Jacques Tourneur
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Jacques Tourneur (French: [tuʁnœʁ]; November 12, 1904 – December 19, 1977) was a French film director known for the classic film noir Out of the Past and a series of low-budget horror films he made for RKO Radio Pictures by Val Lewton, including Cat People, I Walked with a Zombie, and The Leopard Man. He is also known for directing Night of the Demon, which was released by Columbia Pictures. While in Hollywood, he was usually addressed by his anglicized name "Jack Turner", a literal and phonetic translation of his name in English.
Jacques Tourneur | |
|---|---|
Tourneur on set of Canyon Passage, 1946[1] | |
| Born | November 12, 1904 Paris, France |
| Died | December 19, 1977 (aged 73) Bergerac, France |
| Occupation | Film director |
| Years active | 1929–1965 |
| Parent |
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Life edit
Born in Paris, France, Tourneur was the son of Fernande Petit and film director Maurice Tourneur.[2] At age 10, Jacques moved to the United States with his father.[2] He started a career in cinema while still attending high school as an extra and later as a script clerk in various silent films. Both Maurice and Jacques returned to France after his father worked on the film The Mysterious Island in 1925.[2] Tourneur died in 1977, aged 73, in Bergerac, Dordogne, France.
Career edit
Tourneur began work as an editor and assistant director. He made his debut as a director on the French film Tout ça ne vaut pas l'amour in 1931.[2] Tourneur went to Hollywood in 1934 where he had a contract with MGM Studios. While working as the second unit director on the film A Tale of Two Cities he met film producer Val Lewton.[2]
Tourneur made his feature debut as director in the 1939 film They All Come Out. After Tourneur was dropped by MGM in 1941, he was picked up by Lewton to film several acclaimed low-budget horror films for RKO Studios including Cat People and I Walked with a Zombie.[2]
Cat People, although considered a B movie and made on a limited budget, was distinguished by a style of lighting and cinematography that has been imitated countless times. Tourneur was promoted to the A-list at RKO, directing films including Out of the Past and Berlin Express.[2] In the 1950s, Tourneur became a freelance director, filming various genre films including Wichita, Anne of the Indies, Way of a Gaucho, Nightfall, The Flame and the Arrow, Stars In My Crown and Night of the Demon.[2] His last two films, made for American International Pictures and starring Vincent Price, were The Comedy of Terrors (1963) and War-Gods of the Deep (1965).[2]
After his final days working for film, Tourneur began directing television episodes. Tourneur filmed episodes of The Barbara Stanwyck Show, Bonanza, The Twilight Zone, and The Alaskans. Tourneur's final director credit was for an episode of T.H.E. Cat in 1966. Tourneur then retired and returned to France.[2]
Filmography edit
Director edit
Feature films
- All That's Not Worth Love (1931, French)
- Toto (1933, French)
- To Be Loved (1933, French)
- The Concierge's Daughters (1934, French)
- They All Come Out (1939)
- Nick Carter, Master Detective (1939)
- Phantom Raiders (1940)
- Doctors Don't Tell (1941)
- Cat People (1942)
- I Walked with a Zombie (1943)
- The Leopard Man (1943)
- Days of Glory (1944)
- Experiment Perilous (1944)
- Canyon Passage (1946)
- Out of the Past (1947)
- Berlin Express (1948)
- Easy Living (1949)
- Stars In My Crown (1950)
- The Flame and the Arrow (1950)
- Circle of Danger (1951)
- Anne of the Indies (1951)
- Way of a Gaucho (1952)
- Appointment in Honduras (1953)
- Stranger on Horseback (1955)
- Wichita (1955)
- Great Day in the Morning (1956)
- Nightfall (1956)
- Night of the Demon (1957)
- The Fearmakers (1958)
- Timbuktu (1959)
- Frontier Rangers (1959)
- Giant of Marathon (1959)
- The Comedy of Terrors (1964)
- War-Gods of the Deep (1965)
Short films
- 1936 – The Jonker Diamond
- 1936 – Harnessed Rhythm
- 1936 – Master Will Shakespeare
- 1936 – Killer Dog
- 1937 – The Grand Bounce
- 1937 – The Boss Didn't Say Good Morning
- 1937 – The King Without a Crown
- 1937 – The Rainbow Pass
- 1937 – Romance of Radium
- 1937 – The Man in the Barn
- 1937 – What Do You Think?
- 1938 – What Do You Think? (Number Three)
- 1938 – The Ship That Died
- 1938 – The Face Behind the Mask
- 1938 – What Do You Think?: Tupapaoo
- 1938 – Strange Glory
- 1938 – Think It Over
- 1939 – Yankee Doodle Goes to Town
- 1942 – The Incredible Stranger
- 1942 – The Magic Alphabet
- 1944 – Reward Unlimited
TV edit
- 1955-1961 : General Electric Theater, 4 episodes
- 1955 : The Martyr
- 1955 : Into the Night
- 1960 : Aftermath
- 1961 : Star Witness: The Lili Parrish Story
- 1956 : The Jane Wyman Show, 3 episodes
- 1956 : A Hero Returns
- 1956 : Kirsti
- 1956 : The Mirror
- 1957 : Schlitz Playhouse of Stars, 1 episode
- 1957 : Outlaw's Boots
- 1957 : The Walter Winchell File, 3 episodes
- 1957 : The Steep Hill
- 1958 : House on Biscayne Bay
- 1958 : The Stopover
- 1958 : Cool and Lam, CBS Productions
- 1958 : Northwest Passage, 8 episodes
- 1958 : The Gunsmith
- 1958 : The Burning Village
- 1958 : The Bond Women
- 1959 : The Break Out
- 1959 : The Vulture
- 1959 : The Traitor
- 1959 : The Assassin
- 1959 : The Hostage
- 1959 : Bonanza, 1 episode
- 1960 : Denver McKee
- 1959 : The Alaskans, 1 episode
- 1960 : The Devil Makers
- 1960 : The Barbara Stanwyck Show, 11 episodes
- 1960 : The Mink Coat
- 1960 : Ironbark's Bridge
- 1960 : The Miraculous Journey of Tadpole Chan
- 1961 : Frightened Doll
- 1961 : The Choice
- 1961 : Sign of the Zodiac
- 1961 : Adventure on Happiness Street
- 1961 : The Golden Acres
- 1961 : Confession
- 1961 : Dragon by the Tail
- 1961 : Dear Charlie
- 1962 : Adventures in Paradise, 1 episode
- 1962 : A Bride for the Captain
- 1962 : Follow the Sun, 1 episode
- Sergeant Kolchak Fades Away
- 1963 : The Twilight Zone, 1 episode
- 1963 : Night Call
- 1966 : T.H.E. Cat, 1 episode
- 1966 : The Ring of Anasis
Assistant director or editor edit
- 1929 : Le Navire des hommes perdus (Das schiff der verlorenen menschen), directed by Maurice Tourneur
- 1930 : Accusée, Levez vous, directed by Maurice Tourneur
- 1931 : Maison de danses, directed by Maurice Tourneur
- 1931 : Partir, directed by Maurice Tourneur
- 1932 : Au nom de la Loi, directed by Maurice Tourneur
- 1932 : Les Gaités de l'escadron, directed by Maurice Tourneur (Editor)
- 1933 : Les Deux Orphelines, directed by Maurice Tourneur (Editor)
- 1993 : Lidoire, directed by Maurice Tourneur.
- 1933 : Obsession, directed by Maurice Tourneur (uncredited)
- 1933 : La Fusée, directed by Jacques Natanson (Editor)
- 1933 : Le Voleur, directed by Maurice Tourneur
- 1934 : Rothchild, directed by Maurice Tourneur (Editor)
- 1935 : A Tale of Two Cities, directed by Jack Conway, war sequences, (séquence de la prise de la Bastille).
Posterity edit
La Mort en direct (1980), film by Bertrand Tavernier is dedicated to deceased film director Jacques Tourneur
”There are films that watch us grow old ” Serge Daney. Quoted by Serge Le Péron in (Jacques Tourneur Le Médium), film by Alain Mazars, 2015.
By naming the main character Jessica Holland in his film Memoria (2021),[3] Apichatpong Weerasethakul pays tribute to Jacques Tourneur’s film I Walked with a Zombie.
References edit
Bibliography
- Earnshaw, Tony (2004). Beating the Devil: The Making of Night of the Demon. Tomahawk Press. ISBN 0-9531926-1-X.
- Tourneur, Jacques (2016). "Cine Regards". Cat People (Blu-ray). The Criterion Collection. ISBN 978-1-68143-201-4. CC2674BD.
- Jacques Tourneur, The Cinema of Nightfall, Chris Fujiwara, The Johns Hopkins University press 2007.
Further reading edit
- Young, Gwenda (2001) 'Shadows: Jacques Tourneur's Cinema of Ambiguity'. Film Ireland, 83 (*):47–51.
- Young, Gwenda (1999) 'Jacques Tourneur's World War II Films: From Unity to Chaos'. Popular Culture Review, 10 (2):55–65.
- Young, Gwenda (1998) 'The Cinema of Difference: Jacques Tourneur, Race and I Walked with a Zombie (1943)'. ''Irish Journal of American Studies, 7:101–121.