This article is about Indonesian migrant workers. For the Indonesian diaspora in general, see Overseas Indonesians.
Indonesian migrant worker (Indonesian: Pekerja Migran Indonesia, formerly known as Tenaga Kerja Indonesia, TKI) are Indonesian citizens that work in foreign countries outside of Indonesia.
The large population of Indonesia as the world's 4th largest, has contributed to the surplus of workforces in Indonesia. This large workforce, combined with scarcity and unavailability of jobs at home, has led numbers of Indonesians to seek job abroad, to earn money to improve their economy. However this Indonesian migrant workers are mostly low-skilled and works in domestic sector. They are prone to exploitation, extortion, physical and sexual abuses, suffered by those enduring human trafficking.[1] Several cases of abuses upon Indonesian migrant worker has been reported and some has gained worldwide attention.[2]
It is estimated around 4.5 million Indonesians work abroad. Most of them (around 70%) are women, most are employed in domestic sector as maid or domestic helper and manufacture sector. Most of them aged in productive age margin, between 18 and 35 years old. However it is estimated some of them might be under aged through document falsification. Around 30% are men, mostly work in plantation, construction, transportation and service sector.[3]
Since 1969, the government of Indonesia has administered the recruitment of migrant labour.[4] The public programme is widely criticized to prioritize the rights of private recruitment agents over the migrant workers they recruit.
Currently Malaysia employs the largest numbers of Indonesian migrant workers, followed by Taiwan, Saudi Arabia, Hong Kong, and Singapore. It is important to note that these are official numbers, the actual numbers might be far larger contributed by unrecorded illegal entry of Indonesian workers into foreign countries.
^Maksum, Ali; Surwandono (2017). "Suffer to Survive: The Indonesian Illegal Workers Experiences in Malaysia and Japan". Journal of Social Research & Policy. 8 (1): 101-123. Retrieved 7 September 2020.
^Urbina, Ian (2019). "Ship of horrors: life and death on the lawless high seas". The Guardian. Retrieved 12 Sep 2019.
^ "Profil" (in Indonesian). Migrant Care. Retrieved 2014-11-26.
^Palmer, Wayne (2016-08-25). Indonesia's Overseas Labour Migration Programme, 1969-2010. Brill. doi:10.1163/9789004325487. ISBN9789004325487.
^ "25 Negara Terbesar Penempatan Tenaga Kerja Luar Negeri Indonesia Tahun 2011-2013" (PDF) (in Indonesian). BNP2TKI. p. 7. Retrieved 2014-11-26.
^(PDF) (in Indonesian). BNP2TKI. p. 7. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-05-25. Retrieved 2014-11-26.
External links
BNP2TKI National Body for Placement and Protection of Indonesian Workers
Migratesafe Migratesafe | Ethical & responsible Indonesian Domestic Helper Agency
Migrant Care NGO focused on migrant worker issues
MTO Resource for Remittance comparison for Overseas Indonesians
Merchantrade Money Transfer Money Transfer Service Provider
May 19, 2023
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This article is about Indonesian migrant workers For the Indonesian diaspora in general see Overseas Indonesians Indonesian migrant worker Indonesian Pekerja Migran Indonesia formerly known as Tenaga Kerja Indonesia TKI are Indonesian citizens that work in foreign countries outside of Indonesia Indonesian Migrant WorkerPekerja Migran Indonesia Tenaga Kerja IndonesiaTotal population4 5 million 2014 Regions with significant populations Malaysia107 085 Taiwan68 874 Saudi Arabia38 104 Hong Kong30 208 Singapore25 601 United Arab Emirates15 276LanguagesIndonesian national Indonesian languages Arabic EnglishReligionIslam majority ChristianityRelated ethnic groupsIndonesians Overseas Indonesians The large population of Indonesia as the world s 4th largest has contributed to the surplus of workforces in Indonesia This large workforce combined with scarcity and unavailability of jobs at home has led numbers of Indonesians to seek job abroad to earn money to improve their economy However this Indonesian migrant workers are mostly low skilled and works in domestic sector They are prone to exploitation extortion physical and sexual abuses suffered by those enduring human trafficking 1 Several cases of abuses upon Indonesian migrant worker has been reported and some has gained worldwide attention 2 It is estimated around 4 5 million Indonesians work abroad Most of them around 70 are women most are employed in domestic sector as maid or domestic helper and manufacture sector Most of them aged in productive age margin between 18 and 35 years old However it is estimated some of them might be under aged through document falsification Around 30 are men mostly work in plantation construction transportation and service sector 3 Since 1969 the government of Indonesia has administered the recruitment of migrant labour 4 The public programme is widely criticized to prioritize the rights of private recruitment agents over the migrant workers they recruit Contents 1 Statistics 1 1 Employer countries 1 2 Job sector 2 In popular culture 3 See also 4 Notes 5 External linksStatistics EditCurrently Malaysia employs the largest numbers of Indonesian migrant workers followed by Taiwan Saudi Arabia Hong Kong and Singapore It is important to note that these are official numbers the actual numbers might be far larger contributed by unrecorded illegal entry of Indonesian workers into foreign countries Employer countries Edit Source BNP2TKI 5 6 Country 2011 2012 2013 2014 Malaysia 134 120 134 023 150 236 107 085 Taiwan 78 865 81 071 83 544 68 874 Saudi Arabia 137 835 40 655 45 394 38 104 Hong Kong 50 301 45 478 41 769 30 208 Singapore 47 786 41 556 34 655 25 601 United Arab Emirates 39 917 35 571 44 505 15 276 Oman 7 306 8 836 10 719 15 035 South Korea 11 392 13 593 15 374 9 623 Brunei 10 804 13 146 11 269 9 298 United States 13 749 15 353 15 021 7 839 Qatar 16 616 20 380 16 237 6 872 Bahrain 4 379 6 328 5 384 4 535 Japan 2 508 3 293 3 042 2 093 Kuwait 2 723 2 518 2 534 1 530 Turkey 1 016 1 209 1 518 1 155 Italy 3 408 3 691 3 746 1 075 China 1 072 1 967 2 055 812 Fiji 556 970 848 809 Canada 805 Spain 1 484 1 746 1 417 754 Mauritius 478 982 1 017 734 Netherlands 592 798 1 176 664 Thailand 1 113 1 035 1 041 597 Germany 299 697 1 168 518 Australia 526 945 1 012 441 South Africa 1 272 1 388 905 460 Trinidad and Tobago 481to 31 OctoberJob sector Edit Employment type 2011 2012 2013 2014 Domestic Worker 267 231 164 981 168 318 113 952Plantation Worker 39 622 36 478 47 598 40 146Operator 40 847 40 347 46 799 32 819Care Taker 48 492 51 474 45 751 40 581Construction Worker 5 625 11 141 15 580 6 779General Worker 8 364 8 488 13 834 7 338Deck Hand 4 509 12 283 11 249 8 904Worker Man 33 398 17 030 9 249 2 041Able Body Seaman 4 777 7 796 8 719 4 017Housekeepers 14 643 16 006 8 301 4 759Operator Production 1 1 913 5 856 6 244Labour 17 098 19 493 5 854 4 270Fisherman 4 371 5 213 5 559 3 988Driver 0 974 4 746 6 945Production Operator 3 745 5 163 4 664 naGardener 2 018 2 580 3 831 2 658Worker 1 195 2 131 3 793 6 300Agricultural Labour 6 814 3 201 3 604 naWaiter 4 733 4 144 3 153 1 635Engineer 2 339 2 939 3 115 nato 31 OctoberIn popular culture EditNadila a character in Kakushigoto My Dad s Secret Ambition is an Indonesian migrant worker who works as a housekeeper in Japan See also EditOverseas Indonesians Human trafficking in Indonesia Erwiana Sulistyaningsih Overseas Filipino Worker OFW Filipino version of migrant workerNotes Edit Maksum Ali Surwandono 2017 Suffer to Survive The Indonesian Illegal Workers Experiences in Malaysia and Japan Journal of Social Research amp Policy 8 1 101 123 Retrieved 7 September 2020 Urbina Ian 2019 Ship of horrors life and death on the lawless high seas The Guardian Retrieved 12 Sep 2019 Profil in Indonesian Migrant Care Retrieved 2014 11 26 Palmer Wayne 2016 08 25 Indonesia s Overseas Labour Migration Programme 1969 2010 Brill doi 10 1163 9789004325487 ISBN 9789004325487 25 Negara Terbesar Penempatan Tenaga Kerja Luar Negeri Indonesia Tahun 2011 2013 PDF in Indonesian BNP2TKI p 7 Retrieved 2014 11 26 25 Negara Terbesar Penempatan Tenaga Kerja Luar Negeri Indonesia Tahun 2014 1 Januari s d 31 Oktober 2014 PDF in Indonesian BNP2TKI p 7 Archived from the original PDF on 2017 05 25 Retrieved 2014 11 26 External links EditBNP2TKI National Body for Placement and Protection of Indonesian Workers Migratesafe Migratesafe Ethical amp responsible Indonesian Domestic Helper Agency Migrant Care NGO focused on migrant worker issues MTO Resource for Remittance comparison for Overseas Indonesians Merchantrade Money Transfer Money Transfer Service Provider Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Indonesian migrant worker amp oldid 1151002279, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
