Ivan Mažuranić (pronounced [ǐʋan maʒǔranitɕ]; 11 August 1814 – 4 August 1890) was a Croatian poet, linguist, lawyer and politician who is considered to be one of the most important figures in Croatia's political and cultural life in the mid-19th century. Mažuranić served as Ban of Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia between 1873 and 1880, and since he was the first ban not to hail from old nobility, he was known as Ban pučanin (Ban commoner).
His realistic assessment of strengths and weaknesses of Croatia's position between Austrian bureaucracy and Hungarian expansionist nationalism proved invaluable to his home country during the wider political turmoil in mid and late 19th century Europe. Mažuranić is best remembered for his contributions to the development of the Croatian law system, economics, linguistics, and poetry.
Ivan Mažuranić was born on 11 August 1814 as the third of four sons into a well-to-do yeoman family of Ivan Mažuranić Petrov in Novi Vinodolski in northern coastal Croatia.[1] His brother Josip was in charge of taking care of the family estate, Anton was a famous jurist and philologist, while Matija (a blacksmith by profession) was a travel writer who wrote "A Look at Bosnia" (1842) in which he described the private and public life of Ottoman Bosnia and Herzegovina.[2] Mažuranić became a man of many abilities; he spoke 9 languages (Croatian, Latin, Italian, German, Hungarian, French, English, Czech, and Polish) and was well versed in astronomy and mathematics. He attended elementary school in Novi Vinodolski and high school in Rijeka, after which he studied law at the University of Zagreb (1835–1837) and philosophy at the University of West Hungary.[3] After graduation he worked as a gymnasium teacher in Zagreb, and afterwards as a lawyer in Karlovac. He married Aleksandra Demeter, the sister of the renowned Croatian poet Dimitrija Demeter.[4]
Politics
Mažuranić was the first Croatian ban not to hail from old nobility, as he was born a commoner.[5] He held the office from 20 September 1873 until 21 February 1880. He was a member of the People's Party.[citation needed]
He accomplished the Croatian transition from a semi-feudal legal and economic system to a modern civil society similar to those emerging in other countries in central Europe.[citation needed]
Mažuranić has modernized Croatia's educational system by forming a public school network[5] and reducing the importance of denominational schools.[3] The latter was one of the issues that led to his later resignation as ban in 1880[3] and a process criticized by the Catholic Church at the time, as well as by ethnic Serb politicians in the Parliament of Croatia-Slavonia.[6] Others consider this to have been a necessary step in modernization and secularization of Croatian society.[citation needed]
Almost immediately after his election as Ban, Mažuranić started with the implementation of comprehensive reforms. During the period of his rule, the Sabor passed 60 laws covering the whole area of Croatian autonomous jurisdiction. The ideological foundation of his reforms were liberal, emphasizing the importance of the Constitution, individual rights, education, science and laissez faire. The main goal of his reforms was to form foundations of the organization of autonomous Croatian government and establishment of a modern and efficient political-administrative system.[1]
In his native land, Mažuranić is above all the beloved poet of Smrt Smail-age Čengića (The Death of Smail-aga Čengić).[3] This epic poem is full of memorable verses that have become embedded in the national memory of his people, who cherished it as the treasure of a "Homeric" wisdom praising such epic virtues as fortitude, fidelity, and justice.
The tale is based on an assault in Montenegro, when a petty local Muslim tyrant was killed, as an act of vendetta, in an ambush set by Montenegrins. Mažuranić's poetry transformed a rather prosaic act of tribal revenge into a hymn celebrating the struggle for freedom—acted out under the hostile forces of fatality.
Ljutit aga mrko gleda Gdje se silom divit mora Silan arslan gorskom mišu.
The angry aga glumly glances As he, the mighty lion, is forced To admire the mountain mouse.
Mažuranić's linguistic work is remarkable for its influence. He co-authored the "German-Illyrian/Croatian Dictionary" with Josip Užarević in 1842.[3] Mažuranić had coined words that have become commonplace in standard Croatian such as words for bank accountancy, rhinoceros, sculptor, ice-cream, market economy, high treason or metropolis.
Legacy
Ivan Mažuranić Square in Zagreb is named in his honor, and there are numerous streets named after him throughout Croatia. His portrait was depicted on the obverse of the Croatian 100 kuna banknote, issued in 1993 and 2002.[7][8][9] During the Croatian accession to the European Union, Nova TV launched a campaign 'I believe in Croatia' referring to the introduction of Mažuranić's famous speech that he gave on 13 December 1886 before the Sabor; "I believe in Croatia, in its past, in its present and its future."[1][10]
^Čepulo, Dalibor (2002). (PDF). In Fleck, Hans-Georg; Graovac, Igor (eds.). Dijalog povjesničara-istoričara: Herceg-Novi, 1-4. ožujka 2001 (in Croatian). Zagreb: Zaklada Friedrich Naumann. pp. 287–304. ISBN953-6922-01-0. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 July 2014. Retrieved 15 May 2012.
ivan, mažuranić, pronounced, ǐʋan, maʒǔranitɕ, august, 1814, august, 1890, croatian, poet, linguist, lawyer, politician, considered, most, important, figures, croatia, political, cultural, life, 19th, century, mažuranić, served, kingdom, croatia, slavonia, bet. Ivan Mazuranic pronounced ǐʋan maʒǔranitɕ 11 August 1814 4 August 1890 was a Croatian poet linguist lawyer and politician who is considered to be one of the most important figures in Croatia s political and cultural life in the mid 19th century Mazuranic served as Ban of Kingdom of Croatia Slavonia between 1873 and 1880 and since he was the first ban not to hail from old nobility he was known as Ban pucanin Ban commoner Ivan MazuranicPortrait of Ivan MazuranicBan of Croatia SlavoniaIn office 20 September 1873 21 February 1880MonarchFranz Joseph IPreceded byAntun VakanovicSucceeded byLadislav PejacevicPersonal detailsBorn 1814 08 11 11 August 1814Novi Vinodolski Kingdom of Croatia Austrian Empire now Croatia Died4 August 1890 1890 08 04 aged 75 Zagreb Kingdom of Croatia Slavonia Austria Hungary now Croatia NationalityCroatianPolitical partyPeople s PartyIndependent People s PartySpouseAleksandra DemeterRelativesIvana Brlic Mazuranic granddaughter Alma materUniversity of ZagrebUniversity of West HungaryOccupationPoet lawyer politicianKnown forThe Death of Smail aga Cengic poem SignatureHis realistic assessment of strengths and weaknesses of Croatia s position between Austrian bureaucracy and Hungarian expansionist nationalism proved invaluable to his home country during the wider political turmoil in mid and late 19th century Europe Mazuranic is best remembered for his contributions to the development of the Croatian law system economics linguistics and poetry Contents 1 Life and education 2 Politics 3 Poetry and linguistics 4 Legacy 5 See also 6 References 7 External linksLife and education EditIvan Mazuranic was born on 11 August 1814 as the third of four sons into a well to do yeoman family of Ivan Mazuranic Petrov in Novi Vinodolski in northern coastal Croatia 1 His brother Josip was in charge of taking care of the family estate Anton was a famous jurist and philologist while Matija a blacksmith by profession was a travel writer who wrote A Look at Bosnia 1842 in which he described the private and public life of Ottoman Bosnia and Herzegovina 2 Mazuranic became a man of many abilities he spoke 9 languages Croatian Latin Italian German Hungarian French English Czech and Polish and was well versed in astronomy and mathematics He attended elementary school in Novi Vinodolski and high school in Rijeka after which he studied law at the University of Zagreb 1835 1837 and philosophy at the University of West Hungary 3 After graduation he worked as a gymnasium teacher in Zagreb and afterwards as a lawyer in Karlovac He married Aleksandra Demeter the sister of the renowned Croatian poet Dimitrija Demeter 4 Politics EditMazuranic was the first Croatian ban not to hail from old nobility as he was born a commoner 5 He held the office from 20 September 1873 until 21 February 1880 He was a member of the People s Party citation needed He accomplished the Croatian transition from a semi feudal legal and economic system to a modern civil society similar to those emerging in other countries in central Europe citation needed Mazuranic has modernized Croatia s educational system by forming a public school network 5 and reducing the importance of denominational schools 3 The latter was one of the issues that led to his later resignation as ban in 1880 3 and a process criticized by the Catholic Church at the time as well as by ethnic Serb politicians in the Parliament of Croatia Slavonia 6 Others consider this to have been a necessary step in modernization and secularization of Croatian society citation needed Almost immediately after his election as Ban Mazuranic started with the implementation of comprehensive reforms During the period of his rule the Sabor passed 60 laws covering the whole area of Croatian autonomous jurisdiction The ideological foundation of his reforms were liberal emphasizing the importance of the Constitution individual rights education science and laissez faire The main goal of his reforms was to form foundations of the organization of autonomous Croatian government and establishment of a modern and efficient political administrative system 1 Poetry and linguistics EditThis section needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed January 2011 Learn how and when to remove this template message Monument to Mazuranic in Zagreb In his native land Mazuranic is above all the beloved poet of Smrt Smail age Cengica The Death of Smail aga Cengic 3 This epic poem is full of memorable verses that have become embedded in the national memory of his people who cherished it as the treasure of a Homeric wisdom praising such epic virtues as fortitude fidelity and justice The tale is based on an assault in Montenegro when a petty local Muslim tyrant was killed as an act of vendetta in an ambush set by Montenegrins Mazuranic s poetry transformed a rather prosaic act of tribal revenge into a hymn celebrating the struggle for freedom acted out under the hostile forces of fatality Ljutit aga mrko gleda Gdje se silom divit mora Silan arslan gorskom misu The angry aga glumly glances As he the mighty lion is forced To admire the mountain mouse Following in the steps of Croatian poets like Kacic and Ivan Gundulic his chief national influence whose main epic Osman Mazuranic completed Mazuranic closed the era of Romanticism and of classic epic poetry in Croatian literature Mazuranic s linguistic work is remarkable for its influence He co authored the German Illyrian Croatian Dictionary with Josip Uzarevic in 1842 3 Mazuranic had coined words that have become commonplace in standard Croatian such as words for bank accountancy rhinoceros sculptor ice cream market economy high treason or metropolis Legacy EditIvan Mazuranic Square in Zagreb is named in his honor and there are numerous streets named after him throughout Croatia His portrait was depicted on the obverse of the Croatian 100 kuna banknote issued in 1993 and 2002 7 8 9 During the Croatian accession to the European Union Nova TV launched a campaign I believe in Croatia referring to the introduction of Mazuranic s famous speech that he gave on 13 December 1886 before the Sabor I believe in Croatia in its past in its present and its future 1 10 See also EditVienna Literary AgreementReferences Edit a b c Szabo Agneza Ban Ivan Mazuranic graditelj moderne hrvatske U povodu 200 obljetnice rođenja 1814 2014 PDF Matica hrvatska Falisevac Dunja 2014 Zivot i djelo Ivana Mazuranica Kolo Matica hrvatska 3 a b c d e Mandusic Iva Sunjic Ankica 2015 MAZURANIC Ivan Croatian Biographical Lexicon Leksikografski zavod Miroslav Krleza Dimitrija Demeter pjesnik i vatreni ilirac 1811 povijest hr a b Mazuranic Ivan Proleksis Encyclopedia 2013 Retrieved 26 October 2022 Cepulo Dalibor 2002 Ivan Mazuranic liberalne reforme Hrvatskog sabora 1873 1880 i srpska elita u Hrvatskoj PDF In Fleck Hans Georg Graovac Igor eds Dijalog povjesnicara istoricara Herceg Novi 1 4 ozujka 2001 in Croatian Zagreb Zaklada Friedrich Naumann pp 287 304 ISBN 953 6922 01 0 Archived from the original PDF on 14 July 2014 Retrieved 15 May 2012 Croatian National Bank Features of Kuna Banknotes Archived 6 May 2009 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on 30 March 2009 Croatian National Bank 100 kuna 1993 issue Archived 4 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on 30 March 2009 Croatian National Bank 100 kuna 2002 issue Archived 4 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on 30 March 2009 Govor Ivana Mazuranica u Saboru 13 prosinca 1886 Hrvatski Sabor External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ivan Mazuranic Political officesPreceded byAntun Vakanovic Ban of the Kingdom of Croatia Slavonia1873 1880 Succeeded byLadislav PejacevicCultural officesPreceded byAmbroz Vranyczany President of Matica hrvatska1858 1872 Succeeded byMatija Mesic Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Ivan Mazuranic amp oldid 1132601542, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
