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International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling

January 01, 1970

The International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling is an international environmental agreement aimed at the "proper conservation of whale stocks and thus make possible the orderly development of the whaling industry".[2] It governs the commercial, scientific, and aboriginal subsistence whaling practices of 88 member nations.[2]

States-parties to the International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling (in blue)[1]

The convention is a successor to the 1931 Geneva Convention for Regulation of Whaling and the 1937 International Agreement for the Regulation of Whaling, established in response to the overexploitation of whales in the post-World War I period.[3][4] Neither instrument was effective, but each provided the framework for the International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling, which was spearheaded by the United States and signed by 15 nations in Washington, D.C., on 3 December 1946;[3] the convention took effect on 10 November 1948.[5] A protocol broadening the scope of the convention's enforcement was signed on 19 November 1956.

The objectives of the International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling are to protect all whale species from overhunting; establish a system of international regulation for whale fisheries to ensure proper conservation and development of whale stocks; and safeguard for future generations the important natural resources represented by whale stocks. The primary instrument implementing these aims is the International Whaling Commission, established by the convention as its main decision-making body.[6] The IWC meets annually and adopts a binding "schedule" that regulates catch limits, whaling methods, protected areas, and the right to carry out scientific research involving the killing of whales.

Members edit

As of January 2021, there are 88 parties to the convention.[7] The initial signatories were Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Denmark, France, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Peru, South Africa, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom and the United States.

Although Norway is party to the convention, it maintains an objection to the 1986 IWC global moratorium and it does not apply to it.[8]

Withdrawals edit

Nine states have withdrawn from the convention since its ratification: Canada, Egypt, Guatemala, Greece, Jamaica, Mauritius, Philippines, the Seychelles and Venezuela.[9]

Belize, Brazil, Dominica, Ecuador, Iceland, Japan, New Zealand, and Panama have all withdrawn from the convention temporarily but ratified it second time;[9] the Netherlands, Norway, and Sweden have each withdrawn from the convention twice, only to have accepted it a third time.[9]

Japan is the most recent member to depart, in January 2019, so as to resume commercial whaling.[10]

Effectiveness edit

There have been consistent disagreement over the scope of the convention. The 1946 Convention does not define a 'whale'. Some members of IWC claim that it has the legal competence to regulate catches of only great whales (the baleen whales and the sperm whale). Others believe that all cetaceans, including the smaller dolphins and porpoises, fall within IWC jurisdiction.[11][12]

An analysis by the Carnegie Council determined that while the International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling has had "ambiguous success" owing to its internal divisions, it has nonetheless "successfully managed the historical transition from open whale hunting to highly restricted hunting. It has stopped all but the most highly motivated whale-hunting countries. This success has made its life more difficult, since it has left the hardest part of the problem for last."[13]

References edit

 
Wikisource has original text related to this article:
International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling
  1. ^ Membership 26 December 2018 at the Wayback Machine. iwcoffice.org. Retrieved on 23 July 2013.
  2. ^ a b (PDF). iwcoffice.org. Washington. 2 December 1946. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 April 2014. Retrieved 5 July 2015.
  3. ^ a b "International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling". United Nations. Retrieved 5 January 2021.
  4. ^ Hourihane, J. O. B. (1 July 1937). "International Agreement for the Regulation of Whaling". Nature. 140 (3535): 180–181. Bibcode:1937Natur.140..180J. doi:10.1038/140180a0. ISSN 1476-4687.
  5. ^ Key Documents 21 February 2007 at the Wayback Machine. iwcoffice.org. Retrieved on 23 July 2013.
  6. ^ "Where did the idea of the International Whaling Commission come from and why?". wwf.panda.org. Retrieved 5 January 2021.
  7. ^ International Whaling Commission. "Membership". iwc.int.
  8. ^ . Archived from the original on 13 January 2012. Retrieved 21 January 2012.
  9. ^ a b c "International convention for the regulation of whaling" (PDF). state.gov. Government of the United States. 10 August 2018. Retrieved 22 February 2024.
  10. ^ Normile, Dennis (10 January 2019). "Why Japan's exit from international whaling treaty may actually benefit whales". Science | AAAS. Retrieved 5 January 2021.
  11. ^ International Whaling Commission. . iwcoffice.org. Archived from the original on 27 July 2012.
  12. ^ "Cetacea". iwc.int.
  13. ^ . Ethics & International Affairs. 29 March 2012. Archived from the original on 21 May 2012. Retrieved 5 January 2021.

External links edit

  • Ratifications

January 01, 1970
international, convention, regulation, whaling, international, environmental, agreement, aimed, proper, conservation, whale, stocks, thus, make, possible, orderly, development, whaling, industry, governs, commercial, scientific, aboriginal, subsistence, whalin. The International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling is an international environmental agreement aimed at the proper conservation of whale stocks and thus make possible the orderly development of the whaling industry 2 It governs the commercial scientific and aboriginal subsistence whaling practices of 88 member nations 2 States parties to the International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling in blue 1 The convention is a successor to the 1931 Geneva Convention for Regulation of Whaling and the 1937 International Agreement for the Regulation of Whaling established in response to the overexploitation of whales in the post World War I period 3 4 Neither instrument was effective but each provided the framework for the International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling which was spearheaded by the United States and signed by 15 nations in Washington D C on 3 December 1946 3 the convention took effect on 10 November 1948 5 A protocol broadening the scope of the convention s enforcement was signed on 19 November 1956 The objectives of the International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling are to protect all whale species from overhunting establish a system of international regulation for whale fisheries to ensure proper conservation and development of whale stocks and safeguard for future generations the important natural resources represented by whale stocks The primary instrument implementing these aims is the International Whaling Commission established by the convention as its main decision making body 6 The IWC meets annually and adopts a binding schedule that regulates catch limits whaling methods protected areas and the right to carry out scientific research involving the killing of whales Contents 1 Members 1 1 Withdrawals 2 Effectiveness 3 References 4 External linksMembers editAs of January 2021 there are 88 parties to the convention 7 The initial signatories were Argentina Australia Brazil Canada Chile Denmark France the Netherlands New Zealand Norway Peru South Africa the Soviet Union the United Kingdom and the United States Although Norway is party to the convention it maintains an objection to the 1986 IWC global moratorium and it does not apply to it 8 Withdrawals edit Nine states have withdrawn from the convention since its ratification Canada Egypt Guatemala Greece Jamaica Mauritius Philippines the Seychelles and Venezuela 9 Belize Brazil Dominica Ecuador Iceland Japan New Zealand and Panama have all withdrawn from the convention temporarily but ratified it second time 9 the Netherlands Norway and Sweden have each withdrawn from the convention twice only to have accepted it a third time 9 Japan is the most recent member to depart in January 2019 so as to resume commercial whaling 10 Effectiveness editThere have been consistent disagreement over the scope of the convention The 1946 Convention does not define a whale Some members of IWC claim that it has the legal competence to regulate catches of only great whales the baleen whales and the sperm whale Others believe that all cetaceans including the smaller dolphins and porpoises fall within IWC jurisdiction 11 12 An analysis by the Carnegie Council determined that while the International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling has had ambiguous success owing to its internal divisions it has nonetheless successfully managed the historical transition from open whale hunting to highly restricted hunting It has stopped all but the most highly motivated whale hunting countries This success has made its life more difficult since it has left the hardest part of the problem for last 13 References edit nbsp Wikisource has original text related to this article International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling Membership Archived 26 December 2018 at the Wayback Machine iwcoffice org Retrieved on 23 July 2013 a b International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling PDF iwcoffice org Washington 2 December 1946 Archived from the original PDF on 7 April 2014 Retrieved 5 July 2015 a b International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling United Nations Retrieved 5 January 2021 Hourihane J O B 1 July 1937 International Agreement for the Regulation of Whaling Nature 140 3535 180 181 Bibcode 1937Natur 140 180J doi 10 1038 140180a0 ISSN 1476 4687 Key Documents Archived 21 February 2007 at the Wayback Machine iwcoffice org Retrieved on 23 July 2013 Where did the idea of the International Whaling Commission come from and why wwf panda org Retrieved 5 January 2021 International Whaling Commission Membership iwc int International Whaling Commission Archived from the original on 13 January 2012 Retrieved 21 January 2012 a b c International convention for the regulation of whaling PDF state gov Government of the United States 10 August 2018 Retrieved 22 February 2024 Normile Dennis 10 January 2019 Why Japan s exit from international whaling treaty may actually benefit whales Science AAAS Retrieved 5 January 2021 International Whaling Commission Cetacea iwcoffice org Archived from the original on 27 July 2012 Cetacea iwc int Almost Saving Whales The Ambiguity of Success at the International Whaling Commission Full Text Ethics amp International Affairs 29 March 2012 Archived from the original on 21 May 2012 Retrieved 5 January 2021 External links edit nbsp Oceans portal Text of the Convention at the IWC website Ratifications Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling amp oldid 1220766268, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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