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Abū Muḥammad ʿIzz al-Dīn ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz bin ʿAbd al-Salām bin Abī al-Qāsim bin Ḥasan al-Sulamī al-Shāfiʿī (Arabic: أبو محمد عز الدين عبد العزيز بن عبد السلام بن أبي القاسم بن حسن السُّلَمي الشافعي; 577 AH - 660 AH / 1262 CE), also known by his titles, Sultan al-'Ulama/ Sulthanul Ulama, Abu Muhammad al-Sulami, was a famous mujtahid, Ash'ari theologian, jurist and the leading Shafi'i authority of his generation.[1][5][6] He was described by Al-Dhahabi as someone who attained the rank of ijtihad, with asceticism and piety and the command of virtue and forbidding of what is evil and solidity in religion.[7] He was described by Ibn al-Imad al-Hanbali as the sheikh of Islam, the imam of the scholar, the lone of his era, the authority of scholars, who excelled in jurisprudence, origins and the Arabic language, and reached the rank of ijtihad, and received students who traveled to him from all over the country.[8]
Al-Izz Bin Abdul Salam was born in Damascus in 577 AH (1181 AD), where he grew up. He studied the sciences of the Sharia and the Arabic language, and he preached at the Umayyad Mosque and taught in the corner of Al-Ghazali. He was famous for his knowledge until he reached out to students from the country, which led to his incarceration. He then migrated to Egypt, where he was appointed a judge, and he taught and advised, and was appointed to preach at the Mosque of Amr Ibn Al-As, and incited people to fight the Mongols and the Crusaders, and participated in jihad himself. He died in Cairo in the year 660 AH (1262 AD).[6]
In Damascus, as sermon giver (khatib) of the Umayyad Mosque, he openly defied what he considered to be unsanctioned customs followed by the other sermon givers: he refused to wear black, refused to say his sermons in saj' rhymed prose and refused to praise the princes. When al-Salih Ismail, Emir of Damascus, made capitulatory concessions to Theobald I of Navarre during the Barons' Crusade, ibn 'Abd al-Salam condemned him from the pulpit and omitted mentioning him in the post-sermon prayer. He was consequently jailed and upon release emigrated to Ayyubid Egypt.[2][9]
EgyptEdit
Having left Damascus, Ibn 'Abd al-Salam settled in Cairo where he was appointed chief judge and Imam of the Friday prayer, gaining such public influence that he could (and did) command the right and forbid the wrong with the force of the law.[2][9]
Ibn 'Abd al-Salam later resigned from the judiciary and undertook a career as a teacher of Shafi'i law at the Salihiyya, a college founded in the heart of Cairo by al-Malik al-Salih which had then barely been completed and which was, in Egypt, the first establishment providing instruction in the four rites. The biographers indicate that he was the first to teach Qur'anic commentary in Egypt.[1]
Ibn 'Abd al-Salam's exploits eventually earned him the title Sultan al-'Ulema (Sultan of the scholars).[2]
Name and LineageEdit
According to the consensus of scholars and the consensus of the approved sources, His name was Abdul Aziz bin Abdul Salam bin Abi Al-Qasim bin Hassan bin Muhammad bin Mudhahb.[10][11][12]
WorksEdit
He produced a number of brilliant works in Shafi'i jurisprudence, Qur'anic jurisprudence tafsir, methodological fundamentals in Sacred Law, formal legal opinion, government and Sufism though his main and enduring contribution was his masterpiece on Islamic legal principles transl. ara – transl. Qawa'id al-ahkam fi masalih al-anam.[9] Some of his more popular works are on:
Qur'aan
Tafsir al-Qur'an al-Azim,
Mukhtasar al-Nukat wa'l 'Uyun lil Imam al-Mawardi,
Al-Isharah ila al-Ijaz,
Fawa'id fi Mushkil al-Qur'an
Amali
Hadith / Sirah
Mukhtasar Sahih Muslim,
Bidayat al-Sul fi Tafdhil al-Rasul; available in its translated form as The Beginning of The Quest of the High Esteem of the Messenger
Targhib Ahl al-Islam fi Sakni al-Sham,
Aqeedah
Al-Mulhat fi I'tiqad Ahl al-Haqq[4] or by its other title; al-Radd 'ala al-Mubtadi'ah wa'l Hashawiyah; transmitted by his son 'Abd al-Latif.
Al-Farq bayn al-Iman wa'l Islam or Ma'na al-Iman wa'l Islam,
Mukhtasar Ra'ayah al-Muhasibi or Maqasid al-Ri'ayah li Huquqillah,
Usool
Qawa'id al-Kubra or by its full title; Qawa'id al-Ahkam fi Masalih al-Anam. Its popular commentary is available by Imam al-Qarafi who was one of his students.
Al-Qawa'id al-Sughra, or al-Fawa'id fi Mukhtasar al-Qawa'id; is an abridgement of the above title.
Al-Imam fi Bayan Adillat al-Ahkam, or ad-Dala'il al-Muta'aliqah bi'l Mala'ikah wa'l Nabiyin,
Fiqh
Al-Ghayah fi Ikhtisar al-Nihayah; is an abridgement of Nihayat al-Matlab fi Dirayat al-Madhab of imam al-Haramayn al-Juwayni.
Al-Jam' bayaan al-Hawi wa'l Nihayah; not known to have finished it.
Al-Fatawa al-Misriyyah, Al-Fatawa al-Musiliyyah, At-Targhib 'an Salat al-Ragha'ib, or by another title; al-Targhib 'an Salat al-Ragha'ib al-Mawdu'ah wa bayan ma fiha min Mukhalafat al-Sunan al-Mashru'ah, or by another title; Risalat fi Dhamm Salat al-Ragha'ib.
Risalat fi Radd Jawaz Salat al-Ragha'ib or by the title of Risalat fi Tafnid Radd Ibn al-Salah,
Maqasid al-Sawm,
Manasik al-Hajj,
Maqasid al-Salah,
Ahkam al-Jihad wa Fadha'ilihi,
ReceptionEdit
Zaki al-Din al-Mundhiri, the Shafi'i jurist, hadith expert and author stated that, "We used to give legal opinions before shaykh 'Izz al-Din arrived; now that he is among us we no longer do so."[2]
Qarafi describes Ibn 'Abd al-Salam as a "staunch defender of the sunna who had no fear of those in power."[13]
A number of sources report that Ibn 'Abd al-Salam reached the level of ijtihad transcending the Shafi'i madhab altogether.[2]
^ abcdefghijklBosworth, C.E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W.P.; Lecomte, G. (1997). Encyclopaedia of Islam. Vol. IX (San-Sze) (New ed.). Leiden, Netherlands: Brill. p. 812. ISBN9004104224.
^ abcdefJackson, Sherman (1996). Islamic Law and the State: The Constitutional Jurisprudence of Shihab Al-Din Al-Qarafi (Studies in Islamic Law & Society). Brill. p. 10. ISBN9004104585.
^ abElmore, Gerald T. (1999). Islamic Sainthood in the Fullness of Time: Ibn Al-Arabi's Book of the Fabulous Gryphon (Islamic Philosophy, Theology, and Science). Brill Academic Pub. p. 45. ISBN9004109919.
^ abcdNamira Nahouza (2018). Wahhabism and the Rise of the New Salafists: Theology, Power and Sunni Islam. I.B.Tauris & Co. Ltd. p. 25. ISBN9781788311427. al-Mulha fi i'tiqad ahl al-haqq, by al-'Izz ibn 'Abd al-Salam al-Sulami, who was believed to have reached the level of mujtahid (a Muslim scholar who possesses the aptitude to form his own judgement on questions concerning the Islamic Law using personal effort) and who was an Ash'ari and Shafi'i scholar.
^العز بن عبد السلام، محمد الزحيلي، ص19-22 16 December 2019 at the Wayback Machine
^ ab. Archived from the original on December 16, 2019 – via Internet Archive.
^. islamstory.com. Archived from the original on December 19, 2016.
^. IslamKotob. Archived from the original on December 16, 2019 – via Google Books.
^ abcKeller, Nuh Ha Mim (1997). Reliance of the Traveller. A classic manual of Islamic Sacred Law. Beltsville, Maryland: Amana Publications. p. 1064. ISBN0915957728.
^العز بن عبد السلام، محمد الزحيلي، ص40-41 16 December 2019 at the Wayback Machine
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You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Arabic April 2019 Click show for important translation instructions Machine translation like DeepL or Google Translate is a useful starting point for translations but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate rather than simply copy pasting machine translated text into the English Wikipedia Consider adding a topic to this template there are already 382 articles in the main category and specifying topic will aid in categorization Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low quality If possible verify the text with references provided in the foreign language article You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing Arabic Wikipedia article at ar العز بن عبد السلام see its history for attribution You should also add the template Translated ar العز بن عبد السلام to the talk page For more guidance see Wikipedia Translation Abu Muḥammad ʿIzz al Din ʿAbd al ʿAziz bin ʿAbd al Salam bin Abi al Qasim bin Ḥasan al Sulami al Shafiʿi Arabic أبو محمد عز الدين عبد العزيز بن عبد السلام بن أبي القاسم بن حسن الس ل مي الشافعي 577 AH 660 AH 1262 CE also known by his titles Sultan al Ulama Sulthanul Ulama Abu Muhammad al Sulami was a famous mujtahid Ash ari theologian jurist and the leading Shafi i authority of his generation 1 5 6 He was described by Al Dhahabi as someone who attained the rank of ijtihad with asceticism and piety and the command of virtue and forbidding of what is evil and solidity in religion 7 He was described by Ibn al Imad al Hanbali as the sheikh of Islam the imam of the scholar the lone of his era the authority of scholars who excelled in jurisprudence origins and the Arabic language and reached the rank of ijtihad and received students who traveled to him from all over the country 8 Al Izz ibn Abd is SalamTitleSulṭan al Ulama 1 Shaykh al Islam 2 PersonalBornAH 577 1181 1182 CE 1 Damascus 1 DiedAH 660 1262 CE 1 3 4 ReligionIslamEraMedieval eraRegionArab WorldJurisprudenceShafi i 1 3 4 CreedAsh ari 4 Main interest s Islamic theology Hadith Islamic jurisprudenceMuslim leaderInfluenced by Ibn Asakir 1 Sayf al Din al Amidi Suhrawardi Abul Hasan al ShadhiliInfluenced Ibn Daqiq al Eid 1 Al Izz Bin Abdul Salam was born in Damascus in 577 AH 1181 AD where he grew up He studied the sciences of the Sharia and the Arabic language and he preached at the Umayyad Mosque and taught in the corner of Al Ghazali He was famous for his knowledge until he reached out to students from the country which led to his incarceration He then migrated to Egypt where he was appointed a judge and he taught and advised and was appointed to preach at the Mosque of Amr Ibn Al As and incited people to fight the Mongols and the Crusaders and participated in jihad himself He died in Cairo in the year 660 AH 1262 AD 6 Contents 1 Birth and education 2 Imprisonment 3 Egypt 4 Name and Lineage 5 Works 6 Reception 7 Death 8 See also 9 ReferencesBirth and education EditIbn Abd al Salam was born in Damascus in 577 AH 1 He received his education in Damascus by such scholars as Ibn Asakir and Jamal al Din al Harastani in Sacred law Sayf al Din al Amidi in usul al Fiqh and theology and Tasawwuf with Suhrawardi and Abul Hasan al Shadhili 1 Imprisonment EditIn Damascus as sermon giver khatib of the Umayyad Mosque he openly defied what he considered to be unsanctioned customs followed by the other sermon givers he refused to wear black refused to say his sermons in saj rhymed prose and refused to praise the princes When al Salih Ismail Emir of Damascus made capitulatory concessions to Theobald I of Navarre during the Barons Crusade ibn Abd al Salam condemned him from the pulpit and omitted mentioning him in the post sermon prayer He was consequently jailed and upon release emigrated to Ayyubid Egypt 2 9 Egypt EditHaving left Damascus Ibn Abd al Salam settled in Cairo where he was appointed chief judge and Imam of the Friday prayer gaining such public influence that he could and did command the right and forbid the wrong with the force of the law 2 9 Ibn Abd al Salam later resigned from the judiciary and undertook a career as a teacher of Shafi i law at the Salihiyya a college founded in the heart of Cairo by al Malik al Salih which had then barely been completed and which was in Egypt the first establishment providing instruction in the four rites The biographers indicate that he was the first to teach Qur anic commentary in Egypt 1 Ibn Abd al Salam s exploits eventually earned him the title Sultan al Ulema Sultan of the scholars 2 Name and Lineage EditAccording to the consensus of scholars and the consensus of the approved sources His name was Abdul Aziz bin Abdul Salam bin Abi Al Qasim bin Hassan bin Muhammad bin Mudhahb 10 11 12 Works EditHe produced a number of brilliant works in Shafi i jurisprudence Qur anic jurisprudence tafsir methodological fundamentals in Sacred Law formal legal opinion government and Sufism though his main and enduring contribution was his masterpiece on Islamic legal principles transl ara transl Qawa id al ahkam fi masalih al anam 9 Some of his more popular works are on Qur aan Tafsir al Qur an al Azim Mukhtasar al Nukat wa l Uyun lil Imam al Mawardi Al Isharah ila al Ijaz Fawa id fi Mushkil al Qur an AmaliHadith Sirah Mukhtasar Sahih Muslim Bidayat al Sul fi Tafdhil al Rasul available in its translated form as The Beginning of The Quest of the High Esteem of the Messenger Targhib Ahl al Islam fi Sakni al Sham Aqeedah Al Mulhat fi I tiqad Ahl al Haqq 4 or by its other title al Radd ala al Mubtadi ah wa l Hashawiyah transmitted by his son Abd al Latif Al Farq bayn al Iman wa l Islam or Ma na al Iman wa l Islam Al Anwa fi ilm al Tawhid Bayan Ahwal al Nas yawm al Qiyamah Tasawwuf Raqa iq Shajarat al Arif wa l Ahwal wasalih al Aqwal wa l A mal Al Fitan wa l Balaya wa l Mihan Mukhtasar Ra ayah al Muhasibi or Maqasid al Ri ayah li Huquqillah Usool Qawa id al Kubra or by its full title Qawa id al Ahkam fi Masalih al Anam Its popular commentary is available by Imam al Qarafi who was one of his students Al Qawa id al Sughra or al Fawa id fi Mukhtasar al Qawa id is an abridgement of the above title Al Imam fi Bayan Adillat al Ahkam or ad Dala il al Muta aliqah bi l Mala ikah wa l Nabiyin Fiqh Al Ghayah fi Ikhtisar al Nihayah is an abridgement of Nihayat al Matlab fi Dirayat al Madhab of imam al Haramayn al Juwayni Al Jam bayaan al Hawi wa l Nihayah not known to have finished it Al Fatawa al Misriyyah Al Fatawa al Musiliyyah At Targhib an Salat al Ragha ib or by another title al Targhib an Salat al Ragha ib al Mawdu ah wa bayan ma fiha min Mukhalafat al Sunan al Mashru ah or by another title Risalat fi Dhamm Salat al Ragha ib Risalat fi Radd Jawaz Salat al Ragha ib or by the title of Risalat fi Tafnid Radd Ibn al Salah Maqasid al Sawm Manasik al Hajj Maqasid al Salah Ahkam al Jihad wa Fadha ilihi Reception EditZaki al Din al Mundhiri the Shafi i jurist hadith expert and author stated that We used to give legal opinions before shaykh Izz al Din arrived now that he is among us we no longer do so 2 Qarafi describes Ibn Abd al Salam as a staunch defender of the sunna who had no fear of those in power 13 A number of sources report that Ibn Abd al Salam reached the level of ijtihad transcending the Shafi i madhab altogether 2 Death EditHe died in Cairo in 660 AH 1 See also EditList of Ash aris and MaturidisReferences Edit a b c d e f g h i j k l Bosworth C E van Donzel E Heinrichs W P Lecomte G 1997 Encyclopaedia of Islam Vol IX San Sze New ed Leiden Netherlands Brill p 812 ISBN 9004104224 a b c d e f Jackson Sherman 1996 Islamic Law and the State The Constitutional Jurisprudence of Shihab Al Din Al Qarafi Studies in Islamic Law amp Society Brill p 10 ISBN 9004104585 a b Elmore Gerald T 1999 Islamic Sainthood in the Fullness of Time Ibn Al Arabi s Book of the Fabulous Gryphon Islamic Philosophy Theology and Science Brill Academic Pub p 45 ISBN 9004109919 a b c d Namira Nahouza 2018 Wahhabism and the Rise of the New Salafists Theology Power and Sunni Islam I B Tauris amp Co Ltd p 25 ISBN 9781788311427 al Mulha fi i tiqad ahl al haqq by al Izz ibn Abd al Salam al Sulami who was believed to have reached the level of mujtahid a Muslim scholar who possesses the aptitude to form his own judgement on questions concerning the Islamic Law using personal effort and who was an Ash ari and Shafi i scholar العز بن عبد السلام محمد الزحيلي ص19 22 Archived 16 December 2019 at the Wayback Machine a b WAQ57707 Archived from the original on December 16 2019 via Internet Archive قصة الإسلام islamstory com Archived from the original on December 19 2016 شذرات الذهب في أخبار من ذهب ـ المجلد السابع IslamKotob Archived from the original on December 16 2019 via Google Books a b c Keller Nuh Ha Mim 1997 Reliance of the Traveller A classic manual of Islamic Sacred Law Beltsville Maryland Amana Publications p 1064 ISBN 0915957728 العز بن عبد السلام محمد الزحيلي ص40 41 Archived 16 December 2019 at the Wayback Machine طبقات الشافعية الكبرى تاج الدين السبكي هجر للطباعة والنشر والتوزيع الطبعة الثانية 1413هـ ج8 ص209 Archived from the original on July 4 2017 الشيخ عز الدين بن عبد السلام علي الصلابي ص6 Archived from the original on September 25 2017 Holmes Katz Marion 2007 The Birth of The Prophet Muhammad Devotional Piety in Sunni Islam Routledge p 1064 ISBN 978 0415771276 Portals nbsp Biography nbsp Islam Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Izz al Din ibn 27Abd al Salam amp oldid 1177228939, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
