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Iž

March 04, 2023

Iž (pronounced [îːʒ]; Italian: Eso, German: Ese) is an island in the Zadar Archipelago within the Croatian reaches of the Adriatic Sea.

Iž
Iž
Geography
LocationAdriatic Sea
Coordinates44°02′01″N 15°07′11″E / 44.0336°N 15.1196°E / 44.0336; 15.1196Coordinates: 44°02′01″N 15°07′11″E / 44.0336°N 15.1196°E / 44.0336; 15.1196
Area17.59 km2 (6.79 sq mi)
Highest elevation168 m (551 ft)
Highest pointKorinjak
Administration
CountyZadar
Demographics
Population615 (2011)[1]

Geography

Geology and topology

 
Beach near the bay of Knež, Mali Iž, as seen in August 2009. Hamlet Makovac can be seen on the top of the hill in the background.

The island is situated between Ugljan on the north-east and Dugi Otok on the south-west. From all islands of Zadar Archipelago, the closest one to Iž is the island of Rava, situated between Iž and Dugi Otok. Iž and Rava are separated by the channel Iški kanal (average wideness about 2.5 km; 1.5 miles). Iž has length of 12.2 km (7.5 miles) and average wideness of 2.5 km (1.5 miles). It has an area of 17.59 square kilometers (6.8 square miles) and a population of 615 (according to 2011 census), so it is considered[by whom?] as one of the small island of Zadar's island group. Length of the coast is 35.1 km (21.8 miles). Iž, like the other islands of Zadar Archipelago, lies in direction northwest–southeast (NW-SE) meaning it is parallel with the mainland. Its mineralogy is composed mainly of limestone and dolomite. The highest peak of the island is Korinjak (height: 168 m; 551 ft). Iž is surrounded by more than 10 very small, uninhabited islands, largest of which is Knežak.[2]

The vegetation of the island is Mediterranean, as on other islands of Zadar, which means that the forests are composed of coniferous trees. Due to the relatively high temperatures, Mediterranean plants are evergreen. The exploitation of forests created a macchia that is richer in flora in the southwestern part of the island (on limestone) than in the northeastern part (on the dolomites). About 60% of the island is covered with pine forest; the first afforestation of the island with aleppo pine begins in the 20th century, more precisely in 1931. The island's oldest and most important cultivated plants are olives, vines and figs.[3]

The main soil types are terra rossa (Croatian: crvenica; crljenica) associated with limestone (cultivated and rich of hummus in the gardens of settlements) and sandy soils on the dolomites.[4]

Settlements are located exclusively on island's eastern part, facing Ugljan. The main settlement, Veli Iž, is situated in the bay on the north-western shore, while Mali Iž is situated on the south-eastern shore and consists of three hamlets - Muće, Makovac and Porovac - located on three hills, below which are two bays – The bay of Knež below Porovac and the bay of Komoševa below Makovac.

Climate

Iž belongs to the area which has a borderline humid subtropical and Mediterranean climate. Summers are dry, warm or hot and winters are mild and rainy. Average annual air temperature on the island is 15 degrees Celsius (59 degrees Fahrenheit).[5]

The island is relatively low and spatially small so that significant day and night winds can form there. It is relatively far from the mainland, surrounded on all sides by the sea and protected by neighboring higher islands. The most common winds are bora (Croatian: bura) during winter, sirocco (Croatian: jugo) during spring, autumn and winter and maestral - a constant humid breeze of moderate intensity - during summer. The strength of bora usually decreases from the mainland towards the open sea; Iž is in the „Srednji kanal“ channel especially protected by Ugljan and Pašman.

The average annual humidity on Iž is about 70% and the annual rainfall is about 880 mm (1989 data).

History

 
Parish church of St. Mary in Mali Iž. Author of the photograph Ana Barbir

The island of Iž has been inhabited since prehistoric times; there are traces of an Illyrian hillfort and a Roman settlement. Constantine VII calls it „Ez“ in 10th century. In that time it was under the rule of the Zadar commune, which, as a feud, gave it to the female Benedictine monastery of St. Mary, and later leased to the Zadar aristocracy. Above the bay of Komoševa, at the top of the village of Mali Iž, there is an old romanesque church of St. Mary from the 11th century, circular-shaped with a semicircular apse. It is located right next to the new parish church from the beginning of the 20th century and represents the oldest cultural monument on the island. There are also records of the first Croatian settlers that date from the year 1266.

Since 1409, Iž has been part of the Venetian Republic. In the time of Venetian-Turkish wars during the 15th and 16th centuries, many refugees from the mainland moved to the island, especially from Ravni Kotari.

Both the parishes of Veli and Mali Iž have a thousand-year Glagolitic history, meaning that from their beginning the Roman Rite in the church was celebrated in the Old Church Slavonic language, not in Latin, from liturgical books written in the old Croatian Glagolitic script. History records more than 200 glagolitic priests on the island and many documents in the Glagolitic alphabet from the 15th to 19th century are still preserved, including manuscripts, printed liturgical books and stone epigraphs. In 2019. a Glagolitic inscription in stone from 1685. was discovered in the family house Švorinić, being among the most recently reveled Glagolitic stone inscriptions in the world.

In the 18th and 19th century Iž became one of the leading maritime and trade centers in the Zadar archipelago.

The castle of the Zadar family Canagietti has been preserved; the castle of the Fanfogna family, originally built in the romanesque style but later rebuilt, was converted into a school in the 19th century.

Economy, culture and tourism

 
Bay of Knež with restaurant and accommodation Apartmani Knež

The small population of the island is mainly engaged into olive cultivation, fishing, viticulture and tourism.

The island also is known for its pottery tradition that has survived to this day: the ethnographic collection of Veli Iž preserves numerous examples of island's authentic ceramics and tools of traditional pottery.

Hotel Korinjak, located in Veli Iž, is the only hotel on the island, also representing the only vegetarian hotel in Croatia. The hotel offers meditation and relaxation therapies for mind and body energy, from yoga to pyramide meditation and orgon or ozon therapies. The hotel also offers boat trips and excursions to island Iž hidden bays or small unsettled nearby islets, where visitors can enjoy untouched nature and beaches.

Veli Iž also has a marina that can accommodate up to two hundred boats and the church of St. Peter and Paul from the 14th century, with elements of romanesque although it is not preserved in its original form.[6]

Traditional festival Iška fešta (lit. "The Fest of Iž") is being held in Veli Iž every year on July 29. The locals then dress in traditional costumes, perform old island dances and songs and prepare local dishes. The highlight of the ceremony is the election of the "King of Iž" (Croatian: Iški kralj) with a term of one year.[7]

The revitalization of the island was greatly contributed by the construction of the main road connecting Mali Iž and Veli Iž - construction of the road started in 1980's by the Yugoslav People's Army. It was fully completed and paved in 1996, stretching in direction northwest–southeast, between Veli Iž and the ferry port in Mali Iž, also connecting Mali Iž hamlets Porovac, Muće and Makovac, together with the bays Knež and Komoševa, by the local roads.

Maritime connections

 
High speed craft Olea at the port of Mali Iž (July 2020)

Iž is connected with passenger ship and catamaran public lines Zadar – Mali Iž – Veli Iž – Mala Rava – Rava and car ferry line Zadar (Gaženica) – Bršanj (Mali Iž) – Mala Rava – Rava. It is about one hour ship ride from Zadar although catamaran service offers shorter travel time.

The shortest connection of island Iž with Zadar iz through the strait of Mali Ždrelac, nowadays used by all public shipping services which operate to the island.[8]

Before the World War I, all maritime connections between Zadar and Iž were vivid through the island of Ugljan. Since 1892, Iž has a regular steamship connection with Zadar through the strait „Veli Ždrelac“ between islands Ugljan and Rivanj (north-west from Zadar) and from 1980's that connection started to operate through the strait of Mali Ždrelac. Until 2012, only certain amount of smaller ferries connecting Iž and Zadar (as well as ships and catamarans) could sail through Mali Ždrelac, while the rest of the ferries were sailing through Veli Ždrelac strait. In 2012, the strait was deepened which resulted in allowing all ships that sail to the island to pass through. Since 2014, ferries connecting Iž and Zadar (as well as other ferries which connect Zadar with the islands of its archipelago) have been using the port of Gaženica south of Zadar instead of original ferry port that was located in Zadar's town center.

Island's ferry terminal, opened in late 1980's and hosting only a ticket office, is located in the bay of Bršanj in Mali Iž. It is about 1 km from the center of Mali Iž where all the facilities are. Passenger ships and catamarans, however, use ports of Mali Iž (located in the bay and small settlement Komoševa) and Veli Iž (located in the bay near the promenade by the sea, in the town center).[9]

Notable residents

Kristo Novoselić, the father of Nirvana bassist Krist Novoselic, lived in Veli Iž before immigrating to the United States.[10]

Nearby islands

 

Nearby islets:

  1. Veli otok
  2. Mali otok
  3. Srednji otok
  4. Glurović
  5. Kudica
  6. Fulija
  7. Maslinovac
  8. Luški otok
  9. Rutnjak
  10. Knežak
  11. Školjić
  12. Tomešnjak
  13. Mrtovnjak

References

  1. ^ Ostroški, Ljiljana, ed. (December 2015). Statistički ljetopis Republike Hrvatske 2015 [Statistical Yearbook of the Republic of Croatia 2015] (PDF). Statistical Yearbook of the Republic of Croatia (in Croatian and English). Vol. 47. Zagreb: Croatian Bureau of Statistics. p. 47. ISSN 1333-3305. Retrieved 27 December 2015.
  2. ^ "Iž". Croatian Encyclopedia (in Croatian). Miroslav Krleža Institute of Lexicography. Retrieved 12 April 2021.
  3. ^ Alfonso Cvitanović: "Otok Iž"; published in 1989. Publisher: "Mjesna zajednica Veli Iž".
  4. ^ https://www.grad-zadar.hr/repos/doc/Obrazlozenje_PPUG_2015_Prijedlog%20Plana_procisceni_cb_20151125.pdf[bare URL PDF]
  5. ^ "IZ CROATIA IZ ACCOMODATION [sic] IZ APARTMENTS IZ CAMPING IZ BOARDING HOUSES IZ ROOMS IZ - HOLIDAY IN IZ- ISLAND IZ". www.lotos-croatia.com.
  6. ^ "Veli Iž – G&V Line Iadera".
  7. ^ ...https://www.zadarskilist.hr/tagovi/iska-festa
  8. ^ ...Mali Ždrelac
  9. ^ "Bršanj ferry terminal, getting to Island Iž with car ferry".
  10. ^ ...https://www.zadarskilist.hr/clanci/17042010/novaselici-nismo-ni-sanjali-da-ce-nam-sin-postati-rock-zvijezda

External links

  •   Media related to Iž at Wikimedia Commons

March 04, 2023
pronounced, îːʒ, italian, german, island, zadar, archipelago, within, croatian, reaches, adriatic, geographylocationadriatic, seacoordinates44, 0336, 1196, 0336, 1196, coordinates, 0336, 1196, 0336, 1196area17, highest, elevation168, highest, pointkorinjakadmi. Iz pronounced iːʒ Italian Eso German Ese is an island in the Zadar Archipelago within the Croatian reaches of the Adriatic Sea IzIzGeographyLocationAdriatic SeaCoordinates44 02 01 N 15 07 11 E 44 0336 N 15 1196 E 44 0336 15 1196 Coordinates 44 02 01 N 15 07 11 E 44 0336 N 15 1196 E 44 0336 15 1196Area17 59 km2 6 79 sq mi Highest elevation168 m 551 ft Highest pointKorinjakAdministration CroatiaCountyZadarDemographicsPopulation615 2011 1 Contents 1 Geography 1 1 Geology and topology 1 2 Climate 2 History 3 Economy culture and tourism 4 Maritime connections 5 Notable residents 6 Nearby islands 7 References 8 External linksGeography EditGeology and topology Edit Beach near the bay of Knez Mali Iz as seen in August 2009 Hamlet Makovac can be seen on the top of the hill in the background The island is situated between Ugljan on the north east and Dugi Otok on the south west From all islands of Zadar Archipelago the closest one to Iz is the island of Rava situated between Iz and Dugi Otok Iz and Rava are separated by the channel Iski kanal average wideness about 2 5 km 1 5 miles Iz has length of 12 2 km 7 5 miles and average wideness of 2 5 km 1 5 miles It has an area of 17 59 square kilometers 6 8 square miles and a population of 615 according to 2011 census so it is considered by whom as one of the small island of Zadar s island group Length of the coast is 35 1 km 21 8 miles Iz like the other islands of Zadar Archipelago lies in direction northwest southeast NW SE meaning it is parallel with the mainland Its mineralogy is composed mainly of limestone and dolomite The highest peak of the island is Korinjak height 168 m 551 ft Iz is surrounded by more than 10 very small uninhabited islands largest of which is Knezak 2 The vegetation of the island is Mediterranean as on other islands of Zadar which means that the forests are composed of coniferous trees Due to the relatively high temperatures Mediterranean plants are evergreen The exploitation of forests created a macchia that is richer in flora in the southwestern part of the island on limestone than in the northeastern part on the dolomites About 60 of the island is covered with pine forest the first afforestation of the island with aleppo pine begins in the 20th century more precisely in 1931 The island s oldest and most important cultivated plants are olives vines and figs 3 The main soil types are terra rossa Croatian crvenica crljenica associated with limestone cultivated and rich of hummus in the gardens of settlements and sandy soils on the dolomites 4 Settlements are located exclusively on island s eastern part facing Ugljan The main settlement Veli Iz is situated in the bay on the north western shore while Mali Iz is situated on the south eastern shore and consists of three hamlets Muce Makovac and Porovac located on three hills below which are two bays The bay of Knez below Porovac and the bay of Komoseva below Makovac Climate Edit Iz belongs to the area which has a borderline humid subtropical and Mediterranean climate Summers are dry warm or hot and winters are mild and rainy Average annual air temperature on the island is 15 degrees Celsius 59 degrees Fahrenheit 5 The island is relatively low and spatially small so that significant day and night winds can form there It is relatively far from the mainland surrounded on all sides by the sea and protected by neighboring higher islands The most common winds are bora Croatian bura during winter sirocco Croatian jugo during spring autumn and winter and maestral a constant humid breeze of moderate intensity during summer The strength of bora usually decreases from the mainland towards the open sea Iz is in the Srednji kanal channel especially protected by Ugljan and Pasman The average annual humidity on Iz is about 70 and the annual rainfall is about 880 mm 1989 data History Edit Parish church of St Mary in Mali Iz Author of the photograph Ana Barbir The island of Iz has been inhabited since prehistoric times there are traces of an Illyrian hillfort and a Roman settlement Constantine VII calls it Ez in 10th century In that time it was under the rule of the Zadar commune which as a feud gave it to the female Benedictine monastery of St Mary and later leased to the Zadar aristocracy Above the bay of Komoseva at the top of the village of Mali Iz there is an old romanesque church of St Mary from the 11th century circular shaped with a semicircular apse It is located right next to the new parish church from the beginning of the 20th century and represents the oldest cultural monument on the island There are also records of the first Croatian settlers that date from the year 1266 Since 1409 Iz has been part of the Venetian Republic In the time of Venetian Turkish wars during the 15th and 16th centuries many refugees from the mainland moved to the island especially from Ravni Kotari Both the parishes of Veli and Mali Iz have a thousand year Glagolitic history meaning that from their beginning the Roman Rite in the church was celebrated in the Old Church Slavonic language not in Latin from liturgical books written in the old Croatian Glagolitic script History records more than 200 glagolitic priests on the island and many documents in the Glagolitic alphabet from the 15th to 19th century are still preserved including manuscripts printed liturgical books and stone epigraphs In 2019 a Glagolitic inscription in stone from 1685 was discovered in the family house Svorinic being among the most recently reveled Glagolitic stone inscriptions in the world In the 18th and 19th century Iz became one of the leading maritime and trade centers in the Zadar archipelago The castle of the Zadar family Canagietti has been preserved the castle of the Fanfogna family originally built in the romanesque style but later rebuilt was converted into a school in the 19th century Economy culture and tourism Edit Bay of Knez with restaurant and accommodation Apartmani Knez The small population of the island is mainly engaged into olive cultivation fishing viticulture and tourism The island also is known for its pottery tradition that has survived to this day the ethnographic collection of Veli Iz preserves numerous examples of island s authentic ceramics and tools of traditional pottery Hotel Korinjak located in Veli Iz is the only hotel on the island also representing the only vegetarian hotel in Croatia The hotel offers meditation and relaxation therapies for mind and body energy from yoga to pyramide meditation and orgon or ozon therapies The hotel also offers boat trips and excursions to island Iz hidden bays or small unsettled nearby islets where visitors can enjoy untouched nature and beaches Veli Iz also has a marina that can accommodate up to two hundred boats and the church of St Peter and Paul from the 14th century with elements of romanesque although it is not preserved in its original form 6 Traditional festival Iska festa lit The Fest of Iz is being held in Veli Iz every year on July 29 The locals then dress in traditional costumes perform old island dances and songs and prepare local dishes The highlight of the ceremony is the election of the King of Iz Croatian Iski kralj with a term of one year 7 The revitalization of the island was greatly contributed by the construction of the main road connecting Mali Iz and Veli Iz construction of the road started in 1980 s by the Yugoslav People s Army It was fully completed and paved in 1996 stretching in direction northwest southeast between Veli Iz and the ferry port in Mali Iz also connecting Mali Iz hamlets Porovac Muce and Makovac together with the bays Knez and Komoseva by the local roads Maritime connections Edit High speed craft Olea at the port of Mali Iz July 2020 Iz is connected with passenger ship and catamaran public lines Zadar Mali Iz Veli Iz Mala Rava Rava and car ferry line Zadar Gazenica Brsanj Mali Iz Mala Rava Rava It is about one hour ship ride from Zadar although catamaran service offers shorter travel time The shortest connection of island Iz with Zadar iz through the strait of Mali Zdrelac nowadays used by all public shipping services which operate to the island 8 Before the World War I all maritime connections between Zadar and Iz were vivid through the island of Ugljan Since 1892 Iz has a regular steamship connection with Zadar through the strait Veli Zdrelac between islands Ugljan and Rivanj north west from Zadar and from 1980 s that connection started to operate through the strait of Mali Zdrelac Until 2012 only certain amount of smaller ferries connecting Iz and Zadar as well as ships and catamarans could sail through Mali Zdrelac while the rest of the ferries were sailing through Veli Zdrelac strait In 2012 the strait was deepened which resulted in allowing all ships that sail to the island to pass through Since 2014 ferries connecting Iz and Zadar as well as other ferries which connect Zadar with the islands of its archipelago have been using the port of Gazenica south of Zadar instead of original ferry port that was located in Zadar s town center Island s ferry terminal opened in late 1980 s and hosting only a ticket office is located in the bay of Brsanj in Mali Iz It is about 1 km from the center of Mali Iz where all the facilities are Passenger ships and catamarans however use ports of Mali Iz located in the bay and small settlement Komoseva and Veli Iz located in the bay near the promenade by the sea in the town center 9 Notable residents EditKristo Novoselic the father of Nirvana bassist Krist Novoselic lived in Veli Iz before immigrating to the United States 10 Nearby islands Edit Nearby islets Veli otok Mali otok Srednji otok Glurovic Kudica Fulija Maslinovac Luski otok Rutnjak Knezak Skoljic Tomesnjak MrtovnjakReferences Edit Ostroski Ljiljana ed December 2015 Statisticki ljetopis Republike Hrvatske 2015 Statistical Yearbook of the Republic of Croatia 2015 PDF Statistical Yearbook of the Republic of Croatia in Croatian and English Vol 47 Zagreb Croatian Bureau of Statistics p 47 ISSN 1333 3305 Retrieved 27 December 2015 Iz Croatian Encyclopedia in Croatian Miroslav Krleza Institute of Lexicography Retrieved 12 April 2021 Alfonso Cvitanovic Otok Iz published in 1989 Publisher Mjesna zajednica Veli Iz https www grad zadar hr repos doc Obrazlozenje PPUG 2015 Prijedlog 20Plana procisceni cb 20151125 pdf bare URL PDF IZ CROATIA IZ ACCOMODATION sic IZ APARTMENTS IZ CAMPING IZ BOARDING HOUSES IZ ROOMS IZ HOLIDAY IN IZ ISLAND IZ www lotos croatia com Veli Iz G amp V Line Iadera https www zadarskilist hr tagovi iska festa Mali Zdrelac Brsanj ferry terminal getting to Island Iz with car ferry https www zadarskilist hr clanci 17042010 novaselici nismo ni sanjali da ce nam sin postati rock zvijezdaExternal links Edit Media related to Iz at Wikimedia Commons Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Iz amp oldid 1138057321, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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