fbpx
Wikipedia

Institut canadien de Montréal

January 01, 1970

The Institut canadien de Montréal (English; Canadian Institute of Montreal) was founded on 17 December 1844, by a group of 200 young liberal professionals in Montreal, Canada East, Province of Canada. The Institute provided a public library and debating room for its members. At the time, there were no French-language universities nor public libraries in Montreal. Between 1845 and 1871, some 136 lectures were held inside the Institute's walls. The Institute eventually came into conflict with the Roman Catholic Church over the contents of its library. Partly as a result of the dispute with the Church, the Institute eventually folded in the 1870s.

Building of the Institut canadien de Montreal on Notre-Dame Street between 1870 and 1920

Origins edit

The Institute was founded in 1844 as a literary and scientific institution, for the purposes of providing a library, reading-room, and other educational purposes. Joseph Papin was the first president. In 1853, it was incorporated by an Act of the Province of Canada.[1] At the time of incorporation, the Institute had over 500 members, a library of over 2000 volumes, and a reading-room with newspapers and periodical publications.[2]

The Institute was the source of the ideas defended by the Parti rouge. One of its mottos was: Justice pour nous, justice pour tous; Raison et liberté pour nous, raison et liberté pour tous (Justice for us, justice for all; reason and liberty for us, reason and liberty for all).

The library contained literary works by French romantic authors, such as Victor Hugo and Alphonse de Lamartine, and Enlightenment authors, such as Voltaire and Diderot, whose writings were judged immoral by the Catholic Church. Between 1845 and 1871, some 136 lectures were held inside the institute's walls.[3]

Dispute with the Church edit

In 1858, an issue arose about the contents of the library. At a meeting of the Institute, some members proposed establishing a committee to review the library and to make a list of books which should not be allowed to remain in the library. This proposal was defeated by a considerable majority, which instead passed a resolution that the Institute's library did not contain any improper books, that the Institute was the sole judge of the morality of the books in the library, and that the existing committee of management was sufficient.[4] Following this motion, a group of 158 members left the institute to found the Institut canadien-français de Montréal, which opted to obey the doctrine of the Catholic clergy and did not lend books which the Church judged immoral.[5][6]

On 13 April 1858, the Roman Catholic Bishop of Montreal, Mgr Ignace Bourget, published a pastoral which was read in all the churches of his diocese. In the pastoral, he referred to the proceedings at the Institute and praised the conduct of the minority. He stated that the majority had fallen into two great errors: by declaring that the members of the Institute were the proper judges of the morality of the books in their library, contrary to the declaration at the Council of Trent which held that judging the morality of books is a function of the bishop; and by declaring that the library contained no immoral books, when in fact it contained books on the Church's Index of Prohibited Books. He pointed out that the Council of Trent had held that anyone who read or kept heretical works would incur sentence of excommunication, and that anyone who read or kept books forbidden on other grounds would be subject to severe punishment. He concluded by making an appeal to the members of the Institute to alter their resolution, stating that otherwise, no Catholic would continue to belong to it.[7]

The Institute did not rescind the resolution. In 1865, several members of the Institute, including Joseph Guibord, appealed to Rome against this pastoral, but received no answer.[8]

On July 7, 1869, Rome added the institute's Annuaire for the year 1868 to the Catholic Church's Index of prohibited books. Bishop Bourget published another pastoral letter, drawing attention to this decision and pointing out the Church had decreed that no Catholic was to belong to the Institute while it taught pernicious doctrines, nor to keep, publish or read the 1868 Annuaire. He stated that any person who persisted in keeping or reading the Annuaire, or in belonging to the Institute, would be deprived of the sacrament, "même à l'article de la mort."[9]

In response, the members of the Institute on 23 September 1869 passed a resolution declaring that it did not teach any pernicious doctrine, and that the members of the Institute, having learnt of the condemnation of the 1868 Annuaire, declared that they would submit purely and simply to this decree. Bishop Bourget responded in a letter condemning these resolutions as hypocritical, stating that the Institute had simultaneously passed a secret resolution in favour of religious tolerance, and stating that there would be no absolution for those who remained members of the Institute.[10]

The Guibord Case edit

One of the founding members of the Institute was a printer and typographer named Joseph Guibord. In 1869, Guibord died. Bourget refused to let Henrietta Brown, Guibord's widow, bury her husband's remains in the Catholic section of the Notre Dame des Neiges Cemetery because he was a member of the Institute. The widow did not accept the decision and decided to bring the case to court. Henrietta Brown's lawyer, Joseph Doutre, also a member of the Institute, ultimately won his case before the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council, at that time the court of last resort for the British Empire, including Canada, on November 21, 1874. The Guibord case became a point of great political and religious controversy.

Closure of the Institute edit

The Institut canadien of Montreal closed the doors of its debating room in 1871, and the library closed in 1880. Only the Institut canadien de Québec, founded four years after that of Montreal, survived the Church's censorship by getting rid of certain works prohibited by the Roman Catholic Church.

In 2006, the Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec (BAnQ) concluded a deal with the Fraser-Hickson Institute on the donation and transfer of property of the collection of the Institut canadien de Montréal. The latter had preserved it since 1885.[11] Among the precious books of the collection were two editions of the Œuvres complètes de Voltaire (1785–1789), 36 volumes of L'Encyclopédie by Diderot and d'Alembert (1778–1781), 12 volumes of L'Esprit des journaux français et étrangers (1787–1792) and four volumes of Réunion des Tuileries au Louvre (1852–1857), a particular gift of Prince Napoléon to the Institut canadien.

Members edit

Regular members edit

External member edit

Awards edit

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ Statutes of the Province of Canada, 16 Vict., c. 261.
  2. ^ Brown v. Les Curé et Marguilliers de l'Œuvre et de la Fabrique de la Paroisse de Montréal (1874), L.R. 6 P.C. 157, [1874] UKPC 70 (P.C.), at p. 193 (L.R.), p. 3 (UKPC).
  3. ^ Lemire. p. 151
  4. ^ Brown v. Les Curé et Marguilliers de l'Œuvre et de la Fabrique de la Paroisse de Montréal (1874), at p. 193 (L.R.), p. 3 (UKPC).
  5. ^ Champagne. , p. 122
  6. ^ Turcotte, p. 433
  7. ^ Brown v. Les Curé et Marguilliers de l'Œuvre et de la Fabrique de la Paroisse de Montréal, at pp. 193-194 (L.R.), pp. 3-4 (UKPC).
  8. ^ Brown v. Les Curé et Marguilliers de l'Œuvre et de la Fabrique de la Paroisse de Montréal, at p. 194 (L.R.), p. 4 (UKPC).
  9. ^ Brown v. Les Curé et Marguilliers de l'Œuvre et de la Fabrique de la Paroisse de Montréal, at p. 196 (L.R.), pp. 5-6 (UKPC).
  10. ^ Brown v. Les Curé et Marguilliers de l'Œuvre et de la Fabrique de la Paroisse de Montréal, at pp. 196-197 (L.R.), p. 6 (UKPC).
  11. ^ Marie Aguettant. "Collection de l'Institut canadien de Montréal 2016-03-03 at the Wayback Machine", in Univarts, November 4, 2006
  12. ^ St-Louis, Martin. "Le prix Condorcet 1997 à l'Institut canadien 2008-02-18 at the Wayback Machine", in Laïcité, Bulletin du Mouvement laïque québécois, Winter 1998

Further reading edit

In English edit

  • "", in The Canadian Encyclopedia. Historica Foundation, 2008
  • Robertson, Nancy Susan. The Institut canadien. An Essay in Cultural History, (Master Thesis in History), University of Western Ontario, 1965, 187 p.

In French edit

  • Lajeunesse, Marcel (2004). Lecture publique et culture au Québec, Quebec: Presses de l'Université du Québec, pp. 160–163 (ISBN 2760512983) (preview)
  • Lamonde, Yvan (2000). Histoire sociale des idées au Québec, 1760-1896, Montréal: Éditions Fides, 576 p. (ISBN 2-7621-2104-3) (online)
  • St-Louis, Martin. "", in Laïcité, Bulletin du Mouvement laïque québécois, Winter 1998
  • Champagne, André (1996). Le Québec des XVIIIe et XIXe siècles, Sillery: Septentrion, pp. 113–129 (ISBN 2894480458) (aperçu)
  • Lamonde, Yvan (1994). Louis-Antoine Dessaulles, 1818-1895 : un seigneur libéral et anticlérical, Saint-Laurent: Fides, 369 p. (ISBN 2-7621-1736-4)
  • Lemire, Maurice (1991). La vie littéraire au Québec, Quebec: Presses Université Laval, 671 p. (ISBN 2763774059) (preview)
  • Lamonde, Yvan (1990). Gens de parole : conférences publiques, essais et débats à l'Institut canadien de Montréal, 1845-1871, Montréal: Boréal, 176 p. (ISBN 2890523691)
  • de Lagrave, Jean-Paul (1976). Le combat des idées au Québec-Uni, 1840-1867, Montréal: Editions de Lagrave, 150 p.
  • Dumont, Fernand, Montminy, Jean-Paul, and Hamelin, Jean ed. (1971). Idéologies au Canada français, 1850-1900, Québec: Presses de l'Université Laval, 327 p.
  • Father Hudon, Théophile. L'Institut Canadien de Montréal et l'affaire Guibord : une page d'histoire, Montréal: Beauchemin, 1938, 172 p. (online)
  • Boisseau, A. (1870). Catalogue des livres de la bibliothèque de l'Institut-canadien, Montréal: Alphonse Doutre, 47 p. (online)
  • Lafontaine, J. L. (1855). Institut-canadien en 1855, Montréal : Sénécal & Daniel, 225 p. (online)
  • Institut canadien de Montréal (1852). Catalogue de la bibliothèque de l'Institut-canadien, février 1852, Montréal: W.-H. Rowen, 39 p. (online)

External links edit

    January 01, 1970
    institut, canadien, montréal, english, canadian, institute, montreal, founded, december, 1844, group, young, liberal, professionals, montreal, canada, east, province, canada, institute, provided, public, library, debating, room, members, time, there, were, fre. The Institut canadien de Montreal English Canadian Institute of Montreal was founded on 17 December 1844 by a group of 200 young liberal professionals in Montreal Canada East Province of Canada The Institute provided a public library and debating room for its members At the time there were no French language universities nor public libraries in Montreal Between 1845 and 1871 some 136 lectures were held inside the Institute s walls The Institute eventually came into conflict with the Roman Catholic Church over the contents of its library Partly as a result of the dispute with the Church the Institute eventually folded in the 1870s Building of the Institut canadien de Montreal on Notre Dame Street between 1870 and 1920 Contents 1 Origins 2 Dispute with the Church 3 The Guibord Case 4 Closure of the Institute 5 Members 5 1 Regular members 5 2 External member 6 Awards 7 See also 8 References 9 Further reading 9 1 In English 9 2 In French 10 External linksOrigins editThe Institute was founded in 1844 as a literary and scientific institution for the purposes of providing a library reading room and other educational purposes Joseph Papin was the first president In 1853 it was incorporated by an Act of the Province of Canada 1 At the time of incorporation the Institute had over 500 members a library of over 2000 volumes and a reading room with newspapers and periodical publications 2 The Institute was the source of the ideas defended by the Parti rouge One of its mottos was Justice pour nous justice pour tous Raison et liberte pour nous raison et liberte pour tous Justice for us justice for all reason and liberty for us reason and liberty for all The library contained literary works by French romantic authors such as Victor Hugo and Alphonse de Lamartine and Enlightenment authors such as Voltaire and Diderot whose writings were judged immoral by the Catholic Church Between 1845 and 1871 some 136 lectures were held inside the institute s walls 3 Dispute with the Church editIn 1858 an issue arose about the contents of the library At a meeting of the Institute some members proposed establishing a committee to review the library and to make a list of books which should not be allowed to remain in the library This proposal was defeated by a considerable majority which instead passed a resolution that the Institute s library did not contain any improper books that the Institute was the sole judge of the morality of the books in the library and that the existing committee of management was sufficient 4 Following this motion a group of 158 members left the institute to found the Institut canadien francais de Montreal which opted to obey the doctrine of the Catholic clergy and did not lend books which the Church judged immoral 5 6 On 13 April 1858 the Roman Catholic Bishop of Montreal Mgr Ignace Bourget published a pastoral which was read in all the churches of his diocese In the pastoral he referred to the proceedings at the Institute and praised the conduct of the minority He stated that the majority had fallen into two great errors by declaring that the members of the Institute were the proper judges of the morality of the books in their library contrary to the declaration at the Council of Trent which held that judging the morality of books is a function of the bishop and by declaring that the library contained no immoral books when in fact it contained books on the Church s Index of Prohibited Books He pointed out that the Council of Trent had held that anyone who read or kept heretical works would incur sentence of excommunication and that anyone who read or kept books forbidden on other grounds would be subject to severe punishment He concluded by making an appeal to the members of the Institute to alter their resolution stating that otherwise no Catholic would continue to belong to it 7 The Institute did not rescind the resolution In 1865 several members of the Institute including Joseph Guibord appealed to Rome against this pastoral but received no answer 8 On July 7 1869 Rome added the institute s Annuaire for the year 1868 to the Catholic Church s Index of prohibited books Bishop Bourget published another pastoral letter drawing attention to this decision and pointing out the Church had decreed that no Catholic was to belong to the Institute while it taught pernicious doctrines nor to keep publish or read the 1868 Annuaire He stated that any person who persisted in keeping or reading the Annuaire or in belonging to the Institute would be deprived of the sacrament meme a l article de la mort 9 In response the members of the Institute on 23 September 1869 passed a resolution declaring that it did not teach any pernicious doctrine and that the members of the Institute having learnt of the condemnation of the 1868 Annuaire declared that they would submit purely and simply to this decree Bishop Bourget responded in a letter condemning these resolutions as hypocritical stating that the Institute had simultaneously passed a secret resolution in favour of religious tolerance and stating that there would be no absolution for those who remained members of the Institute 10 The Guibord Case editOne of the founding members of the Institute was a printer and typographer named Joseph Guibord In 1869 Guibord died Bourget refused to let Henrietta Brown Guibord s widow bury her husband s remains in the Catholic section of the Notre Dame des Neiges Cemetery because he was a member of the Institute The widow did not accept the decision and decided to bring the case to court Henrietta Brown s lawyer Joseph Doutre also a member of the Institute ultimately won his case before the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council at that time the court of last resort for the British Empire including Canada on November 21 1874 The Guibord case became a point of great political and religious controversy Closure of the Institute editThe Institut canadien of Montreal closed the doors of its debating room in 1871 and the library closed in 1880 Only the Institut canadien de Quebec founded four years after that of Montreal survived the Church s censorship by getting rid of certain works prohibited by the Roman Catholic Church In 2006 the Bibliotheque et Archives nationales du Quebec BAnQ concluded a deal with the Fraser Hickson Institute on the donation and transfer of property of the collection of the Institut canadien de Montreal The latter had preserved it since 1885 11 Among the precious books of the collection were two editions of the Œuvres completes de Voltaire 1785 1789 36 volumes of L Encyclopedie by Diderot and d Alembert 1778 1781 12 volumes of L Esprit des journaux francais et etrangers 1787 1792 and four volumes of Reunion des Tuileries au Louvre 1852 1857 a particular gift of Prince Napoleon to the Institut canadien Members editRegular members edit Napoleon Aubin Joseph Guillaume Barthe Alfred Boisseau Arthur Buies Francis Cassidy Louis Antoine Dessaulles Jean Baptiste Eric Dorion Joseph Doutre Francois Xavier Garneau Antoine Gerin Lajoie Joseph Guibord Joseph Papin Marc Aurele Plamondon External member edit Victor HugoAwards editPrix Condorcet awarded posthumously in 1997 12 See also editInstitut canadien de Quebec History of Quebec Timeline of Quebec historyReferences edit Statutes of the Province of Canada 16 Vict c 261 Brown v Les Cure et Marguilliers de l Œuvre et de la Fabrique de la Paroisse de Montreal 1874 L R 6 P C 157 1874 UKPC 70 P C at p 193 L R p 3 UKPC Lemire p 151 Brown v Les Cure et Marguilliers de l Œuvre et de la Fabrique de la Paroisse de Montreal 1874 at p 193 L R p 3 UKPC Champagne p 122 Turcotte p 433 Brown v Les Cure et Marguilliers de l Œuvre et de la Fabrique de la Paroisse de Montreal at pp 193 194 L R pp 3 4 UKPC Brown v Les Cure et Marguilliers de l Œuvre et de la Fabrique de la Paroisse de Montreal at p 194 L R p 4 UKPC Brown v Les Cure et Marguilliers de l Œuvre et de la Fabrique de la Paroisse de Montreal at p 196 L R pp 5 6 UKPC Brown v Les Cure et Marguilliers de l Œuvre et de la Fabrique de la Paroisse de Montreal at pp 196 197 L R p 6 UKPC Marie Aguettant Collection de l Institut canadien de Montreal Archived 2016 03 03 at the Wayback Machine in Univarts November 4 2006 St Louis Martin Le prix Condorcet 1997 a l Institut canadien Archived 2008 02 18 at the Wayback Machine in Laicite Bulletin du Mouvement laique quebecois Winter 1998Further reading editIn English edit Institut canadien in The Canadian Encyclopedia Historica Foundation 2008 Robertson Nancy Susan The Institut canadien An Essay in Cultural History Master Thesis in History University of Western Ontario 1965 187 p In French edit Lajeunesse Marcel 2004 Lecture publique et culture au Quebec Quebec Presses de l Universite du Quebec pp 160 163 ISBN 2760512983 preview Lamonde Yvan 2000 Histoire sociale des idees au Quebec 1760 1896 Montreal Editions Fides 576 p ISBN 2 7621 2104 3 online St Louis Martin Le prix Condorcet 1997 a l Institut canadien in Laicite Bulletin du Mouvement laique quebecois Winter 1998 Champagne Andre 1996 Le Quebec des XVIIIe et XIXe siecles Sillery Septentrion pp 113 129 ISBN 2894480458 apercu Lamonde Yvan 1994 Louis Antoine Dessaulles 1818 1895 un seigneur liberal et anticlerical Saint Laurent Fides 369 p ISBN 2 7621 1736 4 Lemire Maurice 1991 La vie litteraire au Quebec Quebec Presses Universite Laval 671 p ISBN 2763774059 preview Lamonde Yvan 1990 Gens de parole conferences publiques essais et debats a l Institut canadien de Montreal 1845 1871 Montreal Boreal 176 p ISBN 2890523691 de Lagrave Jean Paul 1976 Le combat des idees au Quebec Uni 1840 1867 Montreal Editions de Lagrave 150 p Dumont Fernand Montminy Jean Paul and Hamelin Jean ed 1971 Ideologies au Canada francais 1850 1900 Quebec Presses de l Universite Laval 327 p Father Hudon Theophile L Institut Canadien de Montreal et l affaire Guibord une page d histoire Montreal Beauchemin 1938 172 p online Boisseau A 1870 Catalogue des livres de la bibliotheque de l Institut canadien Montreal Alphonse Doutre 47 p online Lafontaine J L 1855 Institut canadien en 1855 Montreal Senecal amp Daniel 225 p online Institut canadien de Montreal 1852 Catalogue de la bibliotheque de l Institut canadien fevrier 1852 Montreal W H Rowen 39 p online External links editWebsite for the Institut canadien de Quebec Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Institut canadien de Montreal amp oldid 1201242919, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

    article

    , read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.