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Institut Laue–Langevin

May 02, 2024

45°12′22″N 5°41′34″E / 45.206239°N 5.692774°E / 45.206239; 5.692774

Institut Laue-Langevin

The Institut Laue–Langevin (ILL) is an internationally financed scientific facility, situated on the Polygone Scientifique in Grenoble, France. It is one of the world centres for research using neutrons. Founded in 1967 and honouring the physicists Max von Laue and Paul Langevin, the ILL provides one of the most intense neutron sources in the world and the most intense continuous neutron flux in the world in the moderator region: 1.5×1015 neutrons per second per cm2, with a thermal power of typically 58.3 MW.[citation needed]

The ILL neutron scattering facilities allow the analysis of the structure of conducting and magnetic materials for future electronic devices, the measurement of stresses in mechanical materials. It also allows investigations into macromolecular assemblies, particularly protein dynamics and biomolecular structure. It is a world-renowned centre for nanoscale science.[citation needed]

History edit

 
Water input for ESRF, CNRS and ILL on the river Drac
 
Inside the reactor hall

The institute was founded by France and Germany, with the United Kingdom becoming the third major partner in 1973. These partner states provide, through Research Councils, the bulk of its funding. Ten other countries have since become partners. Scientists of institutions in the member states may apply to use the ILL facilities, and may invite scientists from other countries to participate. Experimental time is allocated by a scientific council involving ILL users. The use of the facility and travel costs for researchers are paid for by the institute. Commercial use, for which a fee is charged, is not subject to the scientific council review process. Over 750 experiments are completed every year, in fields including magnetism, superconductivity, materials engineering, and the study of liquids, colloids and biological substances such as proteins. [citation needed]

The high-flux research reactor produces neutrons through fission in a compact-core fuel element. Neutron moderators cool the neutrons to wavelengths usable experimentally. Neutrons are then directed at a suite of instruments to probe the structure and behaviour of many forms of matter by elastic and inelastic neutron scattering, and to probe the fundamental physical properties of the neutron. Fission products and gamma rays produced by nuclear reactions in the reactor core are also used by the instrument suite.

In 2000 began the introduction of new instruments and instrument upgrades. The first phase has already resulted in a 17-fold gains in performance. The second phase started in 2008: it comprises the building of 5 new instruments, the upgrade of 4 others, and the installation of 3 new neutron guides.[citation needed]

EPN Science Campus edit

The ILL shares its site, the 'epn science campus',[1] with other institutions including the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF) and the European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) and the Unit for Viral Host Cell Interactions (UVHCI). The French Institut de Biologie Structural (IBS) joined the campus in 2013.

Participants edit

 
Institut Laue Langevin Map

The ILL is governed by its Associates.[2]

Associate status and "Scientific Membership" [3]
Country Time Status
France 1967- Associate
Germany 1967- Associate
United Kingdom 1974- Associate
Spain 1987- Scientific Membership
Switzerland 1988- Scientific Membership
Austria 1990- Scientific Membership
Italy 1997- Scientific Membership
Czechia 1999- Scientific Membership
Sweden 2005- Scientific Membership
Hungary 2005-2013 Scientific Membership
Belgium 2006- Scientific Membership
Poland 2006- Scientific Membership
Denmark 2009- Scientific Membership
Slovakia 2009- Scientific Membership
India 2011-2014 Scientific Membership
Slovenia 2020- Scientific Membership

Applications research edit

In 2019, researchers unravelled information about a protein causing progressive diseases. [4]

In summer 2016 the Institut Laue–Langevin demonstrated that a molecule called ectoine is used by Halomonas titanicae near the wreck of RMS Titanic to survive the osmotic pressure that salt water causes on their membranes.[5]

Awards and recognitions edit

The physicist Duncan Haldane who worked at the institute from 1977 to 1981 received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2016 with Michael Kosterlitz and David J. Thouless for their work on the transitions of topological phases in the material.[6][7]

Rudolf Mossbauer, Nobel Prize in Physics in 1961, succeeded Heinz Maier-Leibnitz in 1972 as the director of the institute.

The physicist Philippe Nozieres, who worked at the institute from 1972 until his retirement, received the Wolf Prize in 1985, together with Conyers Herring, for their major contributions to the fundamental theory of solids, especially the behaviour of electrons in metals.[8]

Techniques edit

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ epn-campus.eu
  2. ^ "An international partnership for science".
  3. ^ "An international partnership for science".
  4. ^ Yee, Ai Woon; Aldeghi, Matteo; Blakeley, Matthew P.; Ostermann, Andreas; Mas, Philippe J.; Moulin, Martine; de Sanctis, Daniele; Bowler, Matthew W.; Mueller-Dieckmann, Christoph; Mitchell, Edward P.; Haertlein, Michael; de Groot, Bert L.; Boeri Erba, Elisabetta; Forsyth, V. Trevor (2019). "A molecular mechanism for transthyretin amyloidogenesis". Nature Communications. 10 (1): 925. doi:10.1038/s41467-019-08609-z. PMC 6390107. PMID 30804345.
  5. ^ laboratoryequipment.com, September 6, 2016, Extremophile Bacteria’ Will Eat Away Wreck of the Titanic by 2030.
  6. ^ nytimes October 4, 2016, 3 Who Studied Unusual States of Matter Win Nobel Prize in Physics.
  7. ^ . Archived from the original on October 22, 2016. Retrieved October 6, 2016.
  8. ^ "Herring, Nozières and Marcus Receive Wolf Awards". Physics Today. 38 (9). 1985. doi:10.1063/1.2814704.

Sources edit

  • The 2017 ILL annual report
  • Le Journal du CNRS, printemps 2019: Ces laboratoires qui illuminent l'Europe
  • medicalxpress.com Alzheimer's disease markers could be identified through protein water mobility

External links edit

  •   Media related to Institut Laue-Langevin at Wikimedia Commons
  • Institut Laue-Langevin
  • ILL general presentation film

May 02, 2024
institut, laue, langevin, this, article, includes, list, general, references, lacks, sufficient, corresponding, inline, citations, please, help, improve, this, article, introducing, more, precise, citations, february, 2013, learn, when, remove, this, message, . This article includes a list of general references but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations February 2013 Learn how and when to remove this message 45 12 22 N 5 41 34 E 45 206239 N 5 692774 E 45 206239 5 692774 Institut Laue Langevin The Institut Laue Langevin ILL is an internationally financed scientific facility situated on the Polygone Scientifique in Grenoble France It is one of the world centres for research using neutrons Founded in 1967 and honouring the physicists Max von Laue and Paul Langevin the ILL provides one of the most intense neutron sources in the world and the most intense continuous neutron flux in the world in the moderator region 1 5 1015 neutrons per second per cm2 with a thermal power of typically 58 3 MW citation needed The ILL neutron scattering facilities allow the analysis of the structure of conducting and magnetic materials for future electronic devices the measurement of stresses in mechanical materials It also allows investigations into macromolecular assemblies particularly protein dynamics and biomolecular structure It is a world renowned centre for nanoscale science citation needed Contents 1 History 2 EPN Science Campus 3 Participants 4 Applications research 5 Awards and recognitions 6 Techniques 7 See also 8 References 9 Sources 10 External linksHistory editThis section needs expansion You can help by adding to it February 2019 nbsp Water input for ESRF CNRS and ILL on the river Drac nbsp Inside the reactor hall The institute was founded by France and Germany with the United Kingdom becoming the third major partner in 1973 These partner states provide through Research Councils the bulk of its funding Ten other countries have since become partners Scientists of institutions in the member states may apply to use the ILL facilities and may invite scientists from other countries to participate Experimental time is allocated by a scientific council involving ILL users The use of the facility and travel costs for researchers are paid for by the institute Commercial use for which a fee is charged is not subject to the scientific council review process Over 750 experiments are completed every year in fields including magnetism superconductivity materials engineering and the study of liquids colloids and biological substances such as proteins citation needed The high flux research reactor produces neutrons through fission in a compact core fuel element Neutron moderators cool the neutrons to wavelengths usable experimentally Neutrons are then directed at a suite of instruments to probe the structure and behaviour of many forms of matter by elastic and inelastic neutron scattering and to probe the fundamental physical properties of the neutron Fission products and gamma rays produced by nuclear reactions in the reactor core are also used by the instrument suite In 2000 began the introduction of new instruments and instrument upgrades The first phase has already resulted in a 17 fold gains in performance The second phase started in 2008 it comprises the building of 5 new instruments the upgrade of 4 others and the installation of 3 new neutron guides citation needed EPN Science Campus editThe ILL shares its site the epn science campus 1 with other institutions including the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility ESRF and the European Molecular Biology Laboratory EMBL and the Unit for Viral Host Cell Interactions UVHCI The French Institut de Biologie Structural IBS joined the campus in 2013 Participants edit nbsp Institut Laue Langevin Map The ILL is governed by its Associates 2 Associate status and Scientific Membership 3 Country Time Status France 1967 Associate Germany 1967 Associate United Kingdom 1974 Associate Spain 1987 Scientific Membership Switzerland 1988 Scientific Membership Austria 1990 Scientific Membership Italy 1997 Scientific Membership Czechia 1999 Scientific Membership Sweden 2005 Scientific Membership Hungary 2005 2013 Scientific Membership Belgium 2006 Scientific Membership Poland 2006 Scientific Membership Denmark 2009 Scientific Membership Slovakia 2009 Scientific Membership India 2011 2014 Scientific Membership Slovenia 2020 Scientific MembershipApplications research editThis section needs expansion You can help by adding to it February 2019 In 2019 researchers unravelled information about a protein causing progressive diseases 4 In summer 2016 the Institut Laue Langevin demonstrated that a molecule called ectoine is used by Halomonas titanicae near the wreck of RMS Titanic to survive the osmotic pressure that salt water causes on their membranes 5 Awards and recognitions editThe physicist Duncan Haldane who worked at the institute from 1977 to 1981 received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2016 with Michael Kosterlitz and David J Thouless for their work on the transitions of topological phases in the material 6 7 Rudolf Mossbauer Nobel Prize in Physics in 1961 succeeded Heinz Maier Leibnitz in 1972 as the director of the institute The physicist Philippe Nozieres who worked at the institute from 1972 until his retirement received the Wolf Prize in 1985 together with Conyers Herring for their major contributions to the fundamental theory of solids especially the behaviour of electrons in metals 8 Techniques editNeutron diffraction Small angle neutron scattering Neutron reflectometry Inelastic neutron scattering Neutron triple axis spectrometry Neutron time of flight scattering Neutron backscattering Neutron spin echoSee also editInorganic Crystal Structure Database ICSD References edit epn campus eu An international partnership for science An international partnership for science Yee Ai Woon Aldeghi Matteo Blakeley Matthew P Ostermann Andreas Mas Philippe J Moulin Martine de Sanctis Daniele Bowler Matthew W Mueller Dieckmann Christoph Mitchell Edward P Haertlein Michael de Groot Bert L Boeri Erba Elisabetta Forsyth V Trevor 2019 A molecular mechanism for transthyretin amyloidogenesis Nature Communications 10 1 925 doi 10 1038 s41467 019 08609 z PMC 6390107 PMID 30804345 laboratoryequipment com September 6 2016 Extremophile Bacteria Will Eat Away Wreck of the Titanic by 2030 nytimes October 4 2016 3 Who Studied Unusual States of Matter Win Nobel Prize in Physics ill eu October 4 2016 Congratulations to the 2016 Physics Nobel Prize laureates Archived from the original on October 22 2016 Retrieved October 6 2016 Herring Nozieres and Marcus Receive Wolf Awards Physics Today 38 9 1985 doi 10 1063 1 2814704 Sources editThe 2017 ILL annual report Le Journal du CNRS printemps 2019 Ces laboratoires qui illuminent l Europe medicalxpress com Alzheimer s disease markers could be identified through protein water mobilityExternal links edit nbsp Media related to Institut Laue Langevin at Wikimedia Commons Institut Laue Langevin ILL general presentation film Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Institut Laue Langevin amp oldid 1216231332, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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