The IL-15 receptor is composed of three subunits: IL-15R alpha, CD122, and CD132. Two of these subunits, CD122 and CD132, are shared with the receptor for IL-2, but IL-2 receptor has an additional subunit (CD25). The shared subunits contain the cytoplasmic motifs required for signal transduction, and this forms the basis of many overlapping biological activities of IL15 and IL2, although in vivo the two cytokines have separate biological effects. This may be due to effects of the respective alpha chains, which are unique to each receptor, the kinetics and affinity of cytokine-cytokine receptor binding, or due to the availability and concentration of each cytokine.
Functionedit
IL-15Ralpha specifically binds IL15 with very high affinity,[6] and is capable of binding IL-15 independently of other subunits. It is suggested that this property allows IL-15 to be produced by one cell, endocytosed by another cell, and then presented to a third party cell.[7]
This receptor is reported to enhance cell proliferation and expression of apoptosis inhibitor BCL2L1/BCL2-XL and BCL2. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants of this gene have been reported. The full length sequences of only two variants encoding distinct isoforms are available.[5]
Isoformsedit
Several isoforms of the IL-15Ralpha protein have been detected. These isoforms can either result from alternative splicing of the mRNA encoding for the receptor or by shedding of the extra cellular domain of the receptor protein.
Referencesedit
^ abcGRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000134470 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ abcGRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000023206 – Ensembl, May 2017
^"Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^"Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^Giri JG, Ahdieh M, Eisenman J, Shanebeck K, Grabstein K, Kumaki S, Namen A, Park LS, Cosman D, Anderson D (1994). "Utilization of the beta and gamma chains of the IL-2 receptor by the novel cytokine IL-15". EMBO J. 13 (12): 2822–30. doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1994.tb06576.x. PMC395163. PMID 8026467.
^Dubois S, Mariner J, Waldmann TA, Tagaya Y (2002). "IL-15Ralpha recycles and presents IL-15 In trans to neighboring cells". Immunity. 17 (5): 537–47. doi:10.1016/s1074-7613(02)00429-6. PMID 12433361. (primary source)
Further readingedit
Giri JG, Kumaki S, Ahdieh M, Friend DJ, Loomis A, Shanebeck K, DuBose R, Cosman D, Park LS, Anderson DM (1995). "Identification and cloning of a novel IL-15 binding protein that is structurally related to the alpha chain of the IL-2 receptor". EMBO J. 14 (15): 3654–63. doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1995.tb00035.x. PMC394440. PMID 7641685.
Jacob CO, Mykytyn K, Varcony T, Drabkin HA (1993). "Mapping of the interleukin 5 receptor gene to human chromosome 3 p25-p26 and to mouse chromosome 6 close to the Raf-1 locus with polymorphic tandem repeat sequences". Mamm. Genome. 4 (8): 435–9. doi:10.1007/BF00296817. PMID 8104057. S2CID 7862651.
Anderson DM, Kumaki S, Ahdieh M, Bertles J, Tometsko M, Loomis A, Giri J, Copeland NG, Gilbert DJ, Jenkins NA (1995). "Functional characterization of the human interleukin-15 receptor alpha chain and close linkage of IL15RA and IL2RA genes". J. Biol. Chem. 270 (50): 29862–9. doi:10.1074/jbc.270.50.29862. PMID 8530383.
Andersson B, Wentland MA, Ricafrente JY, Liu W, Gibbs RA (1996). "A "double adaptor" method for improved shotgun library construction". Anal. Biochem. 236 (1): 107–13. doi:10.1006/abio.1996.0138. PMID 8619474.
Yu W, Andersson B, Worley KC, Muzny DM, Ding Y, Liu W, Ricafrente JY, Wentland MA, Lennon G, Gibbs RA (1997). "Large-scale concatenation cDNA sequencing". Genome Res. 7 (4): 353–8. doi:10.1101/gr.7.4.353. PMC139146. PMID 9110174.
Dubois S, Magrangeas F, Lehours P, Raher S, Bernard J, Boisteau O, Leroy S, Minvielle S, Godard A, Jacques Y (1999). "Natural splicing of exon 2 of human interleukin-15 receptor alpha-chain mRNA results in a shortened form with a distinct pattern of expression". J. Biol. Chem. 274 (38): 26978–84. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.38.26978. PMID 10480910.
Pereno R, Giron-Michel J, Gaggero A, Cazes E, Meazza R, Monetti M, Monaco E, Mishal Z, Jasmin C, Indiveri F, Ferrini S, Azzarone B (2000). "IL-15/IL-15Ralpha intracellular trafficking in human melanoma cells and signal transduction through the IL-15Ralpha". Oncogene. 19 (45): 5153–62. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1203873. PMID 11064452.
Mariner JM, Lantz V, Waldmann TA, Azimi N (2001). "Human T cell lymphotropic virus type I Tax activates IL-15R alpha gene expression through an NF-kappa B site". J. Immunol. 166 (4): 2602–9. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.166.4.2602. PMID 11160322.
Asao H, Okuyama C, Kumaki S, Ishii N, Tsuchiya S, Foster D, Sugamura K (2001). "Cutting edge: the common gamma-chain is an indispensable subunit of the IL-21 receptor complex". J. Immunol. 167 (1): 1–5. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.167.1.1. PMID 11418623.
Wu TS, Lee JM, Lai YG, Hsu JC, Tsai CY, Lee YH, Liao NS (2002). "Reduced expression of Bcl-2 in CD8+ T cells deficient in the IL-15 receptor alpha-chain". J. Immunol. 168 (2): 705–12. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.168.2.705. PMID 11777964.
Khan IA, Moretto M, Wei XQ, Williams M, Schwartzman JD, Liew FY (2002). "Treatment with soluble interleukin-15Ralpha exacerbates intracellular parasitic infection by blocking the development of memory CD8+ T cell response". J. Exp. Med. 195 (11): 1463–70. doi:10.1084/jem.20011915. PMC2193543. PMID 12045244.
Kurowska M, Rudnicka W, Maślińska D, Maśliński W (2002). "Expression of IL-15 and IL-15 receptor isoforms in select structures of human fetal brain". Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 966 (1): 441–5. Bibcode:2002NYASA.966..441K. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2002.tb04245.x. PMID 12114302. S2CID 35501431.
Comes A, Di Carlo E, Musiani P, Rosso O, Meazza R, Chiodoni C, Colombo MP, Ferrini S (2002). "IFN-gamma-independent synergistic effects of IL-12 and IL-15 induce anti-tumor immune responses in syngeneic mice". Eur. J. Immunol. 32 (7): 1914–23. doi:10.1002/1521-4141(200207)32:7<1914::AID-IMMU1914>3.0.CO;2-P. PMID 12115611. S2CID 46650793.
Bernard J, Harb C, Mortier E, Quéméner A, Meloen RH, Vermot-Desroches C, Wijdeness J, van Dijken P, Grötzinger J, Slootstra JW, Plet A, Jacques Y (2004). "Identification of an interleukin-15alpha receptor-binding site on human interleukin-15". J. Biol. Chem. 279 (23): 24313–22. doi:10.1074/jbc.M312458200. PMID 15039446.
Vámosi G, Bodnár A, Vereb G, Jenei A, Goldman CK, Langowski J, Tóth K, Mátyus L, Szöllösi J, Waldmann TA, Damjanovich S (2004). "IL-2 and IL-15 receptor alpha-subunits are coexpressed in a supramolecular receptor cluster in lipid rafts of T cells". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 101 (30): 11082–7. Bibcode:2004PNAS..10111082V. doi:10.1073/pnas.0403916101. PMC503744. PMID 15263076.
Mortier E, Bernard J, Plet A, Jacques Y (2004). "Natural, proteolytic release of a soluble form of human IL-15 receptor alpha-chain that behaves as a specific, high affinity IL-15 antagonist". J. Immunol. 173 (3): 1681–8. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.173.3.1681. PMID 15265897.
This article on a gene on human chromosome 10 is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
interleukin, receptor, alpha, subunit, subunit, interleukin, receptor, that, humans, encoded, il15ra, gene, il15raavailable, structurespdbortholog, search, pdbe, rcsblist, codes2ers, 2z3q, 2z3r, 4gs7identifiersaliasesil15ra, cd215, interleukin, receptor, subun. Interleukin 15 receptor alpha subunit is a subunit of the interleukin 15 receptor that in humans is encoded by the IL15RA gene 5 IL15RAAvailable structuresPDBOrtholog search PDBe RCSBList of PDB id codes2ERS 2Z3Q 2Z3R 4GS7IdentifiersAliasesIL15RA CD215 Interleukin 15 receptor alpha subunit interleukin 15 receptor subunit alphaExternal IDsOMIM 601070 MGI 104644 HomoloGene 1650 GeneCards IL15RAGene location Human Chr Chromosome 10 human 1 Band10p15 1Start5 943 639 bp 1 End5 978 187 bp 1 Gene location Mouse Chr Chromosome 2 mouse 2 Band2 A1 2 8 97 cMStart11 710 101 bp 2 End11 739 128 bp 2 RNA expression patternBgeeHumanMouse ortholog Top expressed inright lungupper lobe of left lungcanal of the cervixgallbladdergastric mucosaleft uterine tuberight coronary arterysubcutaneous adipose tissuebody of stomachleft coronary arteryTop expressed inbrown adipose tissueextraocular muscleankle jointleft lobe of liversubmandibular glandsubcutaneous adipose tissueright ventriclelipintercostal musclethoracic diaphragmMore reference expression dataBioGPSMore reference expression dataGene ontologyMolecular functioncytokine receptor activity protein binding signal transducer activity protein kinase binding interleukin 15 receptor activityCellular componentcytoplasmic vesicle integral component of membrane extracellular region Golgi membrane Golgi apparatus nuclear membrane endoplasmic reticulum membrane cytoplasmic vesicle membrane nucleus endoplasmic reticulum membrane plasma membrane extracellular space endosome cell surfaceBiological processcell population proliferation signal transduction interleukin 15 mediated signaling pathway positive regulation of phagocytosisSources Amigo QuickGOOrthologsSpeciesHumanMouseEntrez360116169EnsemblENSG00000134470ENSMUSG00000023206UniProtQ13261Q60819RefSeq mRNA NM 001243539NM 001256765NM 002189NM 172200NM 001351095NM 001351096NM 001351097NM 001271497NM 001271498NM 001271499NM 001271500NM 001271501NM 008358NM 133836RefSeq protein NP 001230468NP 001243694NP 002180NP 751950NP 001338024NP 001338025NP 001338026NP 001258426NP 001258427NP 001258428NP 001258429NP 001258430NP 032384NP 598597Location UCSC Chr 10 5 94 5 98 MbChr 2 11 71 11 74 MbPubMed search 3 4 WikidataView Edit HumanView Edit Mouse Contents 1 Structure 2 Function 3 Isoforms 4 References 5 Further readingStructure editThe IL 15 receptor is composed of three subunits IL 15R alpha CD122 and CD132 Two of these subunits CD122 and CD132 are shared with the receptor for IL 2 but IL 2 receptor has an additional subunit CD25 The shared subunits contain the cytoplasmic motifs required for signal transduction and this forms the basis of many overlapping biological activities of IL15 and IL2 although in vivo the two cytokines have separate biological effects This may be due to effects of the respective alpha chains which are unique to each receptor the kinetics and affinity of cytokine cytokine receptor binding or due to the availability and concentration of each cytokine Function editIL 15Ralpha specifically binds IL15 with very high affinity 6 and is capable of binding IL 15 independently of other subunits It is suggested that this property allows IL 15 to be produced by one cell endocytosed by another cell and then presented to a third party cell 7 This receptor is reported to enhance cell proliferation and expression of apoptosis inhibitor BCL2L1 BCL2 XL and BCL2 Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants of this gene have been reported The full length sequences of only two variants encoding distinct isoforms are available 5 Isoforms editSeveral isoforms of the IL 15Ralpha protein have been detected These isoforms can either result from alternative splicing of the mRNA encoding for the receptor or by shedding of the extra cellular domain of the receptor protein References edit a b c GRCh38 Ensembl release 89 ENSG00000134470 Ensembl May 2017 a b c GRCm38 Ensembl release 89 ENSMUSG00000023206 Ensembl May 2017 Human PubMed Reference National Center for Biotechnology Information U S National Library of Medicine Mouse PubMed Reference National Center for Biotechnology Information U S National Library of Medicine a b EntrezGene 3601 Giri JG Ahdieh M Eisenman J Shanebeck K Grabstein K Kumaki S Namen A Park LS Cosman D Anderson D 1994 Utilization of the beta and gamma chains of the IL 2 receptor by the novel cytokine IL 15 EMBO J 13 12 2822 30 doi 10 1002 j 1460 2075 1994 tb06576 x PMC 395163 PMID 8026467 Dubois S Mariner J Waldmann TA Tagaya Y 2002 IL 15Ralpha recycles and presents IL 15 In trans to neighboring cells Immunity 17 5 537 47 doi 10 1016 s1074 7613 02 00429 6 PMID 12433361 primary source Further reading editGiri JG Kumaki S Ahdieh M Friend DJ Loomis A Shanebeck K DuBose R Cosman D Park LS Anderson DM 1995 Identification and cloning of a novel IL 15 binding protein that is structurally related to the alpha chain of the IL 2 receptor EMBO J 14 15 3654 63 doi 10 1002 j 1460 2075 1995 tb00035 x PMC 394440 PMID 7641685 Jacob CO Mykytyn K Varcony T Drabkin HA 1993 Mapping of the interleukin 5 receptor gene to human chromosome 3 p25 p26 and to mouse chromosome 6 close to the Raf 1 locus with polymorphic tandem repeat sequences Mamm Genome 4 8 435 9 doi 10 1007 BF00296817 PMID 8104057 S2CID 7862651 Anderson DM Kumaki S Ahdieh M Bertles J Tometsko M Loomis A Giri J Copeland NG Gilbert DJ Jenkins NA 1995 Functional characterization of the human interleukin 15 receptor alpha chain and close linkage of IL15RA and IL2RA genes J Biol Chem 270 50 29862 9 doi 10 1074 jbc 270 50 29862 PMID 8530383 Andersson B Wentland MA Ricafrente JY Liu W Gibbs RA 1996 A double adaptor method for improved shotgun library construction Anal Biochem 236 1 107 13 doi 10 1006 abio 1996 0138 PMID 8619474 Yu W Andersson B Worley KC Muzny DM Ding Y Liu W Ricafrente JY Wentland MA Lennon G Gibbs RA 1997 Large scale concatenation cDNA sequencing Genome Res 7 4 353 8 doi 10 1101 gr 7 4 353 PMC 139146 PMID 9110174 Dubois S Magrangeas F Lehours P Raher S Bernard J Boisteau O Leroy S Minvielle S Godard A Jacques Y 1999 Natural splicing of exon 2 of human interleukin 15 receptor alpha chain mRNA results in a shortened form with a distinct pattern of expression J Biol Chem 274 38 26978 84 doi 10 1074 jbc 274 38 26978 PMID 10480910 Pereno R Giron Michel J Gaggero A Cazes E Meazza R Monetti M Monaco E Mishal Z Jasmin C Indiveri F Ferrini S Azzarone B 2000 IL 15 IL 15Ralpha intracellular trafficking in human melanoma cells and signal transduction through the IL 15Ralpha Oncogene 19 45 5153 62 doi 10 1038 sj onc 1203873 PMID 11064452 Mariner JM Lantz V Waldmann TA Azimi N 2001 Human T cell lymphotropic virus type I Tax activates IL 15R alpha gene expression through an NF kappa B site J Immunol 166 4 2602 9 doi 10 4049 jimmunol 166 4 2602 PMID 11160322 Asao H Okuyama C Kumaki S Ishii N Tsuchiya S Foster D Sugamura K 2001 Cutting edge the common gamma chain is an indispensable subunit of the IL 21 receptor complex J Immunol 167 1 1 5 doi 10 4049 jimmunol 167 1 1 PMID 11418623 Wu TS Lee JM Lai YG Hsu JC Tsai CY Lee YH Liao NS 2002 Reduced expression of Bcl 2 in CD8 T cells deficient in the IL 15 receptor alpha chain J Immunol 168 2 705 12 doi 10 4049 jimmunol 168 2 705 PMID 11777964 Khan IA Moretto M Wei XQ Williams M Schwartzman JD Liew FY 2002 Treatment with soluble interleukin 15Ralpha exacerbates intracellular parasitic infection by blocking the development of memory CD8 T cell response J Exp Med 195 11 1463 70 doi 10 1084 jem 20011915 PMC 2193543 PMID 12045244 Kurowska M Rudnicka W Maslinska D Maslinski W 2002 Expression of IL 15 and IL 15 receptor isoforms in select structures of human fetal brain Ann N Y Acad Sci 966 1 441 5 Bibcode 2002NYASA 966 441K doi 10 1111 j 1749 6632 2002 tb04245 x PMID 12114302 S2CID 35501431 Comes A Di Carlo E Musiani P Rosso O Meazza R Chiodoni C Colombo MP Ferrini S 2002 IFN gamma independent synergistic effects of IL 12 and IL 15 induce anti tumor immune responses in syngeneic mice Eur J Immunol 32 7 1914 23 doi 10 1002 1521 4141 200207 32 7 lt 1914 AID IMMU1914 gt 3 0 CO 2 P PMID 12115611 S2CID 46650793 Bernard J Harb C Mortier E Quemener A Meloen RH Vermot Desroches C Wijdeness J van Dijken P Grotzinger J Slootstra JW Plet A Jacques Y 2004 Identification of an interleukin 15alpha receptor binding site on human interleukin 15 J Biol Chem 279 23 24313 22 doi 10 1074 jbc M312458200 PMID 15039446 Vamosi G Bodnar A Vereb G Jenei A Goldman CK Langowski J Toth K Matyus L Szollosi J Waldmann TA Damjanovich S 2004 IL 2 and IL 15 receptor alpha subunits are coexpressed in a supramolecular receptor cluster in lipid rafts of T cells Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 101 30 11082 7 Bibcode 2004PNAS 10111082V doi 10 1073 pnas 0403916101 PMC 503744 PMID 15263076 Mortier E Bernard J Plet A Jacques Y 2004 Natural proteolytic release of a soluble form of human IL 15 receptor alpha chain that behaves as a specific high affinity IL 15 antagonist J Immunol 173 3 1681 8 doi 10 4049 jimmunol 173 3 1681 PMID 15265897 nbsp This article on a gene on human chromosome 10 is a stub You can help Wikipedia by expanding it vte Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Interleukin 15 receptor alpha subunit amp oldid 1191533344, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
