Ionic conductivity (denoted by λ) is a measure of a substance's tendency towards ionic conduction. Ionic conduction is the movement of ions. The phenomenon is observed in solids and solutions. Ionic conduction is one mechanism of current.[1]
In most solids, ions rigidly occupy fixed positions, strongly embraced by neighboring atoms or ions. In some solids, selected ions are highly mobile allowing ionic conduction. The mobility increases with temperature. Materials exhibiting this property are used in batteries. A well-known ion conductive solid is β''-alumina ("BASE"), a form of aluminium oxide that has channels through which sodium cations can hop. When this ceramic is complexed with a mobile ion, such as Na+, it behaves as so-called fast ion conductor. BASE is used as a membrane in several types of molten saltelectrochemical cell.[2]
In glassesedit
Ion conduction in disordered solids like glasses, polymers, nanocomposites, defective crystals and other disordered solids plays an important role in technology.[3]
Historyedit
Ionic conduction in solids has been a subject of interest since the beginning of the 19th century. Michael Faraday established in 1839 that the laws of electrolysis are also obeyed in ionic solids like lead(II) fluoride (PbF2) and silver sulfide (Ag2S). In 1921, solid silver iodide (AgI) was found to have had extraordinary high ionic conductivity at temperatures above 147 °C, AgI changes into a phase that has an ionic conductivity of ~ 1 –1 cm−1. This high temperature phase of AgI is an example of a superionic conductor. The disordered structure of this solid allows the Ag+ ions to move easily. The present record holder for ionic conductivity is the related material Ag2HgI4.[4] β''-alumina was developed at the Ford Motor Company in the search for a storage device for electric vehicles while developing the sodium–sulfur battery.[2]
^Richard Turton. (2000).The Physics of Solids. New York:: Oxford University Press. ISBN0-19-850352-0.
^ abLu, Xiaochuan; Xia, Guanguang; Lemmon, John P.; Yang, Zhenguo (2010). "Advanced materials for sodium-beta alumina batteries: Status, challenges and perspectives". Journal of Power Sources. 195 (9): 2431–2442. Bibcode:2010JPS...195.2431L. doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2009.11.120.
^Dyre, Jeppe C; Maass, Philipp; Roling, Bernhard; Sidebottom, David L (2009). "Fundamental questions relating to ion conduction in disordered solids". Reports on Progress in Physics. 72 (4): 046501. arXiv:0803.2107. Bibcode:2009RPPh...72d6501D. doi:10.1088/0034-4885/72/4/046501. ISSN 0034-4885. S2CID 53075476.
ionic, conductivity, solid, state, ionic, conductivity, denoted, measure, substance, tendency, towards, ionic, conduction, ionic, conduction, movement, ions, phenomenon, observed, solids, solutions, ionic, conduction, mechanism, current, proton, conductor, sta. Ionic conductivity denoted by l is a measure of a substance s tendency towards ionic conduction Ionic conduction is the movement of ions The phenomenon is observed in solids and solutions Ionic conduction is one mechanism of current 1 A proton conductor in a static electric field Contents 1 In crystalline solids 2 In glasses 2 1 History 3 See also 4 References 5 External linksIn crystalline solids editIn most solids ions rigidly occupy fixed positions strongly embraced by neighboring atoms or ions In some solids selected ions are highly mobile allowing ionic conduction The mobility increases with temperature Materials exhibiting this property are used in batteries A well known ion conductive solid is b alumina BASE a form of aluminium oxide that has channels through which sodium cations can hop When this ceramic is complexed with a mobile ion such as Na it behaves as so called fast ion conductor BASE is used as a membrane in several types of molten salt electrochemical cell 2 In glasses editIon conduction in disordered solids like glasses polymers nanocomposites defective crystals and other disordered solids plays an important role in technology 3 History edit Ionic conduction in solids has been a subject of interest since the beginning of the 19th century Michael Faraday established in 1839 that the laws of electrolysis are also obeyed in ionic solids like lead II fluoride PbF2 and silver sulfide Ag2S In 1921 solid silver iodide AgI was found to have had extraordinary high ionic conductivity at temperatures above 147 C AgI changes into a phase that has an ionic conductivity of 1 1 cm 1 This high temperature phase of AgI is an example of a superionic conductor The disordered structure of this solid allows the Ag ions to move easily The present record holder for ionic conductivity is the related material Ag2HgI4 4 b alumina was developed at the Ford Motor Company in the search for a storage device for electric vehicles while developing the sodium sulfur battery 2 See also editLattice energy Fast ion conductor NASICONReferences edit Richard Turton 2000 The Physics of Solids New York Oxford University Press ISBN 0 19 850352 0 a b Lu Xiaochuan Xia Guanguang Lemmon John P Yang Zhenguo 2010 Advanced materials for sodium beta alumina batteries Status challenges and perspectives Journal of Power Sources 195 9 2431 2442 Bibcode 2010JPS 195 2431L doi 10 1016 j jpowsour 2009 11 120 Dyre Jeppe C Maass Philipp Roling Bernhard Sidebottom David L 2009 Fundamental questions relating to ion conduction in disordered solids Reports on Progress in Physics 72 4 046501 arXiv 0803 2107 Bibcode 2009RPPh 72d6501D doi 10 1088 0034 4885 72 4 046501 ISSN 0034 4885 S2CID 53075476 Greenwood Norman N Earnshaw Alan 1997 Chemistry of the Elements 2nd ed Butterworth Heinemann p 800 ISBN 978 0 08 037941 8 External links editJ Chem Phys nbsp This electrochemistry related article is a stub You can help Wikipedia by expanding it vte Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Ionic conductivity solid state amp oldid 1099084765, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
