernon Tava.[18] During the campaign, Shaw said that as co-leader he would try and connect with "the 28 per cent of voters that considered voting Green last year and didn’t and remove all of the barriers that are currently stopping them voting Green".[19] At the election held at the Green Party AGM on 30 May 2015, Shaw won 54 per cent of the delegates' first preference votes, compared to Hague who won 44 per cent (the other two candidates both won 1 per cent).[2]
The day after becoming co-leader, he called for a cross-party consensus on climate change and said there was room for the Greens and National to work together on the issue.[20] He also said in his first major speech that he wanted the Green Party to be "more like modern New Zealand", and expand its membership both in terms of numbers and to include a more diverse group of people.[2]
2017 general election
The leadership pairing of Turei (a lawyer) and Shaw (a management consultant) pitched itself as a more mainstream, professional version of the party compared to previous incarnations which were associated with "being wacky, smoking dope, hugging trees and eating lentils."[21] A Vanity Fair-style photoshoot presented the co-leaders alongside four new candidates on the cover of North & South magazine in May 2017. Despite this, the party launched "radical" policy reform to the New Zealand welfare system and tax system.[22] In the policy announcement on 16 July, Turei admitted committing benefit fraud in the 1990s[22][23] and later admitted to electoral fraud in the same period.[24] Under pressure, she eventually resigned on 9 August, leaving Shaw as the Green Party's sole leader for the duration of the 2017 general election campaign.[25]
As sole leader, Shaw relaunched the party's campaign in Auckland and a new slogan ("Love New Zealand") on 13 August.[26] In September, Shaw launched the party's climate policy: a Zero Carbon Act with the goal of net zero carbon emissions by 2050, the establishment of an independent Climate Change Commission, and the replacement of the current New Zealand Emissions Trading Scheme with a Kiwi Climate Fund that pays an annual dividend of $250 to each New Zealander and is generated by taxing farmers for pollution.[27]
The Green Party's share of the party vote dropped to 6.3%, resulting in eight MPs being elected.[14] Possible government arrangements after the election included a National/Green government, a Labour/Green/New Zealand First government and a National/New Zealand First government. Shaw ruled out cooperating with the National Party.[28] New Zealand First also negotiated with National but decided to form a coalition government with the Labour Party, with confidence and supply from the Green Party.
Coalition Government, 2017–2020
Shaw was appointed Minister of Statistics, Minister for Climate Change and Associate Minister of Finance (outside Cabinet) in the coalition government.[29][30][31]
As Minister for Statistics, Shaw received criticism from National MP Nick Smith for the low response rate during the 2018 New Zealand census.[32] Shaw attributed the lower response to a lack of Internet access particularly among the older generation.[33]
In April 2018, Shaw as Minister for Climate Change expressed support for the Government's decision to end future gas and oil exploration, hailing it as the "nuclear-free moment of our generation." He also reiterated the Green Party's support for ending deep-sea oil and gas exploration, stating that "fossil fuels are not our future."[34][35]
According to figures released by the Department of Internal Affairs, Shaw was the government minister to spend the most on air travel fares in late 2018. Shaw spent NZ$77,771 on international air travel fares during the period between October and December 2018 while Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern spent NZ$54,487 during that same period. Shaw clarified that these air travel fares had been spent on attending multiple international climate change conferences.[36][37][38]
On 14 March 2019, Shaw was assaulted while walking to Parliament, sustaining a black eye and lacerations to his face. The attack was condemned by politicians from all sides of the political spectrum. Police confirmed that a 47-year-old man was arrested and charged with injuring with intent to injure in relation to the incident.[39][40][41][42] During a press conference held the following day, Shaw expressed support for climate change school strikes held across the country calling for governments worldwide to take action on climate change. Shaw declined to give details about the assault, stating it was under police investigation.[43][44]
On 8 May 2019, Shaw introduced the Climate Change Response (Zero Carbon) Amendment Bill into the New Zealand Parliament. The Bill subsequently passed its first reading on 22 May 2019.[45][46][47]
In late August 2020, Shaw attracted criticism from the opposition National Party, school principals, teachers unions' and members of his own Green Party after he approved the allocation of NZ$11.7 million from the Government's $3 billion COVID-19 "shovel-ready" recovery fund to the private "Green School New Zealand" in Taranaki. This funding boost violated the Green Party's own policy of opposing state funding being allocated to private schools. Shaw had defended the decision, claiming it would have created 200 jobs and boosted the local economy. Former Green MPs Catherine Delahunty, Mojo Mathers and Sue Bradford criticised Shaw's decision as a betrayal of the Green Party's policies and principles.[48][49][50]
According to Newshub, Shaw refused to sign the Government's NZ$3 billion "shovel-ready" infrastructure fund until the Green School in Taranaki was approved.[51] On 1 September, Shaw apologised for approving the funding of the Green School, describing it as "an error of judgment." Shaw has also apologised to Green Party members in a Zoom call. Representatives of the school have reportedly approached the Crown to convert part or all of the Government's grant into a loan.[52][53] On 3 September, the Education Minister Chris Hipkins disputed Shaw's claim that he had given verbal approval to the allocation of NZ$11.7 million to the private Green School in Taranaki.[54] On 2 November, it was reported that the owners of the Green School had reached a settlement for the Government's NZ$11.7 million grant to be converted into a loan; a development that was welcomed by local principals.[55][56]
Supporting the Labour Government, 2020–2023
Labour won an outright majority in the 2020 general election. Despite this, Labour and the Green Party agreed a "cooperation agreement" on 31 October 2020 that resulted in Shaw retaining the Climate Change portfolio and become Associate Minister for the Environment (Biodiversity).[57][58][59]
At the 2021 party annual general meeting Shaw was challenged for the co-leadership by Dunedin climate activist and software developer, James Cockle. Cockle stated his unhappiness with the progress the Greens were making during the Parliamentary term and wanted the Greens to become a "major party" and cease being seen as "Labour's little helper" as was the case under the current leadership. Shaw responded, stating he was "quietly confident" he would be re-elected by party members.[60] Shaw was overwhelmingly re-elected, winning 116 delegate votes with just four to Cockle.[61]
In mid September 2021, Shaw attracted media attention after Prime Minister Ardern granted him and a team of nine diplomats spaces in the managed isolation and quarantine system to attend the upcoming 2021 United Nations Climate Change Conference summit in Glasgow. Shaw's planned trip to the Climate Change conference was criticised by National Party leader Judith Collins and ACT Party leader David Seymour for denying places to homeward bound New Zealanders seeking places in managed isolation.[62][63]
Shaw was not reconfirmed by Green Party delegates in the annual party co-leadership confirmation in July 2022, triggering a leadership election.[64] Shaw stated Ardern had confirmed that he would retain his position as Climate Change Minister regardless of any potential change to his leadership.[65] Two days after the confirmation vote, Shaw announced that he would put himself forward to continue in the leadership role.[66] On 10 September, Shaw was re-elected as Green Party co-leader by 142 (97%) of the 145 eligible delegates at the party's annual general meeting.[67][68]
Political views
Shaw believes that the market can be reformed to incorporate sustainability within its normal operations. In an interview with the Aro Valley Valley Voice he put forward his views:
Shaw is one of the new breed of Green MPs who have no problem with leader Russel Norman's statement that the party is 'pro-market'. The fuss around that statement, he says, came from "people who are afraid of the word 'market' because of the switch to a free market economy over the last 30 years" – people, in other words, who don't understand that properly functioning markets can serve the wider good.[7]
On 5 June 2020, Shaw and fellow co-leader Marama Davidson described United States President Donald Trump as racist in response to a question fielded by press gallery journalists in response to the protests triggered by the murder of George Floyd in late May 2020.[69]
Personal life
Shaw and his wife Annabel live in Aro Valley.[7]
Electoral history
Parliamentary elections
2011 election
| General election, 2011: Wellington Central[10] | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Notes: | Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote. | ||||||||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | Party votes | % | ±% | ||
| Labour | Grant Robertson | 18,836 | 49.15 | +6.97 | 10,459 | 26.56 | -8.01 | ||
| National | Paul Foster-Bell | 12,460 | 32.51 | -4.96 | 15,128 | 38.42 | +3.01 | ||
| Green | James Shaw | 5,225 | 13.63 | -1.14 | 10,903 | 27.69 | +7.08 | ||
| ACT | Stephen Whittington | 412 | 1.07 | -1.21 | 462 | 1.17 | -2.78 | ||
| Legalise Cannabis | Michael Appleby | 404 | 1.05 | +0.05 | 161 | 0.41 | +0.15 | ||
| NZ First | Ben Craven | 279 | 0.73 | +0.73 | 1,132 | 2.88 | +1.35 | ||
| Pirate | Gynn Rickerby | 277 | 0.72 | +0.72 | |||||
| New Conservative | Paul Stipkovits | 236 | 0.62 | +0.62 | 270 | 0.69 | +0.69 | ||
| Libertarianz | Reagan Cutting | 69 | 0.18 | -0.01 | 40 | 0.10 | -0.01 | ||
| Alliance | Kelly Buchanan | 52 | 0.14 | +0.14 | 18 | 0.05 | -0.003 | ||
| New Economics | Laurence Boomert | 44 | 0.11 | +0.11 | |||||
| Independent | Puhi Karena | 32 | 0.08 | +0.08 | |||||
| Māori Party | 278 | 0.71 | -0.15 | ||||||
| United Future | 256 | 0.65 | -0.35 | ||||||
| Mana | 250 | 0.63 | +0.63 | ||||||
| Democrats | 15 | 0.04 | +0.03 | ||||||
| Informal votes | 411 | 153 | |||||||
| Total Valid votes | 38,326 | 39,372 | |||||||
| Labour hold | Majority | 6,376 | 16.64 | +11.92 | |||||
Electorate (as at 26 November 2011): 48,316[70]
2014 election
| General election, 2014: Wellington Central[71] | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Notes: | Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote. | ||||||||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | Party votes | % | ±% | ||
| Labour | Grant Robertson | 19,807 | 51.64 | +2.49 | 9,306 | 23.78 | −2.78 | ||
| National | Paul Foster-Bell | 11,540 | 30.09 | −2.42 | 14,689 | 37.54 | −0.88 | ||
| Green | James Shaw | 5,077 | 13.24 | −0.39 | 11,545 | 29.50 | +1.81 | ||
| NZ First | Hugh Barr | 580 | 1.51 | +0.78 | 1,399 | 3.58 | +0.70 | ||
| Legalise Cannabis | Alistair Gregory | 353 | 0.92 | −0.13 | 127 | 0.32 | −0.09 | ||
| New Conservative | Brian Hooper | 307 | 0.80 | +0.18 | 590 | 1.51 | +0.82 | ||
| Internet | Callum Valentine | 217 | 0.57 | +0.57 | |||||
| Independent | Peter Robinson | 90 | 0.23 | +0.23 | |||||
| Democrats | James Knuckey | 57 | 0.15 | +0.15 | 26 | 0.07 | +0.03 | ||
| Independent | Puhi Karena | 52 | 0.14 | +0.06 | |||||
| Internet Mana | 578 | 1.48 | +0.85[a] | ||||||
| Māori Party | 300 | 0.77 | +0.06 | ||||||
| ACT | 274 | 0.70 | −0.47 | ||||||
| United Future | 117 | 0.30 | −0.35 | ||||||
| Civilian | 49 | 0.13 | +0.13 | ||||||
| Ban 1080 | 20 | 0.05 | +0.05 | ||||||
| Focus | 5 | 0.01 | +0.01 | ||||||
| Independent Coalition | 5 | 0.01 | +0.01 | ||||||
| Informal votes | 273 | 101 | |||||||
| Total Valid votes | 38,353 | 39,131 | |||||||
| Turnout | 39,232 | 84.14 | +2.33 | ||||||
| Labour hold | Majority | 8,267 | 21.56 | +4.92 | |||||
2017 election
| General election, 2017: Wellington Central[72] | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Notes: | Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote. | ||||||||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | Party votes | % | ±% | ||
| Labour | Grant Robertson | 20,873 | 49.26 | -2.38 | 16,500 | 38.29 | +14.51 | ||
| National | Nicola Willis | 10,910 | 25.75 | -4.34 | 13,156 | 30.53 | -7.01 | ||
| Green | James Shaw | 6,520 | 15.39 | +2.15 | 9,198 | 21.34 | -8.16 | ||
| Opportunities | Geoff Simmons | 2,892 | 6.82 | — | 2,538 | 5.89 | — | ||
| NZ First | Andy Foster | 797 | 1.88 | +0.37 | 972 | 2.26 | -1.32 | ||
| Independent | Gayaal Iddamalgoda | 161 | 0.38 | — | |||||
| ACT | Michael Warren | 131 | 0.31 | — | 330 | 0.77 | +0.07 | ||
| Independent | Peter Robinson | 71 | 0.17 | -0.11 | |||||
| Independent | Bob Wessex | 19 | 0.04 | — | |||||
| Māori Party | 225 | 0.52 | -0.25 | ||||||
| Legalise Cannabis | 55 | 0.13 | -0.19 | ||||||
| New Conservative | 29 | 0.07 | -1.44 | ||||||
| United Future | 28 | 0.06 | -0.24 | ||||||
| Mana | 14 | 0.03 | -1.45[b] | ||||||
| Ban 1080 | 13 | 0.03 | -0.02 | ||||||
| Outdoors | 11 | 0.03 | — | ||||||
| People's Party | 10 | 0.03 | — | ||||||
| Internet | 9 | 0.02[c] | -1.46 | ||||||
| Democrats | 6 | 0.01 | -0.06 | ||||||
| Informal votes | 194 | 72 | |||||||
| Total Valid votes | 42,374 | 43,094 | |||||||
| Turnout | 43,166 | ||||||||
| Labour hold | Majority | 9,963 | 23.51 | +1.95 | |||||
2020 election
| 2020 general election: Wellington Central[73] | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Notes: | Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote. | ||||||||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | Party votes | % | ±% | ||
| Labour | Grant Robertson | 27,366 | 57.26 | +8 | 20,876 | 43.4 | +5.11 | ||
| National | Nicola Willis | 8,488 | 17.76 | −7.99 | 6,937 | 14.43 | −16.1 | ||
| Green | James Shaw | 8,381 | 17.54 | +2.15 | 14,587 | 30.33 | +8.99 | ||
| Opportunities | Abe Gray | 1,031 | 2.16 | −4.66 | 1,790 | 3.72 | −2.17 | ||
| ACT | Brooke van Velden | 865 | 1.81 | +1.5 | 2,339 | 4.86 | +4.09 | ||
| Legalise Cannabis | Michael George Appleby | 401 | 0.84 | — | 132 | 0.27 | +0.7 | ||
| Independent | Jesse Richardson | 385 | 0.81 | ||||||
| New Conservative | Liam Richfield | 401 | 0.45 | 204 | 0.42 | +0.35 | |||
| Advance NZ | Rose Greally | 108 | 0.23 | 103 | 0.21 | ||||
| ONE | Gina Sunderland | 84 | 0.18 | 56 | 0.12 | ||||
| Outdoors | Bruce Robert | 76 | 0.16 | 27 | 0.06 | +0.03 | |||
| NZ First | 537 | 1.11 | —1.15 | ||||||
| Māori Party | 255 | 0.53 | -0.01 | ||||||
| Sustainable NZ | 32 | 0.07 | |||||||
| Social Credit | 18 | 0.04 | |||||||
| TEA | 12 | 0.02 | |||||||
| Vision NZ | 8 | 0.01 | |||||||
| Heartland | 1 | 0.00 | |||||||
| Informal votes | 47,401 | 47,914 | |||||||
| Total Valid votes | 47,787 | 48,090 | |||||||
| Turnout | 48,090 | 88.97[74] | +2.41 | ||||||
| Labour hold | Majority | 18,878 | 39.5 | +15.99 | |||||
Local elections
1992 Wellington local elections
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Independent | Val Bedingfield | 5,008 | 61.50 | -5.81 | |
| Citizens' | Bryan Weyburne | 3,343 | 41.05 | ||
| Citizens' | Andy Foster | 2,910 | 35.74 | ||
| Green | Sheila Ahern | 2,637 | 32.38 | ||
| Citizens' | Alfie Des Tombe | 2,320 | 28.49 | ||
| Capital Action | Colin Robertson | 1,997 | 24.52 | ||
| Green | James Shaw | 1,820 | 22.35 | ||
| Labour | Frank Mackinnon | 1,788 | 21.96 | ||
| Green | Alexander Ewing | 1,553 | 19.07 | ||
| Capital Action | Ashley Lewis | 1,050 | 12.89 | ||
| Informal votes | 380 | 4.66 | +2.78 | ||
| Registered electors | 16,103 | ||||
Leadership elections
2015 leadership election
| Name | Votes[75] | Percentage | |
|---|---|---|---|
| James Shaw | 69 | 54.33 | |
| Kevin Hague | 56 | 44.09 | |
| Gareth Hughes | 1 | 0.78 | |
| Vernon Tava | 1 | 0.78 |
2021 leadership election
| Candidate | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|
| James Shaw | 116 | 82.85 | |
| James Cockle | 4 | 2.85 | |
| Abstentions | 20 | 14.28 | |
| Majority | 112 | 80.00 | |
| Turnout | 140 | — | |
References
- ^ Davison, Isaac (9 August 2017). "Green Party co-leader Metiria Turei resigns". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 13 August 2017.
Co-leader James Shaw said he will be the sole co-leader for the election.
- ^ a b c Davidson, Isaac (31 May 2015). "'More like modern NZ' says new co-leader". The New Zealand Herald. from the original on 21 September 2021. Retrieved 1 June 2015.
- ^ van der Zwan, Sebastian (25 July 2017). "Green Party's James Shaw opens up about how his two mums supported his political dreams". Woman's Day. Are Media. from the original on 19 October 2021.
- ^ a b c Bly, Ross (1992). City of Wellington: Local Body Elections, 1992 (Report). Wellington City Council.
- ^ Tyler, Sue (11 September 2014). . Wellintonista. Archived from the original on 23 September 2014. Retrieved 21 September 2014.
- ^ "Hon James Shaw". New Zealand Government. Retrieved 10 September 2022.
- ^ a b c d "Shaw plans to be "MP for Aro"". Valley Voice. Wellington. September 2014. pp. 1, 3.
- ^ Zhang, Sherry (27 August 2020). "Seven MPs who got their start in youth wings – and one who didn't". The Spinoff. Retrieved 29 August 2020.
- ^ a b Davison, Isaac (18 March 2014). "Green's draft list favours youth, and poll shows more will win seats". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 18 March 2014.
- ^ a b "Official Count Results – Wellington Central". Electoral Commission. 10 December 2011.
- ^ . Green Party. Archived from the original on 26 June 2014. Retrieved 29 May 2011.
- ^ Edwards, Bryce (17 March 2014). "Bryce Edwards: NZ First vs the Greens". The New Zealand Herald.
- ^ "Wellington's Labour MPs (and Dunne) all re-elected, but party vote goes to National". Scoop.co.nz. 21 September 2014. Retrieved 21 September 2014.
- ^ a b "2017 General Election – Official Result". New Zealand Electoral Commission. Retrieved 7 October 2017.
- ^ . Electoral Commission. Archived from the original on 7 November 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
- ^ "Shaw, James - New Zealand Parliament". www.parliament.nz. Retrieved 24 July 2022.
- ^ "Green Party co-leader Russel Norman resigns". Stuff.co.nz. 30 January 2015. Retrieved 30 January 2015.
- ^ "James Shaw named Greens new co-leader". The New Zealand Herald. 30 May 2015. Retrieved 30 May 2015.
- ^ Napier, Henry (10 May 2015). "James Shaw Interview". Critic. Retrieved 31 May 2015.
- ^ "Call for consensus on climate change". Radio New Zealand. 31 May 2015. Retrieved 31 May 2015.
- ^ "Greens 'thrilled' with Vanity Fair-style shoot". NZ Herald. Retrieved 24 July 2022.
- ^ a b "Turei admits she lied to keep benefit". NZ Herald. Retrieved 24 July 2022.
- ^ "Greens' Turei reveals struggles at family policy launch". RNZ. 16 July 2017. Retrieved 24 July 2022.
- ^ "Turei admits enrolling to vote at different address in 1990s". RNZ. 3 August 2017. Retrieved 24 July 2022.
- ^ "Timeline: Green Party co-leader Metiria Turei's downfall". RNZ. 9 August 2017. Retrieved 24 July 2022.
- ^ "Greens election slogan: 'Love New Zealand' new but old". The New Zealand Herald. 13 August 2017. Retrieved 13 August 2017.
- ^ Jones, Nicholas (10 September 2017). "Greens leader James Shaw announces Kiwi Climate Fund". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 9 October 2017.
- ^ Davison, Isaac (24 September 2017). "Green Party leader James Shaw rules out contacting National". New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 28 September 2017.
- ^ Phipps, Claire (19 October 2017). "Jacinda Ardern is next prime minister of New Zealand, Winston Peters confirms – as it happened". The Guardian. Retrieved 14 March 2019.
- ^ Ainge Roy, Eleanor. "Jacinda Ardern to be New Zealand's next PM after Labour coalition deal". The Guardian. Retrieved 20 October 2017.
- ^ "Ministerial List". Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet. Retrieved 26 October 2017.
- ^ "Tensions in Parliament as James Shaw and Nick Smith clash over 'shambles' of a 2018 Census". 1 News. 24 July 2018. Retrieved 1 March 2019.
- ^ Paul, James (2 March 2018). "Statistics Minister James Shaw delivers census to Wellington retirement village". Stuff. Retrieved 1 March 2019.
- ^ Young, Audrey (11 April 2018). "Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern bans new offshore oil and gas exploration in New Zealand". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 11 April 2018.
- ^ Shaw, James. "Oil and gas decision historic day for New Zealand". Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand. Retrieved 28 February 2019.
- ^ Small, Zane (1 March 2019). "Climate Change Minister James Shaw spent most on international travel". Newshub. Retrieved 1 March 2019.
- ^ "Members of the Executive Expenses From 1 October – 31 December 2018" (PDF). Department of Internal Affairs. Retrieved 1 March 2019.
- ^ Bennett, Lucy (1 March 2019). "MPs' travel expenses released". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 1 March 2019.
- ^ Patterson, Jane (14 March 2019). "Green Party co-leader James Shaw attacked while walking to work". Radio New Zealand. Retrieved 14 March 2019.
- ^ Cooke, Henry (14 March 2019). "Green Party co-leader James Shaw attacked: 'It looks worse than it is'". Stuff. Retrieved 14 March 2019.
- ^ "Green Party co-leader James Shaw punched in unprovoked attack". The New Zealand Herald. 14 March 2019. Retrieved 14 March 2019.
- ^ Ainge Roy, Eleanor (14 March 2019). "New Zealand in shock after climate change minister attacked on way to parliament". The Guardian. Retrieved 14 March 2019.
- ^ Longley, Mark; Ensor, Jamie (15 March 2019). . Newshub. Archived from the original on 15 March 2019. Retrieved 15 March 2019.
- ^ . Radio New Zealand. 15 March 2019. Archived from the original on 15 March 2019. Retrieved 15 March 2019.
- ^ Rt Hon Jacinda Ardern (8 May 2019). "Landmark climate change bill goes to Parliament". New Zealand Government. Retrieved 20 May 2019.
- ^ Tyson, Jessica (22 May 2019). "Zero Carbon Bill passes first reading". Māori Television. Retrieved 22 May 2019.
- ^ Cooke, Henry (21 May 2019). "National supports climate change bill through first reading". Stuff. Retrieved 22 May 2019.
- ^ McCulloch, Craig (27 August 2020). "Critics pile on Green private school funding boost". Radio New Zealand. from the original on 27 August 2020. Retrieved 27 August 2020.
- ^ Coughlan, Thomas (27 August 2020). "Greens caught bending party policy to grant $11.7m to private school in Taranaki". Stuff. from the original on 27 August 2020. Retrieved 27 August 2020.
- ^ Collins, Benedict (27 August 2020). "Widespread dismay at Government funding for elite Green School". 1 News. from the original on 27 August 2020. Retrieved 27 August 2020.
- ^ "Green co-leader James Shaw refused to sign-off on $3bn of infrastructure projects unless Green School was included". Newshub. 1 September 2020. from the original on 1 September 2020. Retrieved 1 September 2020.
- ^ "Green Party co-leader James Shaw apologises for 'error of judgement' over Green School funding". Radio New Zealand. 1 September 2020. from the original on 1 September 2020. Retrieved 1 September 2020.
- ^ Coughlan, Thomas (1 September 2020). "James Shaw calls Green School funding 'an error of judgment' as he searches for a solution". Stuff. from the original on 1 September 2020. Retrieved 1 September 2020.
- ^ Young, Audrey (3 September 2020). "Election 2020: Chris Hipkins disputes James Shaw's version of their conversation". New Zealand Herald. from the original on 3 September 2020. Retrieved 3 September 2020.
- ^ Coster, Deena; Harvey, Helen. "Taranaki principals happy Green School funding will be 100 per cent loan". Taranaki Daily News. Stuff. from the original on 2 November 2020. Retrieved 2 November 2020.
- ^ "Green school's $11.7 million grant now a 100 per cent Government loan". 1 News. 2 November 2020. from the original on 2 November 2020. Retrieved 2 November 2020.
- ^ "Election 2020: Green Party votes to be part of next Government with Labour". Stuff. 31 October 2020. from the original on 2 November 2020. Retrieved 31 October 2020.
- ^ "Greens accept Labour's offer for 'cooperation agreement'". Radio New Zealand. 31 October 2020. from the original on 31 October 2020. Retrieved 31 October 2020.
- ^ "Ministerial List for Announcement on Monday" (PDF). Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet. 2 November 2020. (PDF) from the original on 3 November 2020. Retrieved 4 November 2020.
- ^ Scotcher, Katie (6 July 2021). "Green Party leadership challenge: James Shaw vs James Cockle". Radio New Zealand. from the original on 8 August 2021. Retrieved 8 August 2021.
- ^ "Greens co-leader James Shaw easily beats off challenge". Stuff. 7 August 2021. from the original on 8 August 2021. Retrieved 8 August 2021.
- ^ Wade, Amelia (22 September 2021). "Jacinda Ardern grants James Shaw and entourage MIQ spots for UK climate conference". Newshub. from the original on 22 September 2021. Retrieved 22 September 2021.
- ^ Cooke, Henry (21 September 2021). "Covid-19 NZ: MIQ space allocated for James Shaw and eight others to attend Climate summit". Stuff. from the original on 22 September 2021. Retrieved 22 September 2021.
- ^ Watkins, Tracy; Galuszka, Jono (23 July 2022). "Surprised James Shaw not reconfirmed as Green Party co-leader, nominations to be reopened". Stuff. from the original on 25 July 2022. Retrieved 23 July 2022.
- ^ McCulloch, Craig (23 July 2022). "Green Party's James Shaw to face leadership challenge". Radio New Zealand. from the original on 25 July 2022. Retrieved 24 July 2022.
- ^ Malpass, Luke; Manch, Thomas (25 July 2022). "James Shaw confirms he will recontest Greens co-leadership". Stuff. from the original on 26 July 2022. Retrieved 25 July 2022.
- ^ Coughlan, Thomas (10 September 2022). "James Shaw re-elected Green co-leader six weeks after ouster". The New Zealand Herald. from the original on 11 September 2022. Retrieved 10 September 2022.
- ^ Scocher, Katie (10 September 2022). "James Shaw re-elected as Green Party co-leader by delegates". Radio New Zealand. from the original on 11 September 2022. Retrieved 10 September 2022.
- ^ Roy, Eleanor (5 June 2020). . The Guardian. Archived from the original on 5 June 2020. Retrieved 5 June 2020.
- ^ . Electoral Commission. 26 November 2011. Archived from the original on 10 November 2011. Retrieved 17 December 2011.
- ^ "Official Count Results (2014) – Wellington Central". Electoral Commission. 10 October 2014.
- ^ "Official Count Results (2017) – Wellington Central". Electoral Commission. 7 October 2017.
- ^ "Official Count Results (2020) – Wellington Central". Electoral Commission. 17 October 2020.
- ^ "Voter turnout statistics for the 2020 General Election | Elections". elections.nz.
- ^ "James Shaw elected new Green Party male Co-leader | Scoop News".
- ^ 2014 Internet Mana swing is relative to the votes for Mana in 2011; it shared a party list with Internet in the 2014 election.
- ^ 2017 Mana Party swing is relative to the votes for Internet-Mana in 2014; it shared a party list with the Internet Party in the 2014 election
- ^ 2017 Internet Party swing is relative to the votes for Internet-Mana in 2014; it shared a party list with Mana Party in the 2014 election
External links
- Profile at the Green Party
- Profile at New Zealand Parliament website
- Interview with James Shaw by Claire Browning