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Gendarmerie Intelligence Organization

October 17, 2023

Jandarma İstihbarat ve Terörle Mücadele or Jandarma İstihbarat Teşkilatı (abbr. JİTEM or JİT; English: "Gendarmerie Intelligence and Counter-Terrorism" or "Gendarmerie Intelligence Organization") is the intelligence department of the Turkish Gendarmerie. JİTEM was active in the Kurdish–Turkish conflict.[1] After the Susurluk scandal, former prime ministers Bülent Ecevit[2] and Mesut Yılmaz[3] have confirmed the existence of JİTEM.

According to Murat Belge of Istanbul Bilgi University, who has reported that he was tortured in 1971 by its founder, Veli Küçük,[4] JİTEM is an embodiment of the deep state. In other words, it is used by "the Establishment" to enforce alleged national interests.[5] It is also said to be the military wing of Ergenekon, an underground Turkish nationalist organization.[6][7] In 2008, long-maintained official denials of JİTEM's existence started collapsing in the courts, as ex-members of Turkey's "deep state" security apparatus testify to their participation in covert and illegal activities over the last few decades as part of the ongoing Ergenekon investigation.[8]

History Edit

Background Edit

Main article: Counter-Guerrilla

The unit was officially founded in 2005, but its unofficial history goes back to the 1980s. Its roots lie further back with the Counter-Guerrilla: JİTEM used Counter-Guerrilla methods and possibly equipment, and key figures had been involved with the Counter-Guerrilla. For example, Murat Belge of Istanbul Bilgi University says he was tortured in 1971 by a key JİTEM figure, Veli Küçük.[4]

Unofficial (1980s–2005) Edit

JİTEM was active in the Kurdish–Turkish conflict.[1]

It has repeatedly been claimed that JİTEM was dissolved. One of the first was Prime Minister Mesut Yılmaz. He stated on 22 January 1998 on the Arena program on Kanal D hosted by Uğur Dündar that JİTEM did not exist any longer.[9] When İsmail Hakkı Karadayı assumed the role of chief of general staff, (30 August 1994 – 30 August 1998), news stating the dissolution of JİTEM were leaked to the press.[10] The last declaration about JİTEM's dissolution came in 2004 from the former Commander of the Gendarmerie in the State of Emergency Region (Olağanüstü Hal, OHAL), retired Lieutenant- General Altay Tokat. Tokat stated in his interview with the newspaper Zaman that JİTEM was a “public disclosure of an intelligence unit that fought against the PKK in the OHAL region” and that it had “fulfilled its role and was dissolved".[11]

The former chair of Diyarbakır Bar Association, Sezgin Tanrıkulu, however claims that JİTEM was not dissolved, but the cadres were not active at the moment.[12]

Official (2005–present) Edit

JİTEM was made a legal entity through Article 5 of the Law 2803 on the Establishment, Duties and Jurisdiction of Gendarmerie[9][13] and Article 4 of the Law Concerning the Transfer of Our Borders, Coasts and Territorial Waters' Protection and Anti-Smuggling Activities to the Ministry of Internal Affairs No. 6815.[9]

The gendarmerie intelligence, previously known as JİTEM or JİT, finally gained legal status with the Law Concerning Amendments to Some Laws No. 5397, accepted on 3 July 2005, effective since 23 July 2005 thus becoming the Gendarmerie Intelligence Department within the General Command of Gendarmerie. This law authorised the gendarmerie to carry out technical stakeouts.[9][14]

Investigation history Edit

1993–1996 Edit

The first person to write about JİTEM was journalist Ayşe Önal for the Ateş newspaper on 2 July 1994. Önal had learned about it from Veli Küçük after being introduced to him through MIT spy and fellow journalist, Tuncay Güney. Önal and Küçük's meeting did not go well, and Önal vowed to write about it. She followed through, and was promptly fired, along with nineteen of her coworkers.[15]

Findings about JİTEM and Ersever were also published by researchers and journalists.[9] One of the first and most detailed of these was by Soner Yalçın. Yalçın managed to interview Cem Ersever, subsequently publishing the interviews in his book Binbaşı Ersever'in İtirafları ("Confessions of Major Ersever").[9]

Susurluk scandal Edit

Main article: Susurluk scandal

JİTEM was subjected to parliamentary scrutiny during the Susurluk scandal, when commanders in the Gendarmerie repeatedly denied the existence of an overarching intelligence organization within the Gendarmerie.[16][17] Susurluk commission member Fikri Sağlar said that the commanders denied its existence because the Gendarmerie formally acquired the legal capacity to conduct intelligence operations in 2005 (with Law 5397). The author of the Prime Ministry Inspection Board report, Kutlu Savaş, said JİTEM was created on Gendarmerie Commander Hulusi Sayın's watch (1981–1985).[18][19] The Parliamentary Investigation Committee's report on Unsolved Political Murders in Various Regions of Our Country (10/90) dated 12 October 1995 and the summary by Istanbul National Security Court General Prosecutor dated 30 January 1997 are also worthy of consideration.[9]

Investigations into the 1996 Susurluk scandal revealed some role for JİTEM. Former prime ministers Bülent Ecevit,[2] and Mesut Yılmaz[3] accepted the existence of JİTEM.

Seven months after the release of the Susurluk Report, a book entitled: Cem Ersever ve JİTEM Gerçeği ("Cem Ersever and the JİTEM Fact"), written by journalist Çetin Ağaşe, a friend of the Ersever family, was published. The appendix of the book contains documents such as the 1994 phone directory of the General Command of Gendarmerie, which contained the numbers of the JİTEM Group Commander and JİTEM units in each city.[9] This was further proof of JİTEM's official existence and of Ersever's position within the chain of command.

Abdülkadir Aygan Edit

Revelations have recently come from an informant named Abdülkadir Aygan (a former PKK member recruited by JİTEM,[20] now a political refugee in Sweden[21]) that it was founded by retired general Veli Küçük, who is currently arrested in the Ergenekon investigations.[22] Other people allegedly involved in its founding are Ahmet Cem Ersever, Arif Doğan,[23][24] Hasan Kundakçı, Hüseyin Kara, Hulusi Sayın and Aytekin Özen, according to Aygan. Küçük confirmed Aygan's allegations about his cofounding the organization.[25]

Arif Doğan Edit

After being taken into custody, Arif Doğan admitted to being a founder of the organization, originally known as the Intelligence Group Command (Turkish: İstihbarat Grup Komutanlığı), and that in 1990 he handed the reins to Veli Küçük.[26] In 2005 he had denied the very existence of such an organization.[27] After his release from prison[28] Arif Doğan spoke to journalists of the news channel Habertürk TV in September 2010 and said that he alone had founded JİTEM and had "frozen" it in 1990.[29] Concerning the structure of JİTEM Colonel Arif Doğan said: "My staff was 10,000, including 620 women. They participated in operations and got 3,000 Lira for each head."[29]

According to figures of the Justice Ministry about 1,950 PKK militants became confessors after arrest.[30] Unofficial figures put the number of confessors that were used and paid in the fight against the PKK at 500.[30]

Modus Operandi Edit

Among the alleged members are ex-PKK-operatives (Turkish: İtirafçı), besides non-commissioned officers and a few officers of the Gendarmerie. While Aygan listed several units as part of JİTEM such as[31] the Gendarmerie General Command, the Intelligence Command, the Joint Group Command, the Regional Group Commands (of which there are seven), the Team Commands and small clandestine cells[32] the lawyer Tahir Elçi, who is acting on behalf of victims of JİTEM said:
"It is not possible to completely know the organizational structure of JİTEM; but it is understood that it was organized within the Gendarmerie, the centre being in Ankara and having group commands mostly in the South-East within the Regimental Commands of the provinces. They took their orders from the centre in Ankara and conducted three folded activities: gather intelligence, interrogate and carry out operations."[33]

JİTEM carried out its activities using the "staff system" (eleman sistemi) and technical stakeout approaches. The information gathered was analysed, became intelligence and submitted to the Intelligence Group Command. Every report was assembled by the Intelligence Group Command and operation teams were dispatched accordingly.[9]

Actions Edit

Fight against PKK Edit

JİTEM was founded to counter the guerilla tactics of the PKK, but its units never directly clashed with armed groups of the PKK in the rural areas.[34] They made use of PKK confessors(itirafçı) to kill PKK adherents, raid villages in guerilla dressing, detain, torture or make people "disappear".[35] Intelligence units did not have the necessary mechanisms in place to fight the PKK in open country. The inefficiency in the intelligence network made it impossible for land forces to perform specific operations, to prevent terror raids and to develop a strategy against PKK front activities.[9]

The spokesperson of the Movement of Kurdish Democrats Ahmet Acar alleged that JİTEM fomented infighting in the PKK, while ensuring the perpetuation of both of the PKK, and by extension, itself.[36] Kurdish-Turkish politician Abdülmelik Fırat maintained that JİTEM is connected to the PKK, while fighting it at the same time.[37]

Political killings Edit

Numerous people who claim to be or are purported to be JİTEM operatives have been accused of crimes such as kidnapping, intimidation, and extra-judicial killings of PKK members. Former JİTEM operative Aygan estimated that 80% of these killings were done by JİTEM.[7][25] JİTEM interrogators are especially brutal since they belong to an organization that ostensibly does not exist, and hence they are not accountable. Aygan says that detainees are invariably killed.[32] He provided about 30 names of victims.[9][38][39][40]

Tuncay Güney, a former spy for the National Intelligence Organization who infiltrated JİTEM, alleged that Veli Küçük's men, working for JİTEM, killed people using acid and buried the corpses in wells belonging to the state-owned Turkish Pipeline Corporation, BOTAŞ.[41] Some have responded to the Şırnak Bar's request for witnesses and families of victims to step forward.[42] Ergenekon defendant Levent Ersöz has also been named in connection with the incidents, in Silopi.[43]

There are no clear figures on the number of political killings in South-East Anatolia. According to intelligence units, 1550 unsolved murders were committed between 1990 and 2000 although the PKK claims that the accurate number exceeds 2000.[9] The Human Rights Association estimates that between 1989 and 2008 JİTEM was involved in 5000 unsolved killings of journalists, human rights defenders, intellectuals and political activists and was responsible for 1,500 cases of "disappearances".[44] Former chair of Diyarbakır Bar Association Sezgin Tanrıkulu put the figures above 4,000, close to 5,000. He stated that one JİTEM operative, Ibrahim Babat, alone had been charged with 61 killings.[45] In a documentary by Mehmet Hatman the figure of 4653 unsolved political killings between 1991 and 2000 was mentioned.[46]

High profile killings Edit

Some murders received a lot of press coverage.

Vedat Aydın Edit

Vedat Aydın, the Diyarbakır branch chairman of the now-defunct People's Labor Party (HEP), was found dead on a road near Malatya on 7 July 1991, two days after armed men had taken him from his home in Diyarbakir. The widow Sükran Aydın thinks her husband's murder was a turning point and that there was a sudden increase in the number of unsolved murders in the country's Southeast following his death. She believes that a clandestine unit within the gendarmerie was responsible for the murder.[47] Only 18 years after the killing the public prosecutor in Diyarbakir opened a file seeking the detention of nine JİTEM members including the Major Aytekin Özen.[48]

Musa Anter Edit

Aygan said he had been part of a unit, alongside Cem Ersever and Arif Doğan, which had assassinated 72-year-old Kurdish writer Musa Anter in 1992 in Diyarbakır. Turkey was found guilty of this murder in 2006 by the European Convention on Human Rights, which fined Turkey for 28,500 euros.[49]

Ahmet Cem Ersever Edit

Former JİTEM commander Cem Ersever was assassinated in November 1993.[50] Aygan alleges that Arif Doğan and Veli Küçük's superiors in Ankara ordered the assassination in order to take control of JİTEM from Ersever.[31]

Drugs and weapons trafficking Edit

JİTEM's chief, Arif Doğan, was tried in the frame of the Yüksekova Gang (aka "the gang with uniforms"). According to Today's Zaman, the "Yüksekova Gang was an illegal organization formed in the Yüksekova district of Hakkari, headed by three high-ranking military personnel and various politicians that smuggled drugs and weapons."[49] Its activities were first revealed in 1996, in the aftermath of the Susurluk scandal. Its activities "are only one part of the JİTEM activities" that have been sent to the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR). All of the local court prison sentences concerning the Yüksekova Gang were cancelled by the High Court of Appeals of Turkey, leading the ECHR to fine Turkey 103,000 Euro for its decisions about the Yüksekova Gang.[49]

Relying on a document as an attachment to the indictment in the Ergenekon case Fırat News Agency presented background on smuggling of JİTEM staff between 1981 and 1990. Details were mentioned on arms trafficking, drug smuggling, and cross border trafficking of electronic devices.[51]

Court cases with JİTEM involvement Edit

İlhan Cihaner, prosecutor in İdil (Şırnak province) was the first to point at JİTEM in an indictment of 1997. He held the defendants including civil servants, İtirafçı confessors and others responsible for killings, bombings and "disappearances". Defendant No. 1 was Ahmet Cem Ersever and defendant No. 2 was Arif Doğan.[52]

An indictment prepared by Diyarbakır Public Prosecutor Mithat Özcan dated 29 March 2005 charged eight PKK İtirafçı confessors, namely Mahmut Yıldırım (aka Yeşil), Abdülkadir Aygan, Muhsin Gül, Fethi Çetin, Kemal Emlük, Saniye Emlük, Yüksel Uğur and Abdülkerim Kırca.[9] These people were suspected of being JİTEM members and were charged with eight unsolved murders, namely the murders of Harbi Arman, Lokman Zuğurli, Zana Zuğurli, Servet Aslan, Şahabettin Latifeci, Ahmet Ceylan, Mehmet Sıddık Etyemez and Abdülkadir Çelikbilek between the years 1992–1994. The case was transferred to a military court.[9] The court case went through different stages. In September 2010 the number of defendants had risen to 15. During the hearing at Diyarbakir Heavy Penal Court No. 6 of 3 September 2010 the defendants Ali Ozansoy and Adil Timurtaş (both confessors) were present for the first time.[53] Earlier the Ministry of Interior had refused to inform the Court of the new names of the defendants.[54]

Mehmet Şerif Avşar was abducted in Diyarbakir on 22 April 1994 and two weeks later found dead. The kidnappers, PKK confessor Mesut Mehmetoğlu and village guards hid in a building reportedly belonging to JİTEM. On 20 March 2001 six defendants were convicted for their involvement in the killing. The case was raised with the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR). The court found a violation of Article 2 of the European Convention of Human Rights.[55]

Abdülkadir Aygan is one of the 11 or 12 defendants charged with having killed Hacı Ahmet Zeyrek (in Silopi 1989), JİTEM staff member Mehmet Bayar (25 June 1990) and Tahsin Sevim, Hasan Utanç and Hasan Caner on 16 September 1989. A criminal court in Diyarbakır ruled in 2006 that the defendants were military personnel and should be tried in a military court.[16]

According to the report of Kutlu Savaş PKK İtirafçı confessor Hayrettin Toka had been involved in many killings of JİTEM. He was apprehended in Karamürsel in December 2005 and taken to Diyarbakir. A judge released him on 16 January 2006. In his testimony Toka stated that he had been imprisoned for 12.5 years.[56]

Şırnak death well trials: on 11 September 2009 Diyarbakır Heavy Penal Court No. 6 started to hear the case of 7 defendants charged with 20 killings that had been committed between 1993 and 1995 when Colonel Cemil Temizöz had been the commander of Cizre Gendarmerie Station in Şırnak province, Cizre district.[57] On 17 September 2010 the 18th hearing was held.[58]

The 2005 Şemdinli incident involved Gendarmerie intelligence personnel and alleged links to JİTEM. Three men were sentenced to 39 years for murder in a grenade attack.

References Edit

  1. ^ a b Ayik, Zeki (1997-01-17). . Turkish Daily News. Archived from the original on 2008-10-09. Alt URL
  2. ^ a b (PDF). Archived from the original on February 5, 2009. Retrieved February 5, 2009.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) (archived from the original October 3, 2008, at the Wayback Machine 2009-02-05), Human Rights Foundation of Turkey, chapter II, "SUSURLUK SCANDAL: Counter-Guerrilla Affairs", p.39-86 (see quotation on p.40): "It seems that some illegal methods were employed within the state during the anti-terrorist struggle. In the report, some military people are mentioned, but the report implies that the army as a whole was not involved in such affairs. I am glad to hear that. If the army had been involved in such affairs, it would have been highly difficult for us to solve the problem. On the other hand, the situation of the Gendarmerie is a bit complex because its affiliation is to both the army and the Ministry of Interior Affairs. That's an outcome of the report. JİTEM seems corrupted."
  3. ^ a b (PDF). Archived from the original on February 5, 2009. Retrieved February 5, 2009.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link), Human Rights Foundation of Turkey, chapter II, "SUSURLUK SCANDAL: Counter-guerilla Affairs", p.46: The report prepared by Prime Ministry Inspection Board Deputy Chairman Kutlu Savaş mentioned JİTEM as involved in gang activities. However, JİTEM is among the "state secrets" of Prime Minister Mesut Yılmaz. Yılmaz accepted the existence of JİTEM but argued that "military officials were not involved and they intervened when they learned about it." Yılmaz carefully tried to relieve military officials, the Gendarmerie's former Commander General Teoman Koman from responsibility. Deputy Prime Minister Bülent Ecevit said, "JİTEM is mentioned in the report. However, the Gendarmerie and JİTEM are not equal to the army."
  4. ^ a b Usul, Safile (2008-09-08). . Gazeteport (in Turkish). Archived from the original on 2008-12-31. Retrieved 2008-12-05.
  5. ^ Düzel, Neşe (2008-01-28). "2009'da kıyamet gibi kan akacaktı". Taraf (in Turkish). Archived from the original on 2013-01-13. Retrieved 2008-08-14. Derin devlet gene askerî bünye içinde oluşuyor ama artık derin devlet MİT değil. Bugün derin devlet JİTEM.
  6. ^ . Sabah. 2008-08-25. Archived from the original on August 28, 2008. Retrieved 2008-08-26. JİTEM, considered to be the ancestor of the Ergenekon organization....
  7. ^ a b Kuseyri, Murat (2008-10-04). "JİTEM Ergenekon'un askeri kanadıdır". Evrensel (in Turkish). Archived from the original on 2013-01-12. Retrieved 2008-10-21.
  8. ^ Jamestown Foundation Turkey's Gendarmerie: Reforming a Frontline Unit in the War on Terrorism, Publication: Terrorism Monitor Volume: 6 Issue: 22, November 25, 2008 by Andrew McGregor
  9. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n The article INTELLIGENCE ACTIVITIES OF THE GENDARMERIE CORPS (JİTEM & JİT) by Ertan Beşe, Assistant Professor, Police Academy, Faculty of Security Sciences can be found in the ALMANAC TURKEY 2005: SECURITY SECTOR AND DEMOCRATIC OVERSIGHT (DCAF) - TESEV (Turkish Economic and Social Studies Foundation) SERIES IN SECURITY SECTOR STUDIES, ALMANAC TURKEY 2005, ISBN 975-8112-79-1 Link to the pdf-file 2011-10-03 at the Wayback Machine pages 172-189
  10. ^ Serhan Yedig, "Bir var bir yok! Hem var hem yok JİTEM" Hürriyet, 21 November 2005.
  11. ^ Tokat Paşa: Suçlular cezalandırılsın, ordu yıpratılmasın 2012-02-29 at the Wayback Machine, Zaman, 29 December 2004.
  12. ^ KILIÇ, Ecevit (2009-01-26). "5 bin kişiyi öldüren JİTEM dağıtılmadı". Sabah (in Turkish). Retrieved 2010-05-23. JİTEM dağıtılmadı. Sadece kadroları aktif değil. Eleman ağı aynen duruyor.
  13. ^ For Article 5 of Law on the Establishment, Duties and Jurisdiction of Gendarmerie No. 2803, see Resmi Gazete (Official Gazette) No. 17985, dated 12 March 1983. "The Organisation of the General Command of Gendarmerie is stated in its own establishment and staff decrees in accordance with the nature of its duties and the principles of the Turkish Armed Forces. The Gendarmerie General Command's establishment, staff and duty stations are regulated by the Ministry of Internal Affairs, in consultation with the General Staff. During times of mobilization and war, squads under the command of military departments are organised with the approval of the General Staff. The organisation and mobilising of gendarmerie squads that are charged with security and public order duties are based on civilian divisions except in inevitable situations. To provide productivity and efficiency of service, organisations that cover more than one province are also considered."
  14. ^ For the Law Concerning Amendments to Some Laws No. 5397 see Resmi Gazete (Official Gazette) dated 23 July 2005 No. 25884.
  15. ^ Önal, Ayşe (2008-07-24). "Veli Küçük beni işten kovdurttu". Yeni Şafak (in Turkish). Retrieved 2008-11-21.
  16. ^ a b "JİTEM vardır!". Milliyet (in Turkish). 2006-02-16. Retrieved 2008-07-25. Jandarma Genel Komutanı Teoman Koman: 'Jandarma teşkilatı içinde JİTEM adında legal ya da illegal bir örgüt kurulmamıştır, yoktur. Ama jandarma dışında bu ismi kullanıp kanunsuz işler yapan bir grup vardır'.
  17. ^ Yedig, Serhan (2005-11-20). "Bir var bir yok. Hem var hem yok JİTEM". Hürriyet (in Turkish). Retrieved 2008-09-05. Aynı dönemde Genelkurmay Başkanı Doğan Güreş, Jandarma Genel Komutanı Teoman Koman başta olmak üzere birçok yetkili 'JİTEM adında bir örgüt hiç olmadı' deyip kamuoyunun ruhuna serin su serpmişti.
  18. ^ Yedig, Serhan (2005-11-20). "Bir var bir yok. Hem var hem yok: JİTEM". Hürriyet (in Turkish). Retrieved 2008-12-25.
  19. ^ Sağlar, Fikri (2008-12-22). "Ergenekon'da kara göründü mü?". Star (in Turkish). Retrieved 2008-12-27. JİTEM yasal bir kuruluş olmadığı için 'yok' demek zorundalar. Aksini söylerlerse hepsi birden suçlu olurlar.
  20. ^ Ünlü, Ferhat (2008-08-25). "Hem PKK'nın hem de JİTEM'in itirafçısı Aygan". Sabah (in Turkish). Retrieved 2008-08-27. Ben hem PKK'nın hem de JİTEM'in itirafçısıyım. Ama hain değilim, kendimi hain hissetmiyorum. Çünkü hainlerin yaptıklarını açıkladım.[dead link]
  21. ^ Okkan assassination linked to JİTEM[permanent dead link], Today's Zaman, 27 August 2008
  22. ^ . Zaman (in Turkish). 2008-01-31. Archived from the original on 2008-10-03. Retrieved 2008-08-19. Ben JİTEM'in kurucusu olarak biliniyorum. Kanunda yeri olan bir birimdir. Bu bende bir meslek hastalığı olarak niteleyebileceğim arşivleme alışkanlığından dolayı bana görev sırasında değişik yerlerden ulaşan belgeleri dosyalayarak muhafaza ettim. Emekli olduktan sonra da bu şekilde gelen belgeleri arşivledim. Beni seven insanlar da bu tür bilgi ve belge akışını bana sağlarlar. Evimde bulunan gizlilik niteliği yüksek olan belgeleri arşivlemem, karakterimin ve alışkanlığımın bir yansımasıdır. Aynı zamanda yazıya dökülen gizli konuşma kayıtları da bunun içinde yer alıyor. Evimde, gündemdeki Ergenekon, Lobi gibi belgelerin orijinal nüshalarının çıkması da arşivleme hastalığımdan kaynaklanmaktadır.
  23. ^ İnci, Fatih (2008-08-19). "JİTEM'ci Albay'dan uyuşturucu servisi!". Yeni Şafak (in Turkish). Retrieved 2008-08-19. Kardeşim ben JİTEM'in kurucusuyum. Bana gramlık uyuşturucunun hesabını soruyorsunuz. Bunları görev icabı ihtayacı olanlara veriyorum. Si....m uyuşturucusunu.
  24. ^ Karapinar, Turker (2008-08-16). "Emekli Albay Doğan: JİTEM'in uygulacısıydım". Milliyet (in Turkish). Retrieved 2008-08-19. Ergenekon'la alakam yoktur. Ergenekon'u soruşturma aşamasında duydum. 21 yıl dağlarda görev yaptım. JİTEM'in de dağlarda uygulayıcısıydım.
  25. ^ a b Duvakli, Melik (2008-01-30). . Zaman. Archived from the original on 2008-06-03. Retrieved 2008-08-11.
  26. ^ Şardan, Tolga; Karapinar, Turker (2008-08-21). "JİTEM'i ben kurdum, Veli Küçük'e devrettim". Milliyet (in Turkish). Retrieved 2008-08-21. 1990'da Jandarma İstihbarat Grup Komutanlığı görevimi kendisine devrettim. Bu sırada yarbay olarak görev yapıyordum. Görev alanımız Türkiye geneliydi. Küçük ise albaydı.
  27. ^ see the daily Hürriyet of 20 November 2005
  28. ^ Arif Doğan was detained in August 2008 (see Weekly report of the HRFT) and released because of illness 11 months later (see the daily Zaman of 30 July 2009 29 February 2012 at the Wayback Machine)
  29. ^ a b Habertürk, 26 September 2010, 'JİTEM'i ben kurdum, ben dondurdum'; accessed on 27 September 2010
  30. ^ a b See the article in Haber Vitrin of 9 February 2009 20 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine; accessed on 27 September 2010
  31. ^ a b Cicek, Nevzat (2008-12-17). "JİTEM tabelası bile vardı". Taraf (in Turkish). Archived from the original on 2013-04-18. Retrieved 2009-01-04. Jandarma Genel Komutanlığı-İstihbarat Başkanlığı-Gruplar Komutanlığı-Grup Komutanlıkları (Bunlar yedi ayrı bölgede konumlanmıştır)-Tim Komutanlıkları-Birimler.
  32. ^ a b Kuseyri, Murat (2008-10-03). "Savcılara hatırlatma". Günlük Evrensel Gazetesi (in Turkish). Archived from the original on 2013-01-12. Retrieved 2008-11-05.
  33. ^ Şık, Ahmet (2009-03-24). "Fırat'ın ötesi: ÖHD, ÖKK, JİTEM, Ergenekon…". Habervesaire (in Turkish). Retrieved 2010-05-22. JİTEM'in örgütsel yapısını tam olarak bilmek mümkün değil. Ama jandarma içinde merkezi Ankara'da, çoğunluğu Güneydoğu'da olmak üzere belli bölgeler de grup komutanlıkları şeklinde örgütlendiği, illerde jandarma alay komutanlıklarının bünyesinde, emirleri doğrudan Ankara'daki merkezden alan, istihbarat, sorgu ve operasyon şeklinde üçlü faaliyet gösteren bir yapı olduğu anlaşılıyor.
  34. ^ Şık, Ahmet (2009-03-24). "Fırat'ın ötesi: ÖHD, ÖKK, JİTEM, Ergenekon…". Habervesaire (in Turkish). Retrieved 2010-05-22. JİTEM sözüm ona PKK'ya karşı 'gayri nizami harp' faaliyetleri yürütmek üzere kuruldu, ama hiçbir zaman doğrudan PKK'nın kırsaldaki silahlı gruplarıyla karşı karşıya gelmedi.
  35. ^ Şık, Ahmet (2009-03-24). "Fırat'ın ötesi: ÖHD, ÖKK, JİTEM, Ergenekon…". Habervesaire (in Turkish). Retrieved 2010-05-22. Örgüt bölgede muhbirlerden yararlanarak PKK yanlısı kişilerin öldürülmesi, gerilla kılığıyla köylere baskın düzenlenmesi, kişilerin gözaltına alınarak işkenceden geçirilmesi veya kaybedilmesi gibi eylemler gerçekleştirdi.
  36. ^ Duvakli, Melik (2009-01-03). "JİTEM behind Anter and Aydın murders, claims Kurdish group". Today's Zaman. Retrieved 2009-01-03. He alleged that jailed PKK leader Abdullah Öcalan told the DTP through his lawyers not to become involved in discussions about Ergenekon.[permanent dead link]
  37. ^ Kilic, Ecevit (2008-11-27). "Anter cinayetinde sadece JİTEM değil PKK da var". Sabah (in Turkish). Retrieved 2009-01-04. Birbirlerine karşıt olduklarına bakmayın, perdenin arkasında sarmaş dolaşlar.
  38. ^ The names given in various publications are: Musa Anter, Vedat Aydın, Musa Toprak, Mehmet Şen, Talat Akyıldız, Zahit Turan, Necati Aydın, Ramazan Keskin, Mehmet Ay, Murat Aslan, İdris Yıldırım, Servet Aslan, Sıddık Yetmez, Edip Aksoy, Ahmet Ceylan, Şahabettin Latifeci, Abdülkadir Çelikbilek, Mehmet Salih Dönen, İhsan Haran, Fethi Yıldırım, Abdülkerim Zoğurlu, Zana Zoğurlu, Melle İzzettin, Hakkı Kaya, Harbi Arman, Fikri Özgen, and Muhsin Göl. Of these, Murat Aslan's remains were found in the place described by Aygan, and a forensic dental and ballistic tests confirmed the identity of the victim. Further details can be found in the 2005 annual report of the Human Rights Foundation of Turkey.
  39. ^ Şık, Ahmet (2005-02-03). . Radikal (in Turkish). Archived from the original on 2009-02-14. Retrieved 2009-01-03.
  40. ^ Ekinci, Burhan (2005-02-02). "İşte İtiraf, İşte Ceset! Sorumlular Nerede?". Bianet (in Turkish). Retrieved 2009-01-03.[permanent dead link]
  41. ^ "'A piece of bone could shed light on Silopi executions'". Today's Zaman. 2008-12-18. Retrieved 2008-12-21.[permanent dead link]
  42. ^ Oktay, Mehmet (2008-12-20). "Family believes four members were executed with acid". Today's Zaman. Retrieved 2008-12-22.[permanent dead link]
  43. ^ . Bugün (in Turkish). Koza İpek Gazetecilik ve Yayıncılık A.Ş. 2008-12-17. Archived from the original on 2008-12-17. Retrieved 2008-12-17.
  44. ^ Mehtap, Söyler (21 September 2009). . Aus Politik und Zeitgeschichte (in German). Berlin. 39. Archived from the original on 4 October 2009. Retrieved 24 May 2009. Der türkische Menschenrechtsverein IHD schätzt, dass der JİTEM zwischen 1989 und 2008 an etwa 5000 unaufgeklärten Morden an Journalisten, Menschenrechtlern, Intellektuellen und politischen Aktivisten beteiligt war und für das Verschwinden von etwa 1500 Personen verantwortlich ist.
  45. ^ KILIÇ, Ecevit (2009-01-26). "5 bin kişiyi öldüren JİTEM dağıtılmadı". Sabah (in Turkish). Retrieved 2010-05-23. İbrahim Babat adlı itirafçı 61 kişiyi öldürmekle yargılandı. * Faili meçhul sayısı kaç? Bu konuda net bir rakam söylemek mümkün değil. JİTEM'in öldürdüğü veya öldürdükten sonra kaybettiği kaç kişi var? 4 binden fazla, 5 bin civarında.
  46. ^ Tuna, Banu (2005-03-20). "4653 faili meçhul belgeseli". Hürriyet (in Turkish). Retrieved 2010-05-24. 4653 rakamına nasıl ulaştınız? - Avrupa İnsan Hakları Mahkemesi'ne giden davalara baktık. Bölge barolarının yaptıkları çalışmaları inceledik. İnsan Hakları Derneği'nin merkez ve Diyarbakır şubelerinin çalışmalarına baktık. Yakınlarını Kaybedenler Derneği'nin istatistiklerinden de yola çıkarak bu rakama ulaştık.
  47. ^ Duvakli, Melik (2009-03-02). "Wife of slain Kurdish politician says husband killed by JİTEM". Today's Zaman. Retrieved 2010-05-24. Şükran Aydın: a clandestine unit within the gendarmerie is responsible for the murder[permanent dead link]
  48. ^ . Taraf (in Turkish). 2009-05-06. Archived from the original on 2011-07-16. Retrieved 2010-05-24. Diyarbakır Özel yetkili Cumhuriyet Başsavcılığı, aralarında Diyarbakır JİTEM eski Grup Komutanı Binbaşı Aytekin Özen'in de bulunduğu altısı itirafçı dokuz JİTEM elemanı hakkında yakalama emri çıkardı.
  49. ^ a b c Duvakli, Melik, JİTEM's illegal actions cost Turkey a fortune 2012-06-06 at the Wayback Machine, Today's Zaman, 27 August 2008.
  50. ^ Ergenekon indictment reopens gendarmerie major's murder case December 5, 2008, at the Wayback Machine, Today's Zaman, 13 August 2008.
  51. ^ . ANF (in Turkish). 2008-08-29. Archived from the original on 2011-07-11. Retrieved 2010-05-25. 1990'lı yıllarda Kürtlerin korkulu rüyası haline gelen JİTEM ekipleri infazların yanısıra makam araçlarıyla uyuşturucu ticareti, silah kaçakçılığı da yaptığına ilişkin bir astsubayın anlattıkları mahkemeye delil olarak sunuldu.
  52. ^ Şık, Ahmet (2009-03-24). "Fırat'ın ötesi: ÖHD, ÖKK, JİTEM, Ergenekon…". Habervesaire (in Turkish). Retrieved 2010-05-22. 1997 yılında müdahil olduğum ve JİTEM görevlilerinin suçlandığı bir davada İdil Savcısı İlhan Cihaner'in fezlekesinde bunu adı konmuştur. Savcının ciddi saptamaları vardır. Savcı fezlekesinde kamu görevlileri, itirafçılar ve başka bazı kişilerin de içinde olduğu ve adam öldürme, bombalama, gözaltında kaybetme gibi suçları işleyen ülke genelinde örgütlü bir suç örgütü var diyor. Bu fezlekenin sanıklarının 1. sırasında yer alan isim Ahmet Cem Ersever'dir ki JİTEM'in kurucusu olduğunu herkes biliyor. Sonra 2. sıradaki sanık, şimdi Ergenekon soruşturmasının tutukluları arasında yer alan ve yine JİTEM'in kurucularından olan Arif Doğan'dır.
  53. ^ Detailed background can be found in http://www.gundem-online.net/haber.asp?haberid=96101[permanent dead link] gündemonline of 3 September 2010; accessed on 27 September 2010
  54. ^ Compare the daily Zaman of 12 May 2010, quoted in the daily reports of the Democratic Turkey Forum; accessed on 27 September 2010
  55. ^ Judgments of the ECtHR can be found at http://www.echr.coe.int/ECHR/EN/hudoc. You can search by the Application no. 25657/94 or CASE OF AVŞAR v. TURKEY
  56. ^ . Radikal (in Turkish). 2006-01-20. Archived from the original on 2012-10-19. Retrieved 2008-07-25. Kutlu Savaş'ın Susurluk Raporu'nda adı geçen ve JİTEM adına çok sayıda faili meçhul cinayete karıştığı öne sürülen PKK itirafçısı Hayrettin Toka, 10 yıl sonra Karamürsel'de yakalandı. Diyarbakır'a getirilen Hayrettin Toka, ifade verdikten sonra serbest bırakıldı.
  57. ^ Hürriyet, 11 September 2009, Albay Temizöz davası başladı; accessed on 27 September 2010
  58. ^ Details on hearings in this case can be found in the daily reports of the Human Rights Foundation of Turkey, backed up by the Democratic Turkey Forum; the relevant dates are: 03-05.04.2010, 08-10.05.2010, 05-07.06.2010, 15.06.2010, 10-12.07.2010 and 07-09.08.2010

Further reading Edit

External links Edit

Two series of articles in pro-Kurdish newspapers:

October 17, 2023
gendarmerie, intelligence, organization, jandarma, istihbarat, terörle, mücadele, jandarma, istihbarat, teşkilatı, abbr, jitem, english, gendarmerie, intelligence, counter, terrorism, intelligence, department, turkish, gendarmerie, jitem, active, kurdish, turk. Jandarma Istihbarat ve Terorle Mucadele or Jandarma Istihbarat Teskilati abbr JITEM or JIT English Gendarmerie Intelligence and Counter Terrorism or Gendarmerie Intelligence Organization is the intelligence department of the Turkish Gendarmerie JITEM was active in the Kurdish Turkish conflict 1 After the Susurluk scandal former prime ministers Bulent Ecevit 2 and Mesut Yilmaz 3 have confirmed the existence of JITEM Jandarma Istihbarat Teskilati JIT Jandarma Istihbarat ve Terorle Mucadele JITEM ActiveLate 1980s present unofficially as JITEM 2005 present officially as JIT CountryTurkeyBranchTurkish GendarmerieTypeIntelligence agencyRoleAgent handlingBlack operationClandestine operationClose quarters combatCounterinsurgencyCountersurveillanceCounterterrorismCovert operationCriminal investigationDirect actionEspionageForce protectionHUMINTISTARLaw enforcementManhuntMilitary intelligenceMountain warfarePatrollingRaidingReconnaissanceSpecial operationsSpecial reconnaissanceSurveillanceTrackingUrban warfare According to Murat Belge of Istanbul Bilgi University who has reported that he was tortured in 1971 by its founder Veli Kucuk 4 JITEM is an embodiment of the deep state In other words it is used by the Establishment to enforce alleged national interests 5 It is also said to be the military wing of Ergenekon an underground Turkish nationalist organization 6 7 In 2008 long maintained official denials of JITEM s existence started collapsing in the courts as ex members of Turkey s deep state security apparatus testify to their participation in covert and illegal activities over the last few decades as part of the ongoing Ergenekon investigation 8 Contents 1 History 1 1 Background 1 2 Unofficial 1980s 2005 1 3 Official 2005 present 2 Investigation history 2 1 1993 1996 2 2 Susurluk scandal 2 3 Abdulkadir Aygan 2 4 Arif Dogan 3 Modus Operandi 4 Actions 4 1 Fight against PKK 4 2 Political killings 4 3 High profile killings 4 3 1 Vedat Aydin 4 3 2 Musa Anter 4 3 3 Ahmet Cem Ersever 4 4 Drugs and weapons trafficking 5 Court cases with JITEM involvement 6 References 7 Further reading 8 External linksHistory EditBackground Edit Main article Counter Guerrilla The unit was officially founded in 2005 but its unofficial history goes back to the 1980s Its roots lie further back with the Counter Guerrilla JITEM used Counter Guerrilla methods and possibly equipment and key figures had been involved with the Counter Guerrilla For example Murat Belge of Istanbul Bilgi University says he was tortured in 1971 by a key JITEM figure Veli Kucuk 4 Unofficial 1980s 2005 Edit JITEM was active in the Kurdish Turkish conflict 1 It has repeatedly been claimed that JITEM was dissolved One of the first was Prime Minister Mesut Yilmaz He stated on 22 January 1998 on the Arena program on Kanal D hosted by Ugur Dundar that JITEM did not exist any longer 9 When Ismail Hakki Karadayi assumed the role of chief of general staff 30 August 1994 30 August 1998 news stating the dissolution of JITEM were leaked to the press 10 The last declaration about JITEM s dissolution came in 2004 from the former Commander of the Gendarmerie in the State of Emergency Region Olaganustu Hal OHAL retired Lieutenant General Altay Tokat Tokat stated in his interview with the newspaper Zaman that JITEM was a public disclosure of an intelligence unit that fought against the PKK in the OHAL region and that it had fulfilled its role and was dissolved 11 The former chair of Diyarbakir Bar Association Sezgin Tanrikulu however claims that JITEM was not dissolved but the cadres were not active at the moment 12 Official 2005 present Edit JITEM was made a legal entity through Article 5 of the Law 2803 on the Establishment Duties and Jurisdiction of Gendarmerie 9 13 and Article 4 of the Law Concerning the Transfer of Our Borders Coasts and Territorial Waters Protection and Anti Smuggling Activities to the Ministry of Internal Affairs No 6815 9 The gendarmerie intelligence previously known as JITEM or JIT finally gained legal status with the Law Concerning Amendments to Some Laws No 5397 accepted on 3 July 2005 effective since 23 July 2005 thus becoming the Gendarmerie Intelligence Department within the General Command of Gendarmerie This law authorised the gendarmerie to carry out technical stakeouts 9 14 Investigation history Edit1993 1996 Edit The first person to write about JITEM was journalist Ayse Onal for the Ates newspaper on 2 July 1994 Onal had learned about it from Veli Kucuk after being introduced to him through MIT spy and fellow journalist Tuncay Guney Onal and Kucuk s meeting did not go well and Onal vowed to write about it She followed through and was promptly fired along with nineteen of her coworkers 15 Findings about JITEM and Ersever were also published by researchers and journalists 9 One of the first and most detailed of these was by Soner Yalcin Yalcin managed to interview Cem Ersever subsequently publishing the interviews in his book Binbasi Ersever in Itiraflari Confessions of Major Ersever 9 Susurluk scandal Edit Main article Susurluk scandal JITEM was subjected to parliamentary scrutiny during the Susurluk scandal when commanders in the Gendarmerie repeatedly denied the existence of an overarching intelligence organization within the Gendarmerie 16 17 Susurluk commission member Fikri Saglar said that the commanders denied its existence because the Gendarmerie formally acquired the legal capacity to conduct intelligence operations in 2005 with Law 5397 The author of the Prime Ministry Inspection Board report Kutlu Savas said JITEM was created on Gendarmerie Commander Hulusi Sayin s watch 1981 1985 18 19 The Parliamentary Investigation Committee s report on Unsolved Political Murders in Various Regions of Our Country 10 90 dated 12 October 1995 and the summary by Istanbul National Security Court General Prosecutor dated 30 January 1997 are also worthy of consideration 9 Investigations into the 1996 Susurluk scandal revealed some role for JITEM Former prime ministers Bulent Ecevit 2 and Mesut Yilmaz 3 accepted the existence of JITEM Seven months after the release of the Susurluk Report a book entitled Cem Ersever ve JITEM Gercegi Cem Ersever and the JITEM Fact written by journalist Cetin Agase a friend of the Ersever family was published The appendix of the book contains documents such as the 1994 phone directory of the General Command of Gendarmerie which contained the numbers of the JITEM Group Commander and JITEM units in each city 9 This was further proof of JITEM s official existence and of Ersever s position within the chain of command Abdulkadir Aygan Edit Revelations have recently come from an informant named Abdulkadir Aygan a former PKK member recruited by JITEM 20 now a political refugee in Sweden 21 that it was founded by retired general Veli Kucuk who is currently arrested in the Ergenekon investigations 22 Other people allegedly involved in its founding are Ahmet Cem Ersever Arif Dogan 23 24 Hasan Kundakci Huseyin Kara Hulusi Sayin and Aytekin Ozen according to Aygan Kucuk confirmed Aygan s allegations about his cofounding the organization 25 Arif Dogan Edit After being taken into custody Arif Dogan admitted to being a founder of the organization originally known as the Intelligence Group Command Turkish Istihbarat Grup Komutanligi and that in 1990 he handed the reins to Veli Kucuk 26 In 2005 he had denied the very existence of such an organization 27 After his release from prison 28 Arif Dogan spoke to journalists of the news channel Haberturk TV in September 2010 and said that he alone had founded JITEM and had frozen it in 1990 29 Concerning the structure of JITEM Colonel Arif Dogan said My staff was 10 000 including 620 women They participated in operations and got 3 000 Lira for each head 29 According to figures of the Justice Ministry about 1 950 PKK militants became confessors after arrest 30 Unofficial figures put the number of confessors that were used and paid in the fight against the PKK at 500 30 Modus Operandi EditAmong the alleged members are ex PKK operatives Turkish Itirafci besides non commissioned officers and a few officers of the Gendarmerie While Aygan listed several units as part of JITEM such as 31 the Gendarmerie General Command the Intelligence Command the Joint Group Command the Regional Group Commands of which there are seven the Team Commands and small clandestine cells 32 the lawyer Tahir Elci who is acting on behalf of victims of JITEM said It is not possible to completely know the organizational structure of JITEM but it is understood that it was organized within the Gendarmerie the centre being in Ankara and having group commands mostly in the South East within the Regimental Commands of the provinces They took their orders from the centre in Ankara and conducted three folded activities gather intelligence interrogate and carry out operations 33 JITEM carried out its activities using the staff system eleman sistemi and technical stakeout approaches The information gathered was analysed became intelligence and submitted to the Intelligence Group Command Every report was assembled by the Intelligence Group Command and operation teams were dispatched accordingly 9 Actions EditFight against PKK Edit JITEM was founded to counter the guerilla tactics of the PKK but its units never directly clashed with armed groups of the PKK in the rural areas 34 They made use of PKK confessors itirafci to kill PKK adherents raid villages in guerilla dressing detain torture or make people disappear 35 Intelligence units did not have the necessary mechanisms in place to fight the PKK in open country The inefficiency in the intelligence network made it impossible for land forces to perform specific operations to prevent terror raids and to develop a strategy against PKK front activities 9 The spokesperson of the Movement of Kurdish Democrats Ahmet Acar alleged that JITEM fomented infighting in the PKK while ensuring the perpetuation of both of the PKK and by extension itself 36 Kurdish Turkish politician Abdulmelik Firat maintained that JITEM is connected to the PKK while fighting it at the same time 37 Political killings Edit Numerous people who claim to be or are purported to be JITEM operatives have been accused of crimes such as kidnapping intimidation and extra judicial killings of PKK members Former JITEM operative Aygan estimated that 80 of these killings were done by JITEM 7 25 JITEM interrogators are especially brutal since they belong to an organization that ostensibly does not exist and hence they are not accountable Aygan says that detainees are invariably killed 32 He provided about 30 names of victims 9 38 39 40 Tuncay Guney a former spy for the National Intelligence Organization who infiltrated JITEM alleged that Veli Kucuk s men working for JITEM killed people using acid and buried the corpses in wells belonging to the state owned Turkish Pipeline Corporation BOTAS 41 Some have responded to the Sirnak Bar s request for witnesses and families of victims to step forward 42 Ergenekon defendant Levent Ersoz has also been named in connection with the incidents in Silopi 43 There are no clear figures on the number of political killings in South East Anatolia According to intelligence units 1550 unsolved murders were committed between 1990 and 2000 although the PKK claims that the accurate number exceeds 2000 9 The Human Rights Association estimates that between 1989 and 2008 JITEM was involved in 5000 unsolved killings of journalists human rights defenders intellectuals and political activists and was responsible for 1 500 cases of disappearances 44 Former chair of Diyarbakir Bar Association Sezgin Tanrikulu put the figures above 4 000 close to 5 000 He stated that one JITEM operative Ibrahim Babat alone had been charged with 61 killings 45 In a documentary by Mehmet Hatman the figure of 4653 unsolved political killings between 1991 and 2000 was mentioned 46 High profile killings Edit Some murders received a lot of press coverage Vedat Aydin Edit Vedat Aydin the Diyarbakir branch chairman of the now defunct People s Labor Party HEP was found dead on a road near Malatya on 7 July 1991 two days after armed men had taken him from his home in Diyarbakir The widow Sukran Aydin thinks her husband s murder was a turning point and that there was a sudden increase in the number of unsolved murders in the country s Southeast following his death She believes that a clandestine unit within the gendarmerie was responsible for the murder 47 Only 18 years after the killing the public prosecutor in Diyarbakir opened a file seeking the detention of nine JITEM members including the Major Aytekin Ozen 48 Musa Anter Edit Aygan said he had been part of a unit alongside Cem Ersever and Arif Dogan which had assassinated 72 year old Kurdish writer Musa Anter in 1992 in Diyarbakir Turkey was found guilty of this murder in 2006 by the European Convention on Human Rights which fined Turkey for 28 500 euros 49 Ahmet Cem Ersever Edit Former JITEM commander Cem Ersever was assassinated in November 1993 50 Aygan alleges that Arif Dogan and Veli Kucuk s superiors in Ankara ordered the assassination in order to take control of JITEM from Ersever 31 Drugs and weapons trafficking Edit JITEM s chief Arif Dogan was tried in the frame of the Yuksekova Gang aka the gang with uniforms According to Today s Zaman the Yuksekova Gang was an illegal organization formed in the Yuksekova district of Hakkari headed by three high ranking military personnel and various politicians that smuggled drugs and weapons 49 Its activities were first revealed in 1996 in the aftermath of the Susurluk scandal Its activities are only one part of the JITEM activities that have been sent to the European Court of Human Rights ECHR All of the local court prison sentences concerning the Yuksekova Gang were cancelled by the High Court of Appeals of Turkey leading the ECHR to fine Turkey 103 000 Euro for its decisions about the Yuksekova Gang 49 Relying on a document as an attachment to the indictment in the Ergenekon case Firat News Agency presented background on smuggling of JITEM staff between 1981 and 1990 Details were mentioned on arms trafficking drug smuggling and cross border trafficking of electronic devices 51 Court cases with JITEM involvement EditIlhan Cihaner prosecutor in Idil Sirnak province was the first to point at JITEM in an indictment of 1997 He held the defendants including civil servants Itirafci confessors and others responsible for killings bombings and disappearances Defendant No 1 was Ahmet Cem Ersever and defendant No 2 was Arif Dogan 52 An indictment prepared by Diyarbakir Public Prosecutor Mithat Ozcan dated 29 March 2005 charged eight PKK Itirafci confessors namely Mahmut Yildirim aka Yesil Abdulkadir Aygan Muhsin Gul Fethi Cetin Kemal Emluk Saniye Emluk Yuksel Ugur and Abdulkerim Kirca 9 These people were suspected of being JITEM members and were charged with eight unsolved murders namely the murders of Harbi Arman Lokman Zugurli Zana Zugurli Servet Aslan Sahabettin Latifeci Ahmet Ceylan Mehmet Siddik Etyemez and Abdulkadir Celikbilek between the years 1992 1994 The case was transferred to a military court 9 The court case went through different stages In September 2010 the number of defendants had risen to 15 During the hearing at Diyarbakir Heavy Penal Court No 6 of 3 September 2010 the defendants Ali Ozansoy and Adil Timurtas both confessors were present for the first time 53 Earlier the Ministry of Interior had refused to inform the Court of the new names of the defendants 54 Mehmet Serif Avsar was abducted in Diyarbakir on 22 April 1994 and two weeks later found dead The kidnappers PKK confessor Mesut Mehmetoglu and village guards hid in a building reportedly belonging to JITEM On 20 March 2001 six defendants were convicted for their involvement in the killing The case was raised with the European Court of Human Rights ECtHR The court found a violation of Article 2 of the European Convention of Human Rights 55 Abdulkadir Aygan is one of the 11 or 12 defendants charged with having killed Haci Ahmet Zeyrek in Silopi 1989 JITEM staff member Mehmet Bayar 25 June 1990 and Tahsin Sevim Hasan Utanc and Hasan Caner on 16 September 1989 A criminal court in Diyarbakir ruled in 2006 that the defendants were military personnel and should be tried in a military court 16 According to the report of Kutlu Savas PKK Itirafci confessor Hayrettin Toka had been involved in many killings of JITEM He was apprehended in Karamursel in December 2005 and taken to Diyarbakir A judge released him on 16 January 2006 In his testimony Toka stated that he had been imprisoned for 12 5 years 56 Sirnak death well trials on 11 September 2009 Diyarbakir Heavy Penal Court No 6 started to hear the case of 7 defendants charged with 20 killings that had been committed between 1993 and 1995 when Colonel Cemil Temizoz had been the commander of Cizre Gendarmerie Station in Sirnak province Cizre district 57 On 17 September 2010 the 18th hearing was held 58 The 2005 Semdinli incident involved Gendarmerie intelligence personnel and alleged links to JITEM Three men were sentenced to 39 years for murder in a grenade attack References Edit a b Ayik Zeki 1997 01 17 PKK confessors turn into state hitmen Turkish Daily News Archived from the original on 2008 10 09 Alt URL a b 1998 Report PDF Archived from the original on February 5 2009 Retrieved February 5 2009 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint unfit URL link archived from the original Archived October 3 2008 at the Wayback Machine 2009 02 05 Human Rights Foundation of Turkey chapter II SUSURLUK SCANDAL Counter Guerrilla Affairs p 39 86 see quotation on p 40 It seems that some illegal methods were employed within the state during the anti terrorist struggle In the report some military people are mentioned but the report implies that the army as a whole was not involved in such affairs I am glad to hear that If the army had been involved in such affairs it would have been highly difficult for us to solve the problem On the other hand the situation of the Gendarmerie is a bit complex because its affiliation is to both the army and the Ministry of Interior Affairs That s an outcome of the report JITEM seems corrupted a b 1998 Report PDF Archived from the original on February 5 2009 Retrieved February 5 2009 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint unfit URL link Human Rights Foundation of Turkey chapter II SUSURLUK SCANDAL Counter guerilla Affairs p 46 The report prepared by Prime Ministry Inspection Board Deputy Chairman Kutlu Savas mentioned JITEM as involved in gang activities However JITEM is among the state secrets of Prime Minister Mesut Yilmaz Yilmaz accepted the existence of JITEM but argued that military officials were not involved and they intervened when they learned about it Yilmaz carefully tried to relieve military officials the Gendarmerie s former Commander General Teoman Koman from responsibility Deputy Prime Minister Bulent Ecevit said JITEM is mentioned in the report However the Gendarmerie and JITEM are not equal to the army a b Usul Safile 2008 09 08 Veli Kucuk bana iskence yapti Gazeteport in Turkish Archived from the original on 2008 12 31 Retrieved 2008 12 05 Duzel Nese 2008 01 28 2009 da kiyamet gibi kan akacakti Taraf in Turkish Archived from the original on 2013 01 13 Retrieved 2008 08 14 Derin devlet gene askeri bunye icinde olusuyor ama artik derin devlet MIT degil Bugun derin devlet JITEM Assassinations lead to JITEM Sabah 2008 08 25 Archived from the original on August 28 2008 Retrieved 2008 08 26 JITEM considered to be the ancestor of the Ergenekon organization a b Kuseyri Murat 2008 10 04 JITEM Ergenekon un askeri kanadidir Evrensel in Turkish Archived from the original on 2013 01 12 Retrieved 2008 10 21 Jamestown Foundation Turkey s Gendarmerie Reforming a Frontline Unit in the War on Terrorism Publication Terrorism Monitor Volume 6 Issue 22 November 25 2008 by Andrew McGregor a b c d e f g h i j k l m n The article INTELLIGENCE ACTIVITIES OF THE GENDARMERIE CORPS JITEM amp JIT by Ertan Bese Assistant Professor Police Academy Faculty of Security Sciences can be found in the ALMANAC TURKEY 2005 SECURITY SECTOR AND DEMOCRATIC OVERSIGHT DCAF TESEV Turkish Economic and Social Studies Foundation SERIES IN SECURITY SECTOR STUDIES ALMANAC TURKEY 2005 ISBN 975 8112 79 1 Link to the pdf file Archived 2011 10 03 at the Wayback Machine pages 172 189 Serhan Yedig Bir var bir yok Hem var hem yok JITEM Hurriyet 21 November 2005 Tokat Pasa Suclular cezalandirilsin ordu yipratilmasin Archived 2012 02 29 at the Wayback Machine Zaman 29 December 2004 KILIC Ecevit 2009 01 26 5 bin kisiyi olduren JITEM dagitilmadi Sabah in Turkish Retrieved 2010 05 23 JITEM dagitilmadi Sadece kadrolari aktif degil Eleman agi aynen duruyor For Article 5 of Law on the Establishment Duties and Jurisdiction of Gendarmerie No 2803 see Resmi Gazete Official Gazette No 17985 dated 12 March 1983 The Organisation of the General Command of Gendarmerie is stated in its own establishment and staff decrees in accordance with the nature of its duties and the principles of the Turkish Armed Forces The Gendarmerie General Command s establishment staff and duty stations are regulated by the Ministry of Internal Affairs in consultation with the General Staff During times of mobilization and war squads under the command of military departments are organised with the approval of the General Staff The organisation and mobilising of gendarmerie squads that are charged with security and public order duties are based on civilian divisions except in inevitable situations To provide productivity and efficiency of service organisations that cover more than one province are also considered For the Law Concerning Amendments to Some Laws No 5397 see Resmi Gazete Official Gazette dated 23 July 2005 No 25884 Onal Ayse 2008 07 24 Veli Kucuk beni isten kovdurttu Yeni Safak in Turkish Retrieved 2008 11 21 a b JITEM vardir Milliyet in Turkish 2006 02 16 Retrieved 2008 07 25 Jandarma Genel Komutani Teoman Koman Jandarma teskilati icinde JITEM adinda legal ya da illegal bir orgut kurulmamistir yoktur Ama jandarma disinda bu ismi kullanip kanunsuz isler yapan bir grup vardir Yedig Serhan 2005 11 20 Bir var bir yok Hem var hem yok JITEM Hurriyet in Turkish Retrieved 2008 09 05 Ayni donemde Genelkurmay Baskani Dogan Gures Jandarma Genel Komutani Teoman Koman basta olmak uzere bircok yetkili JITEM adinda bir orgut hic olmadi deyip kamuoyunun ruhuna serin su serpmisti Yedig Serhan 2005 11 20 Bir var bir yok Hem var hem yok JITEM Hurriyet in Turkish Retrieved 2008 12 25 Saglar Fikri 2008 12 22 Ergenekon da kara gorundu mu Star in Turkish Retrieved 2008 12 27 JITEM yasal bir kurulus olmadigi icin yok demek zorundalar Aksini soylerlerse hepsi birden suclu olurlar Unlu Ferhat 2008 08 25 Hem PKK nin hem de JITEM in itirafcisi Aygan Sabah in Turkish Retrieved 2008 08 27 Ben hem PKK nin hem de JITEM in itirafcisiyim Ama hain degilim kendimi hain hissetmiyorum Cunku hainlerin yaptiklarini acikladim dead link Okkan assassination linked to JITEM permanent dead link Today s Zaman 27 August 2008 Cem Ersever in kayip arsivi Veli Kucuk un evinden cikti iddiasi Zaman in Turkish 2008 01 31 Archived from the original on 2008 10 03 Retrieved 2008 08 19 Ben JITEM in kurucusu olarak biliniyorum Kanunda yeri olan bir birimdir Bu bende bir meslek hastaligi olarak niteleyebilecegim arsivleme aliskanligindan dolayi bana gorev sirasinda degisik yerlerden ulasan belgeleri dosyalayarak muhafaza ettim Emekli olduktan sonra da bu sekilde gelen belgeleri arsivledim Beni seven insanlar da bu tur bilgi ve belge akisini bana saglarlar Evimde bulunan gizlilik niteligi yuksek olan belgeleri arsivlemem karakterimin ve aliskanligimin bir yansimasidir Ayni zamanda yaziya dokulen gizli konusma kayitlari da bunun icinde yer aliyor Evimde gundemdeki Ergenekon Lobi gibi belgelerin orijinal nushalarinin cikmasi da arsivleme hastaligimdan kaynaklanmaktadir Inci Fatih 2008 08 19 JITEM ci Albay dan uyusturucu servisi Yeni Safak in Turkish Retrieved 2008 08 19 Kardesim ben JITEM in kurucusuyum Bana gramlik uyusturucunun hesabini soruyorsunuz Bunlari gorev icabi ihtayaci olanlara veriyorum Si m uyusturucusunu Karapinar Turker 2008 08 16 Emekli Albay Dogan JITEM in uygulacisiydim Milliyet in Turkish Retrieved 2008 08 19 Ergenekon la alakam yoktur Ergenekon u sorusturma asamasinda duydum 21 yil daglarda gorev yaptim JITEM in de daglarda uygulayicisiydim a b Duvakli Melik 2008 01 30 JITEM hitman Veli Kucuk conceals masterminds Zaman Archived from the original on 2008 06 03 Retrieved 2008 08 11 Sardan Tolga Karapinar Turker 2008 08 21 JITEM i ben kurdum Veli Kucuk e devrettim Milliyet in Turkish Retrieved 2008 08 21 1990 da Jandarma Istihbarat Grup Komutanligi gorevimi kendisine devrettim Bu sirada yarbay olarak gorev yapiyordum Gorev alanimiz Turkiye geneliydi Kucuk ise albaydi see the daily Hurriyet of 20 November 2005 Arif Dogan was detained in August 2008 see Weekly report of the HRFT and released because of illness 11 months later see the daily Zaman of 30 July 2009 Archived 29 February 2012 at the Wayback Machine a b Haberturk 26 September 2010 JITEM i ben kurdum ben dondurdum accessed on 27 September 2010 a b See the article in Haber Vitrin of 9 February 2009 Archived 20 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine accessed on 27 September 2010 a b Cicek Nevzat 2008 12 17 JITEM tabelasi bile vardi Taraf in Turkish Archived from the original on 2013 04 18 Retrieved 2009 01 04 Jandarma Genel Komutanligi Istihbarat Baskanligi Gruplar Komutanligi Grup Komutanliklari Bunlar yedi ayri bolgede konumlanmistir Tim Komutanliklari Birimler a b Kuseyri Murat 2008 10 03 Savcilara hatirlatma Gunluk Evrensel Gazetesi in Turkish Archived from the original on 2013 01 12 Retrieved 2008 11 05 Sik Ahmet 2009 03 24 Firat in otesi OHD OKK JITEM Ergenekon Habervesaire in Turkish Retrieved 2010 05 22 JITEM in orgutsel yapisini tam olarak bilmek mumkun degil Ama jandarma icinde merkezi Ankara da cogunlugu Guneydogu da olmak uzere belli bolgeler de grup komutanliklari seklinde orgutlendigi illerde jandarma alay komutanliklarinin bunyesinde emirleri dogrudan Ankara daki merkezden alan istihbarat sorgu ve operasyon seklinde uclu faaliyet gosteren bir yapi oldugu anlasiliyor Sik Ahmet 2009 03 24 Firat in otesi OHD OKK JITEM Ergenekon Habervesaire in Turkish Retrieved 2010 05 22 JITEM sozum ona PKK ya karsi gayri nizami harp faaliyetleri yurutmek uzere kuruldu ama hicbir zaman dogrudan PKK nin kirsaldaki silahli gruplariyla karsi karsiya gelmedi Sik Ahmet 2009 03 24 Firat in otesi OHD OKK JITEM Ergenekon Habervesaire in Turkish Retrieved 2010 05 22 Orgut bolgede muhbirlerden yararlanarak PKK yanlisi kisilerin oldurulmesi gerilla kiligiyla koylere baskin duzenlenmesi kisilerin gozaltina alinarak iskenceden gecirilmesi veya kaybedilmesi gibi eylemler gerceklestirdi Duvakli Melik 2009 01 03 JITEM behind Anter and Aydin murders claims Kurdish group Today s Zaman Retrieved 2009 01 03 He alleged that jailed PKK leader Abdullah Ocalan told the DTP through his lawyers not to become involved in discussions about Ergenekon permanent dead link Kilic Ecevit 2008 11 27 Anter cinayetinde sadece JITEM degil PKK da var Sabah in Turkish Retrieved 2009 01 04 Birbirlerine karsit olduklarina bakmayin perdenin arkasinda sarmas dolaslar The names given in various publications are Musa Anter Vedat Aydin Musa Toprak Mehmet Sen Talat Akyildiz Zahit Turan Necati Aydin Ramazan Keskin Mehmet Ay Murat Aslan Idris Yildirim Servet Aslan Siddik Yetmez Edip Aksoy Ahmet Ceylan Sahabettin Latifeci Abdulkadir Celikbilek Mehmet Salih Donen Ihsan Haran Fethi Yildirim Abdulkerim Zogurlu Zana Zogurlu Melle Izzettin Hakki Kaya Harbi Arman Fikri Ozgen and Muhsin Gol Of these Murat Aslan s remains were found in the place described by Aygan and a forensic dental and ballistic tests confirmed the identity of the victim Further details can be found in the 2005 annual report of the Human Rights Foundation of Turkey Sik Ahmet 2005 02 03 Aci bir Susurluk oykusu Radikal in Turkish Archived from the original on 2009 02 14 Retrieved 2009 01 03 Ekinci Burhan 2005 02 02 Iste Itiraf Iste Ceset Sorumlular Nerede Bianet in Turkish Retrieved 2009 01 03 permanent dead link A piece of bone could shed light on Silopi executions Today s Zaman 2008 12 18 Retrieved 2008 12 21 permanent dead link Oktay Mehmet 2008 12 20 Family believes four members were executed with acid Today s Zaman Retrieved 2008 12 22 permanent dead link Kacak Pasa nin korku imparatorlugu Bugun in Turkish Koza Ipek Gazetecilik ve Yayincilik A S 2008 12 17 Archived from the original on 2008 12 17 Retrieved 2008 12 17 Mehtap Soyler 21 September 2009 Der demokratische Reformprozess in der Turkei Aus Politik und Zeitgeschichte in German Berlin 39 Archived from the original on 4 October 2009 Retrieved 24 May 2009 Der turkische Menschenrechtsverein IHD schatzt dass der JITEM zwischen 1989 und 2008 an etwa 5000 unaufgeklarten Morden an Journalisten Menschenrechtlern Intellektuellen und politischen Aktivisten beteiligt war und fur das Verschwinden von etwa 1500 Personen verantwortlich ist KILIC Ecevit 2009 01 26 5 bin kisiyi olduren JITEM dagitilmadi Sabah in Turkish Retrieved 2010 05 23 Ibrahim Babat adli itirafci 61 kisiyi oldurmekle yargilandi Faili mechul sayisi kac Bu konuda net bir rakam soylemek mumkun degil JITEM in oldurdugu veya oldurdukten sonra kaybettigi kac kisi var 4 binden fazla 5 bin civarinda Tuna Banu 2005 03 20 4653 faili mechul belgeseli Hurriyet in Turkish Retrieved 2010 05 24 4653 rakamina nasil ulastiniz Avrupa Insan Haklari Mahkemesi ne giden davalara baktik Bolge barolarinin yaptiklari calismalari inceledik Insan Haklari Dernegi nin merkez ve Diyarbakir subelerinin calismalarina baktik Yakinlarini Kaybedenler Dernegi nin istatistiklerinden de yola cikarak bu rakama ulastik Duvakli Melik 2009 03 02 Wife of slain Kurdish politician says husband killed by JITEM Today s Zaman Retrieved 2010 05 24 Sukran Aydin a clandestine unit within the gendarmerie is responsible for the murder permanent dead link Vedat Aydin cinayeti raftan indi Taraf in Turkish 2009 05 06 Archived from the original on 2011 07 16 Retrieved 2010 05 24 Diyarbakir Ozel yetkili Cumhuriyet Bassavciligi aralarinda Diyarbakir JITEM eski Grup Komutani Binbasi Aytekin Ozen in de bulundugu altisi itirafci dokuz JITEM elemani hakkinda yakalama emri cikardi a b c Duvakli Melik JITEM s illegal actions cost Turkey a fortune Archived 2012 06 06 at the Wayback Machine Today s Zaman 27 August 2008 Ergenekon indictment reopens gendarmerie major s murder case Archived December 5 2008 at the Wayback Machine Today s Zaman 13 August 2008 Bir astsubayin kaleminde JITEM gercegi ANF in Turkish 2008 08 29 Archived from the original on 2011 07 11 Retrieved 2010 05 25 1990 li yillarda Kurtlerin korkulu ruyasi haline gelen JITEM ekipleri infazlarin yanisira makam araclariyla uyusturucu ticareti silah kacakciligi da yaptigina iliskin bir astsubayin anlattiklari mahkemeye delil olarak sunuldu Sik Ahmet 2009 03 24 Firat in otesi OHD OKK JITEM Ergenekon Habervesaire in Turkish Retrieved 2010 05 22 1997 yilinda mudahil oldugum ve JITEM gorevlilerinin suclandigi bir davada Idil Savcisi Ilhan Cihaner in fezlekesinde bunu adi konmustur Savcinin ciddi saptamalari vardir Savci fezlekesinde kamu gorevlileri itirafcilar ve baska bazi kisilerin de icinde oldugu ve adam oldurme bombalama gozaltinda kaybetme gibi suclari isleyen ulke genelinde orgutlu bir suc orgutu var diyor Bu fezlekenin saniklarinin 1 sirasinda yer alan isim Ahmet Cem Ersever dir ki JITEM in kurucusu oldugunu herkes biliyor Sonra 2 siradaki sanik simdi Ergenekon sorusturmasinin tutuklulari arasinda yer alan ve yine JITEM in kurucularindan olan Arif Dogan dir Detailed background can be found in http www gundem online net haber asp haberid 96101 permanent dead link gundemonline of 3 September 2010 accessed on 27 September 2010 Compare the daily Zaman of 12 May 2010 quoted in the daily reports of the Democratic Turkey Forum accessed on 27 September 2010 Judgments of the ECtHR can be found at http www echr coe int ECHR EN hudoc You can search by the Application no 25657 94 or CASE OF AVSAR v TURKEY PKK itirafcisi Toka ya tahliye Radikal in Turkish 2006 01 20 Archived from the original on 2012 10 19 Retrieved 2008 07 25 Kutlu Savas in Susurluk Raporu nda adi gecen ve JITEM adina cok sayida faili mechul cinayete karistigi one surulen PKK itirafcisi Hayrettin Toka 10 yil sonra Karamursel de yakalandi Diyarbakir a getirilen Hayrettin Toka ifade verdikten sonra serbest birakildi Hurriyet 11 September 2009 Albay Temizoz davasi basladi accessed on 27 September 2010 Details on hearings in this case can be found in the daily reports of the Human Rights Foundation of Turkey backed up by the Democratic Turkey Forum the relevant dates are 03 05 04 2010 08 10 05 2010 05 07 06 2010 15 06 2010 10 12 07 2010 and 07 09 08 2010Further reading EditOzel tim Ozel Harekat Timi Special Team Ersever Ahmet Cem 2007 Kurtler PKK ve Abdullah Ocalan in Turkish Istanbul Milenyum Yayinlari ISBN 9789758773251 Ecevit Kilic 2011 Jitem Turkiye nin Faili Mechul Tarihi Timas YayinlariExternal links EditTwo series of articles in pro Kurdish newspapers JITEMciler konusuyor 1 2 permanent dead link 3 permanent dead link 4 permanent dead link 5 permanent dead link 6 permanent dead link in Turkish Dead links JITEM i desifre ediyoruz 1 2 3 4 in Turkish Dead links Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Gendarmerie Intelligence Organization amp oldid 1161740033, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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